minelayingnov06.ppt

AIM OF OBSTs• TO ASSIST IN DESTR OF EN BY : -

– DENYING APCHs AND ROUTES TO DELAY AND

CAUSE ATTRITION

– DISORGANISING EN PLANS OF ATTACK

– RESTRICTING EN MOV AND CHANNELISING HIM

INTO AN AREA

– ENHANCING DEF POTENTIAL OF EXISTING

NATURAL OBST SYS

TYPES OF OBST SYS

• AXIAL

• LATERAL

–PRIMARY BELT

–SUBSIDIARY BELT

LATERAL OBSTS• PRIMARY BELT. SELECTED AND ORDERED

BY THE HIGHEST COMMANDER AND IS CONTINUOUS ACROSS THE ENTIRE FRONT OF THE FORCE HE COMMANDS. THIS IS A PRIORITY TASK FOR ALL ENGINEERS IN THE FORCE.

• SUBSIDIARY BELT. AN OBSTACLE BELT SELECTED AND ORDERED BY THE HIGHEST COMMANDER OR BY A LOWER COMMANDER OVER AND ABOVE THE PRIMARY BELT. IT MAY BE FORWARD OF, OR BEHIND THE PRIMARY BELT OR TO A FLANK.

MINE LAYING

• THE PRINCIPAL FUNCTION OF MINES IS THE SAME AS THAT OF ANY OTHER OBSTACLE I.E. TO HINDER THE ENEMY, TO CREATE A SITUATION IN WHICH THE DEFENDERS CAN TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THEIR WEAPONS AND TO SEPARATE THE INFANTRY FROM ARMOURED ELEMENTS OF AN ATTACKING FORCE BY IMPOSING VARYING DEGREES OF CAUTION ON THEM.

TACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR LAYING MINEFIELDS

• CONTINUOUS OBSTACLE IN DEPTH. MINEFIELDS SHOULD PREF ERABLY BE SITED ALONG WITH THE NATURAL OBSTACLES

• COVERED BY FIRE. MINEFIELDS LAID SHOULD PREFERABLY BE COVERED BY SMALL ARMS OF THE INFANTRY BATTALION.

• COORDINATED SITING OF MINEFIELDS. INDISCRIMINATE LAYING OF MINES CAN BE OF GREAT NUISANCE TO OWN TROOPS.

• SURPRISE. MINEFIELDS SHOULD BE WELL CONCEALED.

• DENSITY. THIS WILL DEPEND ON THE TERRAIN CONDITIONSAND UPON THE PERCENTAGE CASUALTIES/DELAY DESIRED TO BE ACHIEVED.

• DESIGN. FRONTAGE, DEPTH, DENSITY AND TYPE OF MINE FIELDS SHOULD BE DECIDED AFTER DUE CONSIDERATION ON ENEMY’S CAPABILITY TO BREACH THE MINE FIELD,

DENSITY• DENSITY IS THE AVERAGE NUMBER

OF MINES PER METRE OF FRONTAGE OF THE MINE FIELD. DENSITIES ARE INDICATED AS

• ANTI TANK DENSITY.

• ANTI PERSONNEL DENSITY.

PRINCIPLES OF SITING

• INTERPOSED ACROSS LIKELY AVENUES OF APCH.

• SITED AHEAD OF DEFs TO HINDER PENETRATION. AROUND DEPTH DEFs TO PREVENT DEEP PENETRATION

• CONTINOUS ACROSS ENTIRE WIDTH OF APCHs

• BYPASSING SHOULD NOT BE POSSIBLE• SHOULD BE UNDER OBSN AND FIRE

PLG OF MINEFDS• FMN CDR LAYS DOWN IN OUTLINE PLAN :-

– TK & INF APPCH

– APPROX ALIGNMENT

– DENSITIES

– LOC OF GAPS & LANES

– ALLOTMENT OF MINES

– EFFORT BY INF / OTHERS

– POLICY REGARDING PROTECTVE MINEFDs WITHIN DEF As AND DEF SECTs

COORD• IN FRONT OF BNs BY INF

• OTHER MINEFDS BY ARMD REGT CDR / ENGRS / FMN CDR

• GAPS / LANES / MARKING POLICY BY DIV CDR

LANES & GAPS• INF LANE. 2 FT / .6 MTR.• VEH LANE. 20 FT / 6 MTRS.• GAPS. MIN 100 MTRS.

LANES & GAPS : UTILITY

• MOV OF INF PTLS.• FWD DPLY OF TEMP POSNS.• WITHDRAWAL OF COVERING TPS AND SCREENS.• COUNTER ATTACK.

TYPES OF MINEFDS• PROTECTIVE• DEFENSIVE• TACTICAL• NUISANCE• DUMMY

PROTECTIVE MINEFDS• OBSTRUCT PENETRATION INTO DEF LOCs, DEF POSTS,

HABOUR AREAS.

• COVERED BY LMG & RL.

• NEAR EDGE OUT SIDE WIRE OBSTS.

• MAY BE LAID BETWEEN FWD & DEPTH LOCs.

• LAID BY TPS OCCUPING DEFs.

• ORDERED BY CDR NOT BELOW BN CDR.

• LAID BY ALL ARMS EXCEPT AC AND SIGS.

DEFENSIVE MINEFDs

• OBSTRUCT PENETRATION BETWEEN DEF AREAS.

• PROVIDE DEPTH & DENS TO PROTECTIVE MINEFDS.

• COVERED BY MMGs, ATGMs, ARTY.

• NEAR EDGE OUT SIDE WIRE OBST.

• LAID BY ENGRS.

• PLANNED & ORDERED AT DIV LEVEL.

TACTICAL MINEFDS

• CHANNELISE EN INTO KILLING AREAS.

• LAID TO FLANKS TO DISCOURAGE BYPASSING.

• MUST BE COVERED BY FIRE / PATROLLED.

• LAID BY ENGRS.

• PLANNED AT HIGHEST LEVELS.

NUISANCE MINEFDS• LAID ALONG EN ROUTES OF ADV

/XG PLACES/ AA/FUP.

• SMALL FRONTAGE.

• RETROGRADE OPS.

• LAID BY ENGRS.

• RECORDS PREPARED.

DUMMY MINE FDS• LAID WHEN EN IS MINE CONSCIOUS.

RESPONSIVE / REACTIVE MINE FDS

• RESPONSIVE MINEFDS.– PLANNED BUT NOT LAID INITIALLY

– GENERALLY LAID BY MOGs

• REACTIVE MINE FDS.– SITING NOT PLANNED INITIALLY

– GENERALLY LAID BY RDMs

TYPESOF

MINES

TYPES OF MINESANTI PERS

• BLAST- MINE A PERS NMM 14

• FRAGMENTATION - MINE A PERS FRAG M 16

• DIRECTIONAL - MINE A PER M16 A1 (CLAYMORE)

ANTI TK

• MINE A TK ND MK 1

• MINE A TK MK 3 BAR MINE

• MINE A TK INFLUENCE

– ADRUSHY

– HPD F-2

MINE ANTI PERSONNEL NMM 14

MINE ANTI PERSONEL M 16

BAR MINE

INFLUENCE MINES• BASED ON HOLLOW CH (SHAPED CH) PRINCIPLE

• PHYSICAL CONTACT & PRESSURE NOT REQD.

• ACTIVATED BY SEISMIC VIBRATION AND OR CHANGE IN

MAG FD VIBRATION.

• FULL WIDTH ATTACK.

• BETTER WT/EXPLOSIVE RATIO.

contd…

INFLUENCE MINES• ARMING DELAY-GETS ARMED ONLY WHEN PERS

HAVE MOVED TO SAFETY DISTANCE.

• ANTI TRAWL DEVICE.

• OP LIFE - LIFE OF BTY.

• BLAST PROOF.

• ALD.

• REDUCTION IN NO OF MINES, PERS AND TPT

METHODS OF MINE LAYING

• STRIP METHOD

• ROW METHOD

• SCATTERED METHOD

• CLUSTER METHOD

MINE FIELD

STRIP METHOD OF MINE LAYING

SSM

TP

ESM3*

2*

A PERS6*

4*

A TK9*

6*

FRAG

SSM

TP

ESM

PAK – CLUSTER METHOD OF MINE LAYING

3*

3*

2’RADIUS

MINE LAYING EQPT

• MECH MINE LAYER UNIVERSAL FOR ND MK1 & 2 AND BAR MINES

• MINE PLANTING EQPT 2A FOR BAR MINES AND A PERS MINES

• MINE LAYING EQPT FOR INFLUENCE MINES

MINEFD LAYING RATES

• ENGR MLP 700 MINES /24 H CYCLE

• INF MLP 500 MINES /24 H CYCLE

• DESERTS - LAYING RATES 70%

• MTNS - LAYING RATES 40%

PRESENT CONCEPTPRESENT CONCEPT

EVAL OF EARLIER SYSTEM

SHORTCOMINGS IN EARLIER

SYS OF MINEFD PLG(GRAPHS – FE PAMPHLET NO 5 & ERPB 94)(GRAPHS – FE PAMPHLET NO 5 & ERPB 94)

• BASED ON Mk V HC MINES AND WIDER TR WIDTH..

• ONLY DENSITY GIVEN FOR PARTICULAR CAS % ; NO OF ROWS NOT GIVEN.

• INTRO OF NEW MINE NOT TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION.

• METHODOLOGY OF PREP OF GRAPH NOT KNOWN.METHODOLOGY OF PREP OF GRAPH NOT KNOWN.

• TR WIDTHS OF TKS HAVE CHANGED SINCE.TR WIDTHS OF TKS HAVE CHANGED SINCE.

• ONLY EXTENDED FMN FOR NEGOTIATING A MINEFD.ONLY EXTENDED FMN FOR NEGOTIATING A MINEFD.

• COMBINATION OF MINES NOT TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT.COMBINATION OF MINES NOT TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT.

STOPPING STOPPING POWERPOWER

STOPPING POWERSTOPPING POWER

STOPPING POWER CAN BE DEFINED AS THE PROBABILITY THAT A TANK WILL GET DESTROYED WHILE CROSSING A MINEFD.

IT IS EFFECTIVENESS OF A MINEFD RELATED TO PASSAGE OF TKS THROUGH IT AND IS EXPRESSED IN TERMS OF PERCENTAGE. IN OTHER WORDS IT MEANS POTENCY OF MINEFD.

HIT PROBABILITY

• SYNONYMOUS TO CAS. IT IS THE PROBABILITY OF A TK GETTING DESTROYED IN A MINEFD. FACTORS AFFECTING ARE AS FOLLOWS:-– SIZE AND TYPE OF MINE– TR WIDTH– MIN WIDTH OF PRESSURE PAD FOR ACTAUTION– SPACING BETWEEN MINES IN A ROW– WIDTH OF A TK– PROBABILITY THAT A MINE FUNCTIONS

EFFECTIVELY/RELIABLY

EFF RGEFF RG

EFF RGEFF RG• EACH MINE HAS AN EFF RG WHICH

CAN BE DEFINED AS THE DISTANCE WITHIN WHICH IF A TK TR COMES, IT WILL GET DESTROYED.

EFF RG - ND MKI

6Cm

9 Cm

T1

W

W+6

W= TR WIDTH

= 58 Cms

EFF RG = W +6

=64Cms

EFF RG -ND MKI

6

9

T1T1W = TR WIDTH

= 58 Cm

EFF RG = W + 6

= 64 CmW

W + 6

EFF RG - ND Mk III

76 Cm

56 CmW

W +56

W = TR WIDTH

= 58 Cm

EFF RG = W +56

= 114 Cm

10

EFF RG - ND Mk III

76 Cm

56 Cm

W +56

W= TR WIDTH

= 58 Cm

EFF RG = W +56

= 114 Cm

10

IN CASE IN CASE IS THE ANGLE BETWEEN THE IS THE ANGLE BETWEEN THE DIRECTION OF TK APCH AND MINE, DIRECTION OF TK APCH AND MINE, THEN :-THEN :-

--

Eff Rg = W + 56 Sin

WW

56 Sin

EFF RG : INFLUENCE MINE= TK WIDTH(T)

PROBABILITY OF TK CASPROBABILITY OF TK CAS(BASED ON SPACING)(BASED ON SPACING)

Ser No

Mines SPACING (L) MTRS

30 24 12 9 6 3

1 ND Mk I - - .11 .14 .21 .27

2 ND Mk III - - .16 .21 .32 -

3 Influence .11 .14 .28 - - -

PROBABILITY OF TK CASPROBABILITY OF TK CAS(BASED ON SPACING)(BASED ON SPACING)

• PROBABILITY(P) = 2X EFFECTIVE RG

SPACING

• STOPPING POWER = 1- { (1-PROBABILITY OF CAS DUE TO MINE TYPE 1)

X (1- PROBABILITY OF CAS DUE TO MINE TYPE 2)

X (1- PROBABILITY OF CAS DUE TO MINE TYPE 3)}

SAMPLE CALCULATION• CONSIDER A MINEFD COMPRISING

THREE ROWS

– ROW ONE ND MK1 WITH DENSITY 1/6– ROW TWO ND MK111 WITH DENSITY 1/6– ROW THREE INF MINE WITH DENSITY 1/30

STOPPING POWER = 1-((1-0.21)x (1-0.32)x

(1-0.11)) = 0.52 OR 52%

STOPPING POWER OF MINES ND STOPPING POWER OF MINES ND MK IMK I

TABLE FOR STOPPING POWER ND MK I

MINES

S No Row1 Row 2 Row3 Row 4Total Dens

Mines/Km SP

1 1/3 0 0 0 1/3 333 28%

2 1/6 1/6 0 0 1/3 333 37%

3 1/9 1/9 1/9 0 1/3 333 36%

4 1/12 1/12 1/12 1/12 1/3 333 37%

5 1/6 1/6 1/6 0 1/2 500 49%

6 1/3 1/3 0 0 2/3 667 48%

7 1/6 1/6 1/6 1/6 2/3 667 61%

8 1/3 1/3 1/3 0 1 1000 62%

9 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3 4/3 1334 73%

STOPPING POWER OF STOPPING POWER OF MINES ND MK IIIMINES ND MK III

SL No

Row1 Row2 Row3 Row 4 Total Dens Mines/Km SP

1 1/6 1/6 0 0 1/3 333 53%

2 1/9 1/9 1/9 0 1/3 333 50%

3 1/12 1/12 1/12 1/12 1/3 333 50%

4 1/6 1/6 1/6 0 1/2 500 68%

STOPPING POWER OF MIXED ANTI TANK STOPPING POWER OF MIXED ANTI TANK MINEFDMINEFD

Ser Row1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4

Mine/Km SP Mine Dens Mine Dens Mine Dens Mine Dens

1 ND MkI 1/12 ND MkI 1/12 ND MkI 1/12 ND MkIII 1/12 333 40%

2 ND MkI 1/12 ND MkI 1/12 ND MkI 1/12 ND MkI 1/12 333 37%

3 ND MkI 1/12 ND MkI 1/12 ND MkIII 1/12 Influence 1/30 283 41%

4 ND MkI 1/3 ND MkIII 1/12 ND MkIII 1/12 Influence 1/30 534 54%




8 ND MkIII 1/12 ND MkIII 1/12 ND MkIII 1/12 Influence 1/30 284 47%







REDUCTION IN REQMT OF REDUCTION IN REQMT OF MINES BY 30 TO 40 PERCENT.MINES BY 30 TO 40 PERCENT.

• A SCIENTIFIC METHOD FOR MINEFD PLG.

• GIVES CDR A QUANTIFIABLE PARAMETER IN TERMS OF STOPPING POWER OF EACH MINEFIELD LAID IN HIS SECTOR.

• FACILITATES SAVING OF MANPOWER AND RESOURCES.

• CAPABILITIES OF EXISTING EQPT PROFILE CONSIDERED (BOTH IA AND PAK); HENCE MAKING STUDY USER FRIENDLY.

• PROVIDES MULTIPLE OPTIONS TO CHOOSE BASED ON AVAILABILITY OF MINES.

ADVANTAGES BASED ON STOPPING POWER

minelayingnov06.ppt

Documents

def areas

def locs

depth defs

obstacle belt

def sectscoordin

def posts

bn cdr

depth dens