Basic Needs Of Human

Food

Shelter

Air

Water

To breathe

To protect from• danger• extreme weather• sun & rain

Give energyGrow

Stay healthy

Drinks

Grow

Stay healthy

1.1 Understanding that humans have basic needs

Basic Needs Of Animals

Food

Shelter

Air

Water

To breathe

To protect from• danger• extreme weather• sun & rain

Give energyGrow

Stay healthy

Drinks

Grow

Stay healthy

1.2 Understanding that animals have basic needs

Types :• holes• cave• nest• beehive

Plants Have Basic Needs

Air SunlightWater

With :• grow healthy• grow well• not wilted

Without :• wilted• Turn yellow• Die

1.3 Understanding that plants have basic needs

2.1 Analysing life processes that humans undergo

Analysing Life Processes ThatHuman Undergo

Respond To Stimuli

Breathing

Reproduce

Organs

Inhale – take in air

Exhale – give out air

Nose/Mouth Wind-pipe Lungs

A process to producetheir young or offspring

Rate of breath

Number of chest movement In a period of time

Organs

Eyes - Sight

Nose - Smell

Tongue - Taste

Ears - Sound

Skin - Touch

Excrete Defecate

Lungs( Carbon dioxide+ water vapour )

Kidney ( urine + mineral salt )

Skin ( Sweat + mineral salt )

Faeces

Purpose :• avoid danger• avoid getting hurt• avoid getting injured• to survive

2.2 Being aware that certain behaviour can disturb life processes

Behaviour That Can DisturbLife Processes

Smoking Taking DrugDrinking Alcohol

Effects• Lung cancer• Coughing

Effects• Delay respond to stimuli• Lose ability to walk in straight line• Can cause accidents

How to avoid

Participate in a campaign

Discourage among their peers

Occupied time with beneficial activities

2.3 Analysing the life processes that animals undergo

Animals Life Processes

BreathingExcrete Reproduce

Lay Eggs Give BirthOrgans

Lungs• monkey• bird• whale

Gills• fish• prawn

Lungs-book• crab

MoistSkin• frog• earthworm

TracheaStructure• insects

Defecate

To get rid of waste productfrom their bodies cat

tigerbatwhale

butterfly

bird

2.4 Life processes plants undergo

plants respond to stimuli.

water, sunlight, touch, gravity.

why plants need to reproduce

to ensure the survival of the species.

various ways plants reproducethrough…seeds, spores, suckers, stem cutting, leaves, underground stem.

what will happen to the world if

plants do not reproduce.

no food supply.

plants reproduce.

Seeds – balsam, corn, durianSpores – fern, mushroomSuckers – banana, pineappleStem cutting – hibiscus, rose, tapiocaLeaves – bryophyllum, begoniaStem – potato, onion, ginger and lily

the part of plant that responds

to touch.

the part of plant that responds

to sunlight.

Shoot

the part of plant that responds

to gravity.

Roots

the part of plant that responds to water

Roots

Science Year 4INVESTIGATING LIVING THINGS2. Living Things Undergo Life Processes

Special characteristics of animals that protect them from danger.

special behaviour of animals that protect them from danger.

The special characteristics and behaviour of animals help to protect them from danger.

3.1 animals have specific characteristics and behaviour to protect themselves

Thick and hard skinTo prevent their enemies from injuring

Hard shellSnails and tortoise retract their headAnd legs into the shell when the are

Attacked by enemies

Hard scalesPangolins and crocodiles have hard

scales To protect their bodies from injuries

SpinesRaise the sharp spines when

the enemies Advance towards them

Horns Use their horn to attack enemies.

Sharp clawsTo protect themselves and their

Young from the enemies- lion ,cat,Bears, and eagle.

Spray black inkDark surrounding helps the animal not

to been seen by enemies – e.g: octopus, squid

Poisonous sting or fangsCan hurt and kill enemies-e.g..: scorpion,

centipede snake , bee.

CamouflageHas body colour or patterns that that are

Similar to the surrounding

Pretend to deadTo trick their enemies –e.g.: beetle

3.2/3.3

Animals have specific characteristics

and behaviour to protect themselves from

extreme weather and survive

how specific characteristics and behavior of animals help to protect them from very hot or cold weather.

specific characteristics and behavior of animals that protect

them from very hot and cold weather.

Hot weather Cold weather

Wrinkled SkinElephant ,hippopotamuses and buffaloes

lose body heat through wrinkled skins

WallowingElephant, hippopotamuses and buffaloes

keep their body cool by wallowing in mud holes

HumpsCamels store food and water in the form

Of fats in the humps on their back.

Thick FurPolar bears have thick fur to prevent the body

From losing heat to cold surroundings.

Fat Layers Under The SkinsPenguins, seals, and whales have fat layers under

their skin to keep their bodies warm

Small EarsSeals and Walruses have small ears to prevent

Heat loss from their bodies.

HibernatePolar bears hibernates during extreme cold

Weather

3.4 Plants havespecific characteristics to protect

themselves from enemy

The specific characteristics of plants that protect them from enemies

How the specificcharacteristics of

plants help to protect them from enemies.

characteristics that protect plants.

Have thorns

poisonous Have fine hairs

Produces

latex

Close leaflets

when touch

3.5 Plants have specific characteristics to

protect themselves from dry region and

strong wind

strong winddry region

Eg : cactus.

a. Long roots to absorb waterb. Succulent stem can store waterd. Thorn can can prevent the excessive loss of water

Eg: Coconut tree, bamboo tree, mangrove tree

a. Have stems that bend easily b. Have buttress rootsc. Have separated leavesd. Needle- shaped leaves

INVESTIGATING FORCE AND ENERGY

Volume

MEASUREMENT1.1 Length

1.2 Area

1.5 Mass

1.6 Time1.7 Standard units

1.3 Solid

1.4 Liquid

1.1Length

Terminology

- The distance between two points/place/position

Ways to measure

Measuring tape

Cubit

Arm spanString

Ruler

Standard Tools

Measuring tape Ruler

Unit

mm cm m km

Correct technique

- The eye must be directly above the end of object

1.2 Area

- Area is the amount of Space taken up by the surface of an object.

Terminology

- Using square card with a sides of 1 centimetre

Standard unit

- Square millimetre (mm2)- Square centimetre (cm2)- Square metre (m2)- Square kilometre (km2)

- Using formula

Area = length X width1cm

1cm

Different ways to measure area

2cm

4cm

= 4cm X 2 cm = 8cm2

3cm

3cm

- by placing uniform objects such as tiles, books and stamps on the surface of the objects

Volume

Terminology

The amount of space thatsomething takes up

1.3 Solid

1.4 LiquidFormula

Length x width x height

Standard Units

mm3, cm3, m3

Tools

Standard Units

measuringcylinder

ml, lCorrect technique

a) taking the reading at the lowest part of the meniscus.b) eyes must be at the same level as the lowest part of the meniscus

1.5 Mass

Terminology

- Amount of matter in an object

Tools

Electronic balance

Simple balance

Beam balance

Kitchen scale

Bathroom scale

Lever balance

Standard unit

mg g kg

Correct technique

1.6 TimeTerminology

- Duration between two event

Way to measure

- Sundial , sand clock , candle clock

Process that repeats uniformly can be used to measure time

-Swinging pendulum

-Pulse rate candle

-water dripping

-Changing day and night

Tool

Standard unit

- Second , minute , hour

- Digital clock , watch , wrist watch , clock

Old clock

Events can be used measuring time

1.7 The Importance of Standard Units

- for accuracy and consistency

- easy to communicate and understanding

Investigating Materials

1.1 The properties of materials

Insulator

Float on water

Conduct electricity

metal

conduct heatSink in water

Light to pass through

Can be stretch

wood

stone rubber ring

glass carbon plastics

metalwood

1.2Applying knowledge

properties of materials in everyday life

Suggest ways to keep things hot

Covered with insulators

Suggest ways to keep things cold

hot thing cold thing

To prevent heat loss

prevent fromabsorbing heat

1.3 Uses of

materials based on their properties

List of object and materials that they

are made of

transparentglassglasses

Softwoodtissue

hardmetalspoon

propertiesmaterialsobject

Reason why particular materials are used to

make an object

cheap

easy to get

strength

good quality

naturalmaterials

Man-madematerials

wood metal

rubber

cotton plastics synthetic cloth

glass

State that man-made materials comes from natural materials

reducing reusing recycling

public transport plastic bag bottle plastics glass

1.4The importance of

reuse, reduce and recycle of materials

RUSTING CAN BE PREVENTED

DIFFERENT WAYS TO PREVENT OBJECTS FROM

RUSTING

Coating with non rusting materials

*paint

*oil

*grease

THE NECESSARY TO

PREVENT RUSTING

*Everlasting Live

*Save Natural

material

*Save Cost

*Looking good

1.6

*Conclusion; Rusting can be avoided by preventing iron contact with air and water.

UNDERSTANDING THAT SOME

MATERIALS CAN BE RUST

RUSTY OBJECTS NON RUSTY OBJECTS

OBJECT MADE OFIRON AND STEEL

OBJECT MADE OF GLASS PLASTIC,

WOOD, CLAY AND SILK

*Nail*Spoon*Knife

*Needle

*Glass*Bottle*Cup

*Pencil

INVESTIGATING THE EARTH

AND THE UNIVERSE

1.1The solar system

List of constituents

List of planets

Planets move around

the Sun

-Nine Planets-Natural satellites-Meteors-Comets-Asteroids

Mercury – MyVenus – VeryEarth – ExcellentMars – MotherJupiter – JustSaturn – ServedUranus – UsNeptune – NinePluto – Pudding

THE SOLAR

SYSTEM

1.2 The relative size and distance between

the Earth, the Moon and the Sun

Size of the Sunrelative to the size

of the Earth.

Size of the Earthrelative to the size

of the Moon.

The relative distance fromthe Earth to the Sun comparedto the relative distance from the

Earth to the Moon.

the Sun

1

the Earth

100

the Earth

1

the Moon

4

the Sun

the Earth the Moon

150 000 000 km 382 500 km

1 : 400

1.3Appreciating the perfect placement

of the planet Earth in theSolar System

Why certain planetsare not conducive

for living things.EFFECTThe Earth is

the only planet in the Solar System that has living things.

•The nearer a planet to the Sun is, the hotter is the surface of the planet .•The farther a planet from the Sun is, the colder is the surface of the planet.•Do not have enough air and water.

•Earth is the third planet from the Sun, it receives enough light and heat from the Sun.•It is not too hot or too cold.•The atmosphere of the Earth contains air and there is water on Earth.

Much nearer : •The temperature on the Earth would rise.•Water on Earth would evaporate.•No water and the temperature would be very hot.Much farther :•The temperature on the Earth would drop.•Water would freeze into ice.•All living things would die.

INVESTIGATING TECHNOLOGY

1.1.Understanding the importance of technology in everyday life

Limitation of human abilityExamples of human limitations are

• Unable to see fine objects•Unable to speak loud

•Unable to walk for long distance•Unable to see far away objects

Devices to overcome human limitation

Microscope- The usage of lens to see fine

features of objects and microbes Microphone

-To increase the voice volumeTelephone

-To communicate from long distanceBicycle, motorcycle, airplanes

-Can travel long distance in a shorter time

Telescope, binocular- To see far away objects

TECHNOLOGY

1.2 Understanding The

Development Of Technology

Agriculture

e.g.:

hoe plough tractor

combine harvesterTransportation

Land: Animal bicycle car train

Air: hot air balloon airship glider aeroplane

Water: canoe raft sampan ferry

ship

Communication

Drawing carrier pigeon

Telephone

Construction

Cave hut wooden house apartment

Examples

Problems theyencounter in their daily life

TECHNOLOGY

Ideas to solvethe problems identified

Device to solvethe problem identified.

Demonstrate that device invented can be used to

solve the problem identified

1.3 Synthesising

how technology can be used to solve problems

Cannot move and lift heavy thing

Cannot move farther

Sketch the model

Brain storming

lever

wheelbarrow

Pulley – can lift everything Wheel barrow – can move heavy thing easily

1.4 Analysing That Technology Can Benefit Mankind If Used Wisely

Advantages of Technology Disadvantages of Technology

•CommunicationEnable human to learn more about things happening around the world

•TransportationEnable human to travel

far away places in shorter time•Agriculture

Machines make it easier to plants and harvest their crops

•ConstructionRoads, highways, bridges and

building is easier and faster to build

Environmental pollution from increase In waste materials

Environmental destruction result fromexcessive usage of natural resources

Social problem

Bad effects on health result from environmental pollution and excessive

use of chemicals