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Milk Basics Slide 2 Objectives Learn the Basics of Milk Production Slide 3 Milk Most wholesome & complete food Oldest agricultural industry dates back 7,000 years Slide 4 Care of Milk Milk is easily contaminated with bacteria udder is close to ground Cows can carry Brucellosis causes undulant fever in humans cows are tested each year Pasteurization: heat to 161 degrees F for 15 seconds kills bacteria Slide 5 Dairy Breeds Holstein: most popular breed in U.S. largest breed most milk production lowest butterfat in milk black & white Jersey: smallest breed, light brown color least milk most butterfat fat on meat is yellow (butterfat) Slide 6 Jersey (Dairy) Slide 7 Dairy Breeds Guernsey : milk is yellower due to high content of carotene Ayrshire : newest breed, looks like Holstein but red & white good foragers Brown Swiss : oldest breed, dual purpose breed (meat & milk) Slide 8 Ayrshire (Dairy) Slide 9 Brown Swiss (Dairy) Slide 10 Milking Dairy cows require lots of high quality feed, lots of concentrates & water Dairies milk 2-3 times / day udder is washed & dried primed by hand milking machine pipes milk to a cooling tank dip teats in iodine to disinfect & close sphincter muscle Slide 11 Milking Any cows treated with antibiotics, milk is not suited to humans can cause a whole truck of milk to be dumped out due to contamination Lactation period = 10 months, dry = 2 months Freshen: cows calve and begin to lactate Colostrum: mothers first milk, loaded with antibiotics etc. for the calf first 3 days milk from a cow can t be fed to humans (feed to calf) Slide 12 Milking Calves are usually not allowed to nurse from their mother bottle fed colostrum, then milk replacer or cows milk Slide 13