military psychology: overview
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Military Psychology:Research
Dr. Steven J. Kass
Dr. (Major) Alan Ogle
Military Psychology Research in History
Military Psychology Research Includes:– Recruitment, selection, placement, training, retention– Prediction/enhancement of combat performance– Human factors in design of complex weapon systems– Specialized skills training– Coping skills in foreign lands, adverse conditions– Adjustment/stress– Data analysis for decision/policy making– Diversity
World War I:– Intelligence testing, selection, & classification
World War II:– Human factors studies
RADAR, electronic communications, complex weapon systems– Mackworth’s vigilance research on radar operators in RAF.
Navy Combat Information Centers (CIC) – man-machine interface issues (e.g., sonar, radar)
APA Division 21 – Applied Experimental & Engineering Psychologists (HF)
– Problems of human capabilities and limitations in use of complex systems (e.g., high performance aircraft, submarines, C&C centers)
– Research on protecting soldiers from environmental elements.
Military Psychology Research in History
Post WWII– RADAR-aided ATC (Ohio State Univ)– Land-based air defense/interception (Columbia Univ/MIT)– Shipboard Combat Info Center air defense (NRL-
Chesapeake Bay)– Battlefield Surveillance (Univ of Michigan)– Field operations, tactics, equipment (Ft. Ord, Cal)– Hypothetical command center for nuclear war (System
Development Corporation)
Military Psychology Research in History
Human Resources Research Office (HumRRO)– Est 1951 to study US Army training methods– Still conducts I/O related work for Army and other
agencies– Located in Alexandria, VA
Military Psychology Research in History
Military Research Centers & LabsArmy
US Army Human Research Engineering Directorate (HRED)
– Est 1951, Aberdeen Proving Ground (MD)– HF research on interface design (e.g., field phone interface,
display symbology for weapon systems, pilot controls)– Basic psychological research on human sensory
input/handling of informatino– Field experiments measuring performance of soldiers
operating developmental hardware systems– Application of human engineering design guidance for
development and testing of materiel systemsFor more info see: http://www.peostri.army.mil/ARL_HRED/
Division of Neuropsychiatry at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Washington DC, 1951
– Stress Studies Neuroscience animal/human experiments on stress reactions Sleep deprivation studies
– Stimulants/sleep aids Stress associated with military lifestyle
For more info see: http://www.wramc.amedd.army.mil/research/Pages/default.aspx
Military Research Centers & LabsArmy
US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), Natick, MA– Studies on soldier performance as impacted by
harsh environmental stressor, such as heat, cold, altitude.
Physical fitness Biomechanics biophysics of protective clothing
For more info see: http://www.usariem.army.mil/
Military Research Centers & LabsArmy
US Army Aeromedical Research Lab (USAARL), Ft Rucker, AL
– In-flight & simulator assessment of helo pilots under stressful flight conditions
– Pilot fatigue– Performance with night vision goggles– Effects/benefits of pharmaceuticals (e.g., stimulants)– Effects of extreme conditions on pilot performance– E.g., shock, g-forces, vibration, noise, visual enhancement
systems.
For more info see: http://www.usaarl.army.mil/
Military Research Centers & LabsArmy
US Army Research Institute (ARI) for the Behavioral and Social Sciences (many offices around US)– Personnel selection, classification, placement,
and retention
For more info see: http://www.hqda.army.mil/ari/
Military Research Centers & LabsArmy
US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense (USAMRICD), Aberdeen, MD– Medical defense against chemical battlefield
threats Treatment Prophylaxis Antidotes
For more info see: http://chemdef.apgea.army.mil/
Military Research Centers & LabsArmy
Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC)– Aircraft Division (Lakehurst, Patuxent River)– Training Systems Division (Orlando)– Weapons Division (China Lake, Point Mugu)
Space & Naval Warfare Systems Command (SPAWAR)– Formerly Navy Command, Control, & Ocean Surveillance Cetner (NOSC)
& Navy Research, Development, Test, & Evaluation Center (NRaD)– (Charleston, San Diego)
Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC)– ( Carderock, W. Bethesda, Crane, Dahlgren, Panama City, Indian
Head, Port Hueneme)Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC)
– (Keyport, Newport)
See Links for more info: http://www.onr.navy.mil/sci_tech/3t/transition/orta/ntislabs.asp http://enterprise.spawar.navy.mil/
Military Research Centers & LabsNavy
Naval Health Research Center (NHRC), San Diego– Fleet operational readiness thru RDT&E– Evaluation of biomedical & psychological aspects of Navy/Marine
personnel health & performance
Naval Aerospace Medical Research Lab (NAMRL), Pensacola– Aviation performance and medicine
Spatial disorientation, motion sickness, effects of meds– BRAC’d for 2011, moving to WPAFB
Naval Submarine Medical Research Lab (NSMRL), Groton
See links for more info: http://www.med.navy.mil/ http://navymedicine.med.navy.mil/
Military Research Centers & LabsNavy
Military Research Centers & LabsNavy
Naval Operational Medicine Institute (NOMI)– Naval Aerospace Medicine Institute (NAMI)– Naval Expeditionary Medicine Institute (NEMTI)– Naval Special Operations Medicine Institute (NSOMI)– Naval Survival Training Institute (NSTI)– Naval Undersea Medicine Institute (NUMI)– Surface Warfare Medicine Institute (SWMI)
For more info: http://www.med.navy.mil/sites/
US Air Force Research Laboratory (realigned) “Super Lab” to conduct research on all
aspects of aviation– Wright Lab (Wright-Patterson AFB, OH)– Armstrong Lab (Brooks AFB, TX)– Phillips Lab (Kirtland AFB, NM)– Rome Lab (Griffiss AFB, NY)
For more info see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_Research_Laboratory
Military Research Centers & LabsAir Force
Military Research Funding
Program 6 – Research, Development, Testing & Evaluation (RDT&E)
– 6.1 Basic Research – basic mechanisms to explain psychological/physiological systems
Application of research not important at this level– 6.2 Applied Research – meeting a problem that has been
identified mostly in-house research
– 6.3 Advanced Material Development – feasibility preliminary development of new technologies
– 6.4 Engineering Development – procurement final development/procurement of technology to solve new
problem or fix old problem
6.1 Funding
Navy: Office of Naval Research (ONR)Air Force: US Air Force Office of Scientific Research
(AFOSR)Army:
– Army Research Institute (ARI) for Social & Behavioral Research (I/O, Personnel)
– Army Materiel Command’s Human Research & Engineering Directorate (human engineering)
– US Army Medical Research & Materiel Command (medical research)
– Army Research Office (behavioral research)
Military Psychology Training
Advanced degrees in Psych (MA, Ph.D.) Experimental design & statistics Practical experience Generalist, team player Ability to study multiple variables
Military PsychologyResearch Opportunities
Basic mechanisms research on animal models– Historical labs: primate lab, pigeon missile
Laboratory experiments w/state of the art equipment– Technology: Virtual reality, simulators, centrifuges– Innovations: tactile feedback, microdisplays, augmented cognition– Motivated participants
Field research– Solving real problems
Social psychology– Group dynamics, team training/cohesion, leadership, persuasion,
etc. Collaborative work w/world renown researchers
Military PsychologyPublishing
Military Psychology research is published in: Technical Reports
– DTIC repository for gov’t reports
Conference Proceedings– E.g., I/ITSEC, HFES, AsMA
Journals– E.g.,Military Psychology; Human Factors; Aviation, Space,
& Environmental Medicine; J. of Aviation; J. of Applied Psychology; Work & Stress; Ergonomics
Military PsychologyResearch The Future
Cuts in research funding due to war efforts in Afghanistan & Iraq
Base Re-alignment And Closures – Joint Service labs to increase efficiency
International research programs Clinical research for increased number of war
vets (PTSD, Stress, Neuropsych) Hi tech advances
Other Military Experiments
Link to Dr. Steve’s Research Page: http://www.uwf.edu/psychology/hf-lab/
YouTube Videos: Mind control experiment: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NUW-frxo2X4 LSD experiments: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NbvVLGskCQo Dolphin soldier pt1: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g3PKNgEznQw
pt2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Osts5XrpHM8&feature=related
pt3: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F7qhAUwmHVw&feature=related
pt4: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=InEPixEv9mY&feature=related