military assistance for civil disturbances 1 3/30/00 (macdis)
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Military Assistance for Civil DisturbancesMilitary Assistance for Civil Disturbances
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(MACDIS)
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WHEN AND HOW SHOULD U.S. MILITARY FORCES BE USED TO PROVIDE CONTROL
DURING CIVIL DISORDER?
CONCEPT
DOD GARDEN PLOT PLAN
USJFCOM PLAN
Military Assistance for Civil DisturbancesMilitary Assistance for Civil Disturbances
CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT
Federal paratroopers escort African American pupils to Central High School in Little Rock, Ark. without trouble. 1,000 paratroopers had been called by President Eisenhower to restore order and escort nine black students safely to class. Sept. 26, 1957.
Military Assistance for Civil DisturbancesMilitary Assistance for Civil Disturbances
WATTS RIOTS
On Aug.11, 1965, six days of rioting began in the Watts section of Los Angeles. In the violence, 34 people were killed and 856 injured. Here, a National Guardsman escorts an elderly resident in the riot area.
Military Assistance for Civil DisturbancesMilitary Assistance for Civil Disturbances
1992 LOS ANGELES RIOTS
On the afternoon of 29 April 1992 the worst civil unrest since the riots of the 1960’s erupted in the streets of Los Angeles. Violence spread quickly and overwhelmed law enforcement authorities resulting in 44 dead, hundreds of injuries, and an estimated billion dollars worth of property damage.
Military Assistance for Civil DisturbancesMilitary Assistance for Civil Disturbances
1989 HURRICANE HUGO
Mission to XVIII Airborne Corps - "Deploy forces to the island of St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands to restore law and order and preserve public and private property in the aftermath of Hurricane Hugo" Task Force Hawkeye consisted of XVIII Airborne Assault Command Post, elements of 1st Corps Support COSCOM, PSYOPS assets, counter-intelligence assets, aviation assets (3 OH-58's), HQS 16th MP Brigade, HQS 720th MP Battalion, 411th MP Company, 258th MP Company, and the 463rd MP Company.
Operation Hawkeye conducted on the island of St. Croix, US Virgin Islands - 20 September 1989 to 22
November 1989
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DEFINITION OF CIVIL DISTURBANCE
“Group acts of violence and disorder prejudicial to public law and order within the 50 states, District of Columbia, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, U.S. possessions and territories, or any political subdivision thereof; includes all domestic conditions requiring the use of federal armed forces pursuant to the provisions of Chapter 15 of Title 10, United States Code.”
DOD Civil Disturbance Plan “Garden Plot”
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LOCAL AND STATE LAW ENFORCEMENT OVERWHELMED
Rioting
Violent Protests or Demonstrations
Illegal Assembly
Military Assistance for Civil DisturbancesMilitary Assistance for Civil Disturbances
RESPONSIBILITIES
• Local and County - commit law enforcement assets to gain control, disperse disobedient crowds, and restore law and order; ask for state assistance as needed
• State - respond with state law enforcement assets and activate National Guard forces, as needed, to assist local and county law enforcement; request Federal assistance as needed
• Federal - respond with federal law enforcement assets; advise the President
• DOD - Respond to Presidential Executive Order with appropriate DOD assets to assist in the restoration of law and order
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Department of Justice Leads
Civilian Federal Law Enforcement Primary
Federal Military Forces Support
FEDERAL ASSISTANCE FOR CIVIL DISTURBANCES
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Posse Comitatus Act
(Section 1385 of Title 18, United States Code)
Insurrection Act
(Sections 331-334 of Title 10, United States Code)
LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR CIVIL DISTURBANCES
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DOD Directive 3025.12 - February 4, 1994
Military Assistance for Civil Disturbances (MACDIS)
Provides DOD policy for military assistance during civil disturbances
Names Secretary of the Army as DOD Executive Agent
Assigns CJCS and CINC planning and execution authority
Assigns Service coordination, planning, and support roles
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Garden Plot Applicability
DoD Plan applies to:
Unified Commands
Military Services
DoD Agencies
DoD Components
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Domestic Plan Quick Reaction Force Federal law enforcement has the lead DOJ to provide policy guidance Civil Defense Conditions Rules of Engagement Military forces under military C2
Operations controlled by JTF Headquarters
CIVIL DISTURBANCE PLAN (GARDEN PLOT)
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POTENTIAL TASKS
Restore Law and Order
Disperse Crowds
Employ Riot Control Agents
Establish Traffic Control Points
Cordon Off Areas
Serve as Security or Quick Reaction Force
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Garden Plot Force Requirements Force Requirements:
JTF-250: Quick Reaction Force (QRF) HQ from III or XVIII Corps 3 Infantry Battalions with Support Elements
JTF-MDW: Headquarters 3 Infantry Battalions with Support Elements 2 MP Battalions 1 Marine Battalion 1 Infantry Battalion within MDW 1 Marine Company within MDW
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CIVIL DISTURBANCE CONDITIONS
DOMS Declares Condition
CIDCON Five: Normal PreparednessFour: Increased Monitoring/AnalysisThree: Increased PreparednessTwo: Deployment of Forces PossibleOne: Deployment Order
Military Assistance for Civil DisturbancesMilitary Assistance for Civil Disturbances
ROE RESPONSIBILITIES
CJCS - Establishes SROE and delegates ROE for specific operation to Supported CINC
Supported CINC - Sets ROE for specific operation and holds unit commanders responsible for training, implementation, and control
Unit Commanders - Train and implement ROE
Individual - Every individual is responsible for knowing ROE and taking appropriate action
Military Assistance for Civil DisturbancesMilitary Assistance for Civil Disturbances
FUNCTIONAL RULES FOR ROE
Hostility Criteria
Scale of Force/Challenging Procedure
Protection of Property and Foreign Nationals
Weapons Control Status/Alert Conditions
Arming Orders
Military Assistance for Civil DisturbancesMilitary Assistance for Civil Disturbances
RULES OF ENGAGEMENT
Found in DOD Civil Disturbance Plan and CDRFORSCOM Civil Disturbance Plan
Restrictive And Detailed
Application Of Force
Troop Orientation
GARDEN PLOT
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PROBABLE BUILD-UP SCENARIO
Local and State police unable to maintain order National Guard placed on State Active Duty
(Active component resources may be loaned to the National Guard for use during MACDIS operations [10 USC 372-4])
Support requested from Federal law enforcement agencies
Request for active Federal military forces
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DECISION SEQUENCE
RequestsTaskingCoordination
President
USJFCOMUSJFCOM
Director of Director of Military SupportMilitary Support
AttorneyAttorneyGeneralGeneral
CJCSCJCSJSJS
Executive AgentExecutive Agent(SecArmy)(SecArmy)
JTF-250/MDWJTF-250/MDW
FORSCOMFORSCOM
Presidential Directive or
ExecutiveOrder
Senior Civilian Senior Civilian Representative of the AGRepresentative of the AG
GovernorGovernor
SecDefSecDef
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USJFCOM CIVIL DISTURBANCE PLAN2502-97
COMFORSCOM organizes, trains and maintains one Division Ready Brigade per CONUS Army CorpsIII CorpsXVIII Corps
DRB serves as CONUS Quick Reaction ForceAlert StatusTrained & Equipped
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CORPS TASKS
Nominate Commander CDTF = BG/MG Establish CDTF Headquarters Maintain Quick Reaction Force (Brigade)
Personnel Strength (Min - 1,210, Max - 2,150)Conduct Annual Training24 Hour Alert Status
Maintain 1500 Sets Riot Control Equipment
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EXECUTION Deployment
Responsibility of supported CINCUSCINCTRANS is ‘master coordinator’Supported CINC prioritizes unit movement
EmploymentJTF Commander controls operationsCINC resources / directsExecutive Agent directsOperations defined by / in support of DOJ
RedeploymentResponsibility of supported CINC
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PRELIMINARY ACTIONS
Alert Order
Increase in CIDCON
Designation of JTF Commander
Designation of forces
JTF Commander reconnaissance
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CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONSHIP
Coordination
MissionGuidance
Command
OperationalControl
Senior Civilian Representative of
the Attorney General
Senior Civilian Representative of
the Attorney General
Attorney GeneralAttorney General
Commander in ChiefU.S. JF Command
Commander in ChiefU.S. JF Command
JTF-MDWJTF-MDW
CommanderForces
Command
CommanderForces
Command
Secretary of DefenseSecretary of Army
Secretary of DefenseSecretary of Army
FBIFBI
CJCSCJCS
CORPS Commander
CORPS Commander
JTF-250JTF-250
Director OfMilitary Support
Director OfMilitary Support
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SUMMARY
Legal Requirements and Restrictions Established Specific Forces On Alert Key Considerations Identified
Integration with local/state/federal law enforcement
Rules of Engagement Force Protection
DCO/EPLO Involvement Probable
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QUESTIONS?