Milestones of the “group Migeotte” lab. _______________________ 1950 M. Migeotte first measurements at the Jungfraujoch1956 International Geophysical Year1958 Installation of the large prism-grating spectrometer1963 Double pass on the grating 1965 new way to compute Fourier transforms : FFT is known 1965 Installation of double pass at Kitt Peak solar spectrometer1966 First digital computer – DDP 2241967 New Telescope 1969 First Balloon Flight – 27 flights (until 1993) 1970 ASPEN Meeting on Fourier Spectroscopy1973 Installation of a stepping FTS at the coude focus

1977 Atlas with J. Brault and L. Testermann1978 Modification of that home-made instrument into a fast scanning one1984 First high resolution FTS spectra, high S/N ratio1989 We become the “Alpine Station” within the NDSC, for FTIR1989 We dismantle the grating Spectrometer1990 Installation of the BRUKER 120 HR1990 Farewell of our DDP 224.

1950First measurements

Methane

Columbus, grating

Jungfraujoch, grating

Jungfraujoch, FTS

Citation MM

1956 - International Geophysical Year

1958 - Installation of the large prism-grating spectrometer

1963 - Double pass on the grating

Inside the spectrometer : the grating

• 1956 M. Migeotte, L. Neven and J.W. Swensson : The Solar Spectrum from 2.8 to 23.7 microns. Analog data.

+ table of Measures and Identifications (1957).

• 1963 L. Delbouille, G. Roland : The Solar Spectrum from 7498 to 12016 Å + table of Measures and Identifications J.W. Swensson,

W.S. Benedict, L. Delbouille, G. Roland (1970). Analog data.

• 1973-1988 L. Delbouille , L. Neven, G. Roland : Photometric Atlas of the Solar Spectrum from 3000 to 10,000 Å . Digital data.

• **1981 L. Delbouille, G. Roland, J.W. Brault and L. Testermann : Photometric Atlas of the Solar Spectrum from 1,850 to 10,000 cm-1

• **1994 C.B. Farmer, L. Delbouille, G. Roland and Ch. Servais : The Solar Spectrum between 16 and 40 microns.

** recorded with Fourier Transform Spectrometers, digital data.

Atlases

(1965)

(1969)

(1969)

(1971)

(1972)

(1977)

(1977)

(2001)

1965 Installation of double pass at Kitt Peak

1966 First digital computer – DDP 224

1967 Newtelescope

Freons and Ozone

1974 Publications of Molina and Rowland, Stolansky and Cicerone.

1975 first identification of HF absorption in balloon spectra.

1977 confirmation of the possibility to observe it from the Jungfraujoch.

The observations for the solar “visible” Atlas being complete, the spectrometer is equipped with a grating for longer wavelengths.

The “atmospheric” measurements now have priority.

HF line recorded with the grating

spectrometer

Freon 12 from 1951

to 1986

NDSC – NDACC sites

Molecules identified in high-resolution solar infrared spectra

H2O, CO2, CH4, N2O, CO, O3, NO, NO2, HNO3, HNO4,

CFCl3, CF2Cl2, CHF2Cl, CH3Cl, CCl4, CF4, HCl, HF, ClONO2, COF2, SF6,

C2H2, C2H6, C2H4, OCS, HCN, H2CO2, H2CO, CH3OH, N2 …

Many isotopic forms of H2O, CH4, O3, HCl…

N2O

(E1

8)

3.63.73.83.94.04.14.24.3

O3 (E

19

)

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

NO

2 (E

15

)

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

NO

(E1

5)

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

HN

O3 (E

16

)

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

ClN

O3 (E

15

)

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

HC

l (E

15

)

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

CALENDAR YEAR

90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10

HF

(E1

5)

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

NDACC-RELATED MEASUREMENTS AT THE J UNGFRAUJ OCH

CO

LU

MN

AB

UN

DA

NC

E (

mo

lec.

/cm

2)

Bruker IFS 120 HR in 1990

YEAR

1983.0 1986.0 1989.0 1992.0 1995.0 1998.0 2001.0 2004.0 2007.0 2010.0

Tot

al C

olum

n A

bund

ance

(x1

015 m

olec

./cm

2 )

0

1

2

3

4

5

6 Inorganic chlorine aboveJungfraujoch

Hydrogen chloride (HCl)

Chlorine nitrate (ClONO2)

Inorganic chorineJune to Novembermonthly means

1951.0 1986.0 1989.0 1992.0 1995.0 1998.0 2001.0 2004.0 2007.0 2010.0

VER

T. C

OLU

MN

(x 1

019 m

olec

./cm

2 )

2.1

2.2

2.3

1951.0 1986.0 1989.0 1992.0 1995.0 1998.0 2001.0 2004.0 2007.0 2010.0

VER

T. C

OLU

MN

(x10

18 m

olec

./cm

2 )

3.7

3.8

3.9

4.0

4.1

4.2

1951.0 1986.0 1989.0 1992.0 1995.0 1998.0 2001.0 2004.0 2007.0 2010.0

VER

T. C

OLU

MN

(x10

21 m

olec

./cm

2 )

4.9

5.1

5.3

5.5

1951.0 1986.0 1989.0 1992.0 1995.0 1998.0 2001.0 2004.0 2007.0 2010.0

VER

T. C

OLU

MN

(x10

13 m

olec

./cm

2 )

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

11.0

12.0

13.0

4.35

3.49 0.0

1.68 COLUMN IN 1950-51

COLUMN IN 1950-51COLUMN IN 1950-51

COLUMN IN 1950-51

KYOTO-PROTOCOL RELATED MEASUREMENTS AT THE J UNGFRAUJ OCH

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Methane (CH4)

Nitrous Oxide (N2O) Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6)

University of Liège / 01-Dec-2011kyoto_sp_2010.jnb_g1 CALENDAR YEAR

CALENDAR YEAR

1986.0 1989.0 1992.0 1995.0 1998.0 2001.0 2004.0 2007.0 2010.0

CO

LU

MN

AB

UN

DA

NC

E (

x1015

mol

ec./c

m2 )

1

2

3

5

6

7

8

CFC-12

HCFC-22

CFC-11

Pressure normalized monthly meansJune to November monthly meansPolynomial fit to filled datapointsNPLS fit (20%)

CFC-12, -11 and HCFC-22 above Jungfraujoch