milestones of data visualisation on a 4-quadrant diagram · buildingtheanalytical framework from...
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Milestones of data visualisation on a 4-quadrant diagram
Ana Alexandrino da Silva
7th May 2019 – Stories of data session
http://graficosemapas.wordpress.com
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2Ana Alexandrino da Silvahttp://graficosemapas.wordpress.com | [email protected]
BIOGRAPHY:
11 years in Statistics Portugal
11 years in Cohesion funds strategic monitoring and cevaluation
Book about Graphics andc Maps
4 years teaching data visualization in Postgrad Program in Lisbon
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3Ana Alexandrino da Silvahttp://graficosemapas.wordpress.com | [email protected]
“Those who don’t know history are doomed to repeat it”
Michael Friendly
Quote from a keynote at the Rostock Retreat on data visualizationin the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research
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4Ana Alexandrino da Silvahttp://graficosemapas.wordpress.com | [email protected]
To learn more about data visualization history www.datavis.ca/milestones
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Building the analytical framework● From simple to complex● Why a spiral and not a circle
Seeing the history repeating itself● Before the 16th century there where few examples● Most of the charts were created in the “golden age of graphics” ● Computers put an end to the “modern dark age” of graphics?● Are we back to the modern golden age of graphics? ● What’s next?
5Ana Alexandrino da Silvahttp://graficosemapas.wordpress.com | [email protected]
Index
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6Ana Alexandrino da Silvahttp://graficosemapas.wordpress.com | [email protected]
Horizontal axisLevel of complexity of the graphics
Simplegraphics
Complex graphics
ISOTYPE – International System Of Typographic Picture Education 1925-1934
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7Ana Alexandrino da Silvahttp://graficosemapas.wordpress.com | [email protected]
What does it mean?Simple versus complex graphics
Dimensions Examples of simple versus complex
Number of visual variables applied Color versus Color+Size+Shape
The visualization needs a legend Without legend versus with legend
Graphical skills Unused to graphics versus with graphical literacy
Level of Detail Sketch versus meticulous drawing
Level of Abstraction Concrete versus Abstract
Level of conventional encoding Culturally Intuitive versus Cultural codification
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8Ana Alexandrino da Silvahttp://graficosemapas.wordpress.com | [email protected]
Vertical axisLevel of complexity of the concepts portrayed
Complex concepts
Simple concepts
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9Ana Alexandrino da Silvahttp://graficosemapas.wordpress.com | [email protected]
What does it mean?Simple versus complex concepts
Dimensions Examples of simple versus complex
Number of variables portrayed Univariate vs multivariate
Relation between variables Without vs with Correlation
Level of education or qualification of the audience Low qualified vs high qualified readers
Open-minded / the ability of being ahead of time Classic vs Innovative
Level of subjectivity of the concepts Objective vs Subjective
Close to reality – everyday life Intuitive versus needs theoretical description
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10Ana Alexandrino da Silvahttp://graficosemapas.wordpress.com | [email protected]
Quadrants
Simple visualizations showing complex concepts
Elaborated visualizations
Simple visualizations Not so easy visualizations showing simple ideas
Complex graphics
Simplegraphics
Complexconcepts
Simpleconcepts
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11Ana Alexandrino da Silvahttp://graficosemapas.wordpress.com | [email protected]
Technological evolution
Ancienthieroglyphics Press
Computer
World WideWeb
Multi Devices
XV century 1800+ 1975+ 2000+
Widespread use
Technological development
Linoleum-cut
300 b.C. 1900+
Lithography
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12Ana Alexandrino da Silvahttp://graficosemapas.wordpress.com | [email protected]
Quadrants & the Technological Evolution
Greatertechnologicaldevelopment
Greatertechnologicaldevelopment
Multi Devices
Lessertechnologicaldevelopment
Quill pen
Pencil
Greatertechnologicaldevelopment
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13Ana Alexandrino da Silvahttp://graficosemapas.wordpress.com | [email protected]
Introducing the tech evolution into this analytical frameworkchanges an continuous circle into na upward spiral
Complex graphics
Simplegraphics
Complexconcepts
Simpleconcepts
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14Ana Alexandrino da Silvahttp://graficosemapas.wordpress.com | [email protected]
Introducing the tech evolution into this analytical frameworkchanges an continuous circle into na upward spiral
Complex graphics
Simplegraphics
Complexconcepts
Simpleconcepts
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Building the analytical framework● From simple to complex● Why a spiral and not a circle
Seeing the history repeating itself● Before the 16th century there where few examples● Most of the charts were created in the “golden age of graphics” ● Computers put an end to the “modern dark age” of graphics?● Are we back to the modern golden age of graphics? ● What’s next?
15Ana Alexandrino da Silvahttp://graficosemapas.wordpress.com | [email protected]
Index
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16Ana Alexandrino da Silvahttp://graficosemapas.wordpress.com | [email protected]
Before the 16th centurythe earliest days of the data visualization
Complexconcepts
16thcentury
Simple graphics Complex graphics
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17Ana Alexandrino da Silvahttp://graficosemapas.wordpress.com | [email protected]
16thcentury
Hieroglyphs – Ancient Egypt, by 300 BC
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18Ana Alexandrino da Silvahttp://graficosemapas.wordpress.com | [email protected]
16thcentury
Tree of knowledge – Raymond Lulle, France, 1295
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19Ana Alexandrino da Silvahttp://graficosemapas.wordpress.com | [email protected]
After the 16th centurywithout Da vinci, Descartes or Mercator, it could have started much later
Complexconcepts
Simple graphics
17thcentury
16thcentury
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20Ana Alexandrino da Silvahttp://graficosemapas.wordpress.com | [email protected]
Rectangular Coordinate System – Leonardo da Vinci, 1500
16thcentury
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21Ana Alexandrino da Silvahttp://graficosemapas.wordpress.com | [email protected]
17thcentury
Analytical Geometry – René Descartes, France, 1637
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22Ana Alexandrino da Silvahttp://graficosemapas.wordpress.com | [email protected]
18th – 19th centuriesNew graphic forms and early modern graphics (the Golden Age)
Conplexconcepts
Simpleconcepts
18thcentury
19thcentury
Simple graphics
Simple graphics
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23Ana Alexandrino da Silvahttp://graficosemapas.wordpress.com | [email protected]
18thcentury
19thcentury
Commercial and Political Atlas – William Playfair, England, 1786
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24Ana Alexandrino da Silvahttp://graficosemapas.wordpress.com | [email protected]
18thcentury
19thcentury
Statistical Breviary – William Playfair, England, 1801
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25Ana Alexandrino da Silvahttp://graficosemapas.wordpress.com | [email protected]
18thcentury
19thcentury
The clusters of cholera cases in the London epidemic of 1854 – John Snow, England, 1855
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26Ana Alexandrino da Silvahttp://graficosemapas.wordpress.com | [email protected]
18thcentury
19thcentury
Napoleon's disastrous losses suffered during the Russian campaign of 1812 – Charles Minard, France, 1857
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27Ana Alexandrino da Silvahttp://graficosemapas.wordpress.com | [email protected]
End of the 19th century – early 20th centuryThe highest growth of graphic literacy and information socialization
Simpleconcepts
Simpleconcepts
Complex graphics
20thcentury
Complexconcepts
Simple graphics
Simple graphics
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28Ana Alexandrino da Silvahttp://graficosemapas.wordpress.com | [email protected]
20thcentury
Parade of Statistical Graphs – New York, USA, 1913
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29Ana Alexandrino da Silvahttp://graficosemapas.wordpress.com | [email protected]
20thcentury
Museum of Social Statistical Graphics and the ISOTYPE system(International System of Typographic Picture Education)
– Otto Neurath, Vienna, 1927
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30Ana Alexandrino da Silvahttp://graficosemapas.wordpress.com | [email protected]
20thcentury
Map of London’s Underground Railways – Harry Back, London, UK, 1933
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Between the 2nd WW and 1970 or the “Modern dark ages”, when graphics became difficult to read & to find
31Ana Alexandrino da Silvahttp://graficosemapas.wordpress.com | [email protected]
20thcentury
Simpleconcepts
Complex graphics
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32Ana Alexandrino da Silvahttp://graficosemapas.wordpress.com | [email protected]
Diagramming variables in more than 3 dimensions – Edgar Anderson, USA, 1957
20thcentury
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33Ana Alexandrino da Silvahttp://graficosemapas.wordpress.com | [email protected]
The reorderable matrix – Jacques Bertin, France, 1967
20thcentury
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34Ana Alexandrino da Silvahttp://graficosemapas.wordpress.com | [email protected]
Before the 21st centuryComplexifying statistics visualizations: multivariate but harder to read
Complexconcepts
21stcentury
Complex graphics
Complex graphics
Simpleconcepts
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35Ana Alexandrino da Silvahttp://graficosemapas.wordpress.com | [email protected]
21stcentury
Chernoff faces – Herman Chernoff, USA, 1973
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36Ana Alexandrino da Silvahttp://graficosemapas.wordpress.com | [email protected]
21stcentury
Box plot – John W. Tukey, USA, 1977Image from Exploratory Data Analysis, John W. Tukey (1977)
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37Ana Alexandrino da Silvahttp://graficosemapas.wordpress.com | [email protected]
21stcentury
3Dimension charts
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38Ana Alexandrino da Silvahttp://graficosemapas.wordpress.com | [email protected]
Beginning of the 21st century – nowadaysThe modern golden age of graphics
Complexconcepts
Simple graphics
Simple graphics
21stcentury
Complex graphics
Simpleconcepts
Simpleconcepts
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39Ana Alexandrino da Silvahttp://graficosemapas.wordpress.com | [email protected]
21stcentury
Gapminder– Ola Rosling, Anna Rosling Rönnlund and Hans Rosling, Stockholm, Sweden, 2005
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40Ana Alexandrino da Silvahttp://graficosemapas.wordpress.com | [email protected]
21stcentury
Google maps – USA, 2005
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41Ana Alexandrino da Silvahttp://graficosemapas.wordpress.com | [email protected]
21stcentury
Better life index (OECD 50th Anniversary)– Stefan Moritz, Berlin, Germany, 2011
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42Ana Alexandrino da Silvahttp://graficosemapas.wordpress.com | [email protected]
21stcentury
Circular plot showing migration flows between 50 countries in 2005-10– Nicola Sander, Austria, 2014
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43Ana Alexandrino da Silvahttp://graficosemapas.wordpress.com | [email protected]
21stcentury
Iraq: tem years since the invasionGraphic: Paul Scruton. Data: Simon Rogers, Mona Chalabi, Mehdi Atmani,
The Guardian, 2013
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44Ana Alexandrino da Silvahttp://graficosemapas.wordpress.com | [email protected]
21stcentury
Cover mania – Michele Mauri– Information is Beautiful prize winner, 2012
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45Ana Alexandrino da Silvahttp://graficosemapas.wordpress.com | [email protected]
21stcentury
Heat map – Number of Measles cases per 100,000 people,in the USA and the District of Columbia, in the 20th Century
– Tynan DeBold and Dov Friedman, 2015
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46Ana Alexandrino da Silvahttp://graficosemapas.wordpress.com | [email protected]
The future... ??More graphical literacy but less use: heading to a new dark age of graphics?Were are they shown? People will still use interative charts? ???
Simpleconcepts
Simpleconcepts
21stcentury
Simple graphics Complex graphics
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Milestones of data visualisation on a 4-quadrant diagram
Ana Alexandrino da Silva
7th May 2019 – Stories of data session
http://graficosemapas.wordpress.com