migratory movements in spain, catalonia and … · madrid, catalonia, basque country, valencia:...
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MIGRATORY MOVEMENTS IN SPAIN, CATALONIA AND BARCELONA
Prepared by: Núria Salvador, Paula Díaz, Laura Alcalá, Paula Saloni and Flors RieraOral exposition by: Mariona Martínez, Oriol Gaviño, Laura Herrero, Sara Bouzas and Pol GonzálezTeachers: Anna Garcia and Carles Ogalla
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Content
Introduction (Paula Díaz, Oriol Gaviño)
Spain (Paula Saloni, Pol Gonzàlez)
Catalonia (Flors Riera, Mariona Martínez)
Barcelona (Laura Alcalá, Sara Bouzas)
Conclusion (Núria Salvador, Laura Herrero)
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What else..?
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GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION
Capital: Madrid
Languages: Spanish (Castilian), Catalan (regional), Basque (regional), Galician (regional)
Area: 504,782 km²
Population (2017): 45.925.380
Population density: 91.3 inhabitants per km²
Immigration exterior: 417.033 Emigration exterior: 327.906
South West of Europe
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Spain
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LOCATION AND COLONIAL DIVERSITY➔ Its geographical location and history are
crucial in the migratory phenomenon.
➔ Have converted Spain into a country with a big cultural diversity.
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MIGRATIONS
INTERNAL EXTERNAL
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INTERNAL MIGRATIONRural migration: population moves from the field to the city.
They moved to:- Catalonia- Basque Country- Madrid- Valencia
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INTERNAL MIGRATIONRest of Spain: low farming productions and unemployed people.
Madrid, Catalonia, Basque Country, Valencia: industrial provinces and they need people for work cheaper
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INTERNAL MIGRATION
Years 1797 1857 1877 1887 1900 1910
Spain 10.541.865 15.544.340 15.354.345 17.534.416 18.594.405 19.927.150
In Spain from 1950 to 1981 the growth of population was 9.624.688.
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EXTERNAL MIGRATIONSpain was a country that in the 90’s had a bad development in the industry compared with the rest of Europe.
United KingdomFranceGermanyBelgiumNetherlandsSwitzerland
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EXTERNAL MIGRATION
Spanish Civil War (1936-39)- America and Europe (France, Switzerland and Germany)
Basically, they moved when the economy of Spain was bad, and the other European countries had a good economic life and also jobs.
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Catalonia
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Catalonia
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MOST IMPORTANT HISTORICAL Periods AND MIGRATION:1- Until XIX century
2- 1877-1900
3- 1900-1936
4- 1936-1939 (Spanish Civil War)
5- 1939-1959
6- 1960-1975
7- 1980-2005
8- 2006-2018
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Until XIX century
Catalonia land of emigration.
In Catalonia: movement from the field to the cities (urbanisation).
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1877-1900First immigration movements from
Spain (Valencia and Aragon) to Catalonia.
In Catalonia: continuation of the movement from the field to the cities.
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1900-1936In Catalonia, cities are growing because
of urbanisation. For example: Barcelona, Girona or Sabadell.
Immigration from Valencia, Aragon, Murcia and Almeria.
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1936-1939 (Spanish Civil War)
Civil war refugees moving from Spain to Catalonia (min. 200.000)
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1939-1959Civil war refugees escaping to France.
Approximately 60.000 catalan refugees.
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1939-1959: POST-CIVIL WAR (FRANCO)situation in Catalonia● Politically repressed.● Economical and social problems.● Rationing and black market.● Hunger and illness.
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1939-1959Immigration from Spain (Andalusia) to Catalonia’s industrial cities.
Consequences:
● Growing industry.● Franco closes borders.● Government control
people’s movement.● Life in shacks.
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1960-19751. Less control of movementa) From Spain to catalonia.b) From Catalonia to Europe
(France, Germany, Switzerland)
2. Immigration to Catalonia: during the 60’s 72.000 yearly.
Consequences:
1. Baby boom.2. Industrial
development in Catalonia.
a)Construction.
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From the 80’s - 20051. Firsts arrival of people from North Africa and South America.2. Less arrival of people from Spain.3. Continuous migration to Europe.
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2006-2018: Economical Crisis1. International immigration
increases: coming from South America and Eastern Europe.
2. Emigration from Catalonia to Europe (Germany, United Kingdom….).
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Barcelona
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Barcelona
1915-1930
2 out of 3 immigrants
+ 386.482 immigrants
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1930
Most populated city40% of all Catalonia
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1960
People from Andalucia and Extremadura
People from rural areas in Catalonia Increasing depopulation
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Creation of shacks (really modest houses)
Deficit in education and healthcare
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1980Immigrants of other countries
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2001-2015-2017Top Manta
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Sub-saharian areas
Iraq
Syria
Afganistan
Refugee crisis
Children25%
Adult males58%
Adult female17%
By Sexes & Ages
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THE ENDThanks for your attention!