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Migration within a country: Causes, consequences and

management.

The movement of people from the countryside to towns and cities is called rural – urban migration. Rural urban migration leads to the growth in town and cities. This movement of people leads to urbanisation. Urbanisation – when a growing proportion of a country’s population lives in cities.


Lesson Objective:

Some will explain the causes of rural - urban migration in Kenya and what are the effects on the city of Nairobi? Most will describe the causes of rural - urban migration in Kenya and understand what Shanty Towns are. All will identify the causes of rural - urban migration in Kenya.


!  What is the global pattern of urbanisation?

!  Why is urbanisation happening in LEDCs?

!  What problems do LEDC cities face?

!  What are the solutions?

!  How does land use vary in an LEDC city?

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Study the table.

Which parts of the world are experiencing the most rapid growth in their populations?

What is urbanisation?

% 1950

1990

2001

2025

World

MEDC

LEDC

The world is becoming mostly urban.

58

83

56

30

53

17

45

74

34

48

76

41


Where are the world’s largest cities?

There are 17 megacities in the world – these are cities with a population of over 10 million.


Where are the world’s largest cities?

The United Nations estimate that by 2015 the number of megacities will have increased to 21!

Describe the distribution of megacities in 2000. How does this compare to 2015?

new megacities are shown in orange







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Describe the pattern of growth of Nairobi since 1901.

Focus on Kenya


Why is urbanisation occurring so rapidly?


This is the movement of people from the countryside to the city. It is influenced by PUSH and PULL factors.

Rural-urban migration







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Life in Nairobi


Life in Nairobi

•  There are rich and poor people living in Nairobi. •  There are a lot more poor people living in Nairobi

than rich.


The Rich •  The rich people in Kenya live very close to the

____ centre. •  Their houses are ______ with luxuries such as air

conditioning and a bathroom with a _______. •  They work in well paid ____ in big _____ in the city

centre and send their children to private schools.

WORD BANK Modern City Jobs Shower Businesses


The Poor •  Many newcomers to Nairobi arrive with no ____

and are forced to live in a Shanty ______. •  Shanty towns are very basic towns built out of

basic _________. •  They often don’t have _______, medical

facilities, sewers and running ______ facilities. WORD BANK:

WATER MATERIALS SCHOOLS JOBS TOWN


Over 60% of Nairobi’s population live below the poverty line. Over 500 000 people live in Kibera which is a shanty town on the Southern edge of Nairobi opposite the Motoine River.

Problems facing LEDC cities

A shanty town is a spontaneous settlement that is often built illegally on unused land along roadsides or on the edge of a city.


A Shanty town in Nairobi - Kiberia

http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_7200000/newsid_7206000/7206083.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&ms3=6&ms_javascript=true&nol_storyid=7206083&bbcws=2


The advantages of the living in Kibera Even the informal sector in many shanties pays more money than being a farmer in the rural areas and is seen as better than the life of a landless peasant farmer. Growth of urban areas eases the pressure on the rural area so there are more jobs available and less people to feed.


Disadvantages of growth of Kibera The high expectations of life in urban areas are not fulfilled. They do not usually have the skills needed to carry out the well-paid jobs in the cities. Therefore they do not have enough money to buy a home or to go back to the rural area. Shanty towns become the residence of many. These are small, makeshift homes with one or two rooms only. They are made of wood, corrugated iron and cardboard found lying around the area. The shanty town have little electricity or clean running water. The rivers running through the city are polluted with sewage and waste from the shanty town. Agricultural production in rural areas might decrease as so many of the young adults have moved away


Kibera is SW of the city centre

There is a marsh and river to the

south

A railway line runs through the

shanty town

Kibera is heavily polluted by soot,

open sewage routes, human

and animal faeces and dust

Poor nutrition and lack of sanitation

accounts for many illnesses

1/5 of the 2.2 million Kenyans living with HIV live in Kibera.


A Shanty town in Nairobi - Kiberia

•  Kiberia is 6km from the ____ centre. •  There is only one basic school and most people

can’t read or _____. •  They have no sewage system so it runs in ditches

between _______. This causes lots of _______ in the wet season.

•  A lot of people collect ________ waste material to sell it and earn some ______.

WORD BANK

Write Money City Illness Houses Recyclable


IGCSE-Geography-Edexcel - sanitation.flv

Poor Sanitation







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The Kenyan government is concerned about the growth of illegal settlements, but it is not practical to evict all the people as the scale of the problem is too big.

What could be done in Kibera?

Rubbish in Kibera

Is there a solution?


Peepoo Project

IGCSE-Geography-Edexcel - peepooproject.flv


Water Purification

IGCSE-Geography-Edexcel - water purification.flv


and self help groups.


Clearance The new apartments being built adjacent to Kibera On 16 September 2009 the Kenyan government, which claims ownership of the land on which Kibera stands, began a long-term movement scheme which will rehouse the people who live in slums in Nairobi. The clearance of Kibera is expected to take between two and five years to complete. The entire project is planned to take nine years and will rehouse all 2 million slum residents in the city. The project has the backing of the United Nations.

Kibera slum residents gear to move into new houses.flv


The Kenya Slum Upgrading Programme, which got underway in January 2003, will involve the construction of 14 blocks of flats and 770 housing units in Kibera. It will also ensure the provision of basic services such as water and sanitation.

COST = $1 billion

IGCSE-Geography-Edexcel - housing.flv


Kibera Community Youth Programme

Kibera is one of the largest slums in the world and as a

result it faces numerous problems of urbanization just as

any other city dwelling places There is no

proper planning

and most of the houses are built of

mud

The congestion of houses leaves no

space for disposal of refuse - Garbage is

thrown in the streets/ mounts of the garbage can be

seen in the area giving it an odourless

smell

There is no proper sewerage

management leaving the

surrounding in a filthy situation while posing a

health hazard to the residents of the

area

Irresponsible sexual behaviour is

rampant due to lack of knowledge amongst the youth

putting them at risk of being

infected by HIV/AIDS

KYCP work towards the formation of a theatre group and soccer team as a form of social responsibility. The two

will be used to sensitize Kibera youths and dwellers in general on the

dangers of drug abuse, illegal firearms, domestic violence, child

abuse and HIV/AIDS scourge

First public healthcare and HIV/AIDS programme in Kibera, Kenya

Kibera is one of the biggest slums in Africa with a population of over 600,000.

The new centre it will be the first to give residents direct access to the most basic public healthcare.

The centre will provide a full package of basic healthcare as well as comprehensive care for HIV/AIDS, with the programme including out-patient consultations, Mother and Child Healthcare (MCH), family planning, care for victims of sexual and gender based violence, as well as full and free access to HIV/AIDS treatment.







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How is Kibera attempting to improve life for the urban poor?

Why are some of the people not happy with the improvements?


The world is becoming mostly urban.

Urbanisation is now happening most rapidly in LEDCs.

There will be 21 megacities by 2015 – 16 of them in LEDCs.

Rural-urban migration is the result of push and pull factors.

Shanty towns are one problem resulting from rapid urbanisation.

It is difficult to manage rapid urbanisation.

The pattern of land use in LEDC cities is different to that of most MEDC cities.

Key ideas

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