MigrationIntro to Human Geography

Harpweek.com

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Objectives• Introduce relevant migration terminology• Consider the role of scale in analyzing migration

– focusing on International in class• Identify global migration patterns• Examine types of migration issues/patterns

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Migration

•A type of mobility▫Migration is a long-term or permanent move to

a new location▫Migration = relocation diffusion

Circulation - temporary, cyclical relocation•Emigration•Immigration

•Net Migration= # of immigrants - # of emigrants

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Scale: International migration▫Two types according to the book.

Voluntary Forced

▫According to the U.S. State Department, there were 43.7 million refugees in 2010.

▫Push and pull factors: Why do people move?Forced Migration Online

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Intervening obstacles

What kinds of barriers do people face during migration?

How have these changed with technology?

John Oxley Library, State Library of Queensland, Image number 168171.

http://pattyinglishms.hubpages.com/hub/Italian-Immigration-to-America-1850s

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Global Migration Patterns

Remember Distance Decay? -5

NYTimes Snapshot:Global Migration

Few migrants move large distances or outside the country, but if they do, it is likely to a big economic center.

GLORIOUS map from The International Organization for Migration!!

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Global migration patterns

•Net out-migration – Asia, Africa, and Latin America

•Net in-migration – North America, Europe, and Oceania

▫The US has the largest foreign-born population 40 million in 2010 Looking at 2013 data—1 in 5 international

migrants settles in the US.

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International Migration: The United StatesHistoric Migration: Dominated by Europeans

Lossing (3), Benson J. The History of the Civil War. New York: The War Memorial Association, 1912.

Kazuki Kobayashi dipity.com

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International Migration: United States

1950s to present

Population Reference Bureau

http://multiamerican.scpr.org/tag/migration-policy-institute/

Annual Number of Legal U.S. Immigrants by Decade and Region of Origin, 1960-2009

Authorized Vs. Unauthorized Immigration

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International Migration: US▫U.S. attitudes towards immigrants

Each wave of migrants has experienced distrust or racism.

Early 20th century see growth of Americanization programs

By 1970s see appreciation for “melting pot” and later “salad bowl”

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Case Study

•Hot Topic: Unauthorized immigration 2008 = estimated 11.9 million unauthorized/

undocumented immigrants About 5.4 percent of the U.S. civilian labor force Around 59 percent are undocumented

immigrants from Mexico

A House Divided over Immigration

Consequences of Alabama Immigration law set in

National Geographic

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Where do Immigrants Move?

What are the two most likely destinations for international migrants to the US?

NY Times Immigration Map Forbes Immigration Map

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International Migration: Latin America•Before 1950 a destination for immigrants,

since 1950 a region of net emigration.▫Caribbean has among the highest rates of

emigration▫Mexico is the leading source of migrants to the

US▫Push factors vary by country

▫Transnationalism: the maintenance of ties in more than country Remittances UNWomen Clip

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Remittances

Tripled since 2000! Remittances to middle and low income countries is triple what was received from foreign aid.

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Chain Migration

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International Migration: Europe• In the past a source of emigrants; today a net-

immigration location.▫Labor shortages▫Guest workers – receive permits for temporary

work.▫Migrants after end of communism.▫Refugee - someone who flees a country because

of safety or persecution.▫Asylum – protection from persecution.

•Population growth comes from migration, but anti-immigration feelings exist.

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Refugees: Sources and Destinations

Figure 3-2

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International Migration: Africa

•Historically influenced by a history of colonization.

•Brain drain – migration of skilled professionals to another country for more pay and better life.

•Conflicts have led to internally displaced persons – forced to leave home to another part of their country.▫Lost Boys of Sudan▫Migration for Development in Somalia

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International Migration: Asia

•The largest region of net-emigration▫Largely for work▫Guest worker programs

Attitudes toward guest workers Human Rights Organization Human Trafficking – use of force, violence, or

coercion to make people work.▫Largest source from Southeast Asia

•How can we use geography to understand this story?

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Review

•Understand major terms: immigration, emigration, net migration, circulation, voluntary and forced migration, push and pull factors.

•Take a look at each of the regions to understand what the broad patterns/trends are. Pay attention to words in bold or italics.

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http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/feb/16/egypt-population-explosion-social-unrest