midterm review
DESCRIPTION
General Physics. Midterm Review. Definition of Physics. Study of Energy and matter. SI Units. Mass – kilogram Time – seconds Length – meter. Metric Prefixes. Kilo --- one thousand (1000) Hecto --- one hundred (100) Centi --- one hundredth (.01) Milli --- one thousandth (.001). - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Midterm Review](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681576d550346895dc510c1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
MIDTERM REVIEW
General Physics
![Page 2: Midterm Review](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681576d550346895dc510c1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Definition of Physics
Study of Energy and matter
![Page 3: Midterm Review](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681576d550346895dc510c1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
SI Units
Mass – kilogram Time – seconds Length – meter
![Page 4: Midterm Review](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681576d550346895dc510c1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Metric Prefixes
Kilo --- one thousand (1000) Hecto --- one hundred (100) Centi --- one hundredth (.01) Milli --- one thousandth (.001)
![Page 5: Midterm Review](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681576d550346895dc510c1/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Significant Digits
10000 0.0000540 342.15 67.00 890.02
![Page 6: Midterm Review](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681576d550346895dc510c1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Significant Digits
Adding and Subtracting --- go by the lowest number of digits to the right of the decimal point
67.03 – 7.045 =
![Page 7: Midterm Review](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681576d550346895dc510c1/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Significant Digits
Multiplication and Division : go by the lowest number of sig. digits
(2.45 x 105)( 3.678 x 102)=
![Page 8: Midterm Review](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681576d550346895dc510c1/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Conversions
120 kg = ______ g 54 km = _______ mm 120 m/s = ______ km/hr 53 cm = ______ m
![Page 9: Midterm Review](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681576d550346895dc510c1/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Distance vs. Displacement Distance: scalar, add total
distance traveled Displacement: vector,
difference between starting and ending point
![Page 10: Midterm Review](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681576d550346895dc510c1/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Distance vs. DisplacementA person walks 10 m
north, 5 m south, then 2 m north.
What is the displacement?
What is the distance traveled?
![Page 11: Midterm Review](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681576d550346895dc510c1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Graphs (General)
Slope = vertical change / horizontal change
Independent variable – manipulated by the experimenter, on the x-axis
Quadratic graph – Parabola, smooth upward curve, y is proportional to x2
Inverse graph – hyperbola
Linear graph – straight line, y and x are directly proportional
![Page 12: Midterm Review](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681576d550346895dc510c1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Position-time graphs
Slope = velocity Constant velocity:
Constant acceleration:
![Page 13: Midterm Review](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681576d550346895dc510c1/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Position-time graph
At rest:
Slowing Down:
![Page 14: Midterm Review](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681576d550346895dc510c1/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Velocity-Time Graphs
Slope = acceleration Area under the curve = displacement
A = l x wA =1/2bh
Constant velocity:
![Page 15: Midterm Review](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681576d550346895dc510c1/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Velocity-time graphs
Constant acceleration:
![Page 16: Midterm Review](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681576d550346895dc510c1/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Velocity
V = d/t
![Page 17: Midterm Review](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681576d550346895dc510c1/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Acceleration
Change in velocity with time
a = Dv/Dt Vf = Vi + at
d = vit + 1/2at2
![Page 18: Midterm Review](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681576d550346895dc510c1/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
WGUMCD
At max height, velocity is 0
Vf = -Vi (Perfect Symmetry)
![Page 19: Midterm Review](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681576d550346895dc510c1/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Free Fall
Distance is proportional to t2
all objects accelerate at the same rate regardless of mass, if air resistance is ignored
![Page 20: Midterm Review](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681576d550346895dc510c1/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Vectors
Resultant vector – the sum of more than one vector, placed from the tail of the first vector to the tip of the last vector
A student walks 7 m east and then 5 m south, what is the displacement?
Reverse the direction of the initial vector when subtracting
![Page 21: Midterm Review](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681576d550346895dc510c1/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Component Method
X component = hcos Y component = hsin
![Page 22: Midterm Review](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681576d550346895dc510c1/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Newton’s First Law
Equilibrium – all forces on an object are balanced Fnet = 0object is at rest or moving with a constant velocity
![Page 23: Midterm Review](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681576d550346895dc510c1/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Newton’s Second Law
F = ma Increase acceleration:
decrease mass and increase Force
Weight: gravitational force exerted by a body
W=mg
![Page 24: Midterm Review](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681576d550346895dc510c1/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Newton’s Second Law
A snowflake falls with a force of 5 N downward, and experiences a frictional force of 2 N upward. What is the net force on the snowflake?
What must the frictional force on the snowflake be to make it move with a constant speed?
![Page 25: Midterm Review](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681576d550346895dc510c1/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Newton’s Second Law
A baseball player slides into second base with a force of 25 N and experiences a frictional force of 4 N. If the player has a mass of 60 kg, what is his acceleration?
![Page 26: Midterm Review](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681576d550346895dc510c1/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Newton’s Third Law
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
![Page 27: Midterm Review](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681576d550346895dc510c1/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Incline planes
Increasing the angle increases the acceleration and speed of an object
The parallel component of the force of gravity causes an object to slide down the incline plane
Fg = mg
Fg perpendicular = Fgcos
Fg parallel = Fgsin
![Page 28: Midterm Review](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681576d550346895dc510c1/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Incline Planes
FN = -Fg perpendicular
Fric = µFN
Fnet = Fric + Fg parallel
a = Fnet /m
![Page 29: Midterm Review](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681576d550346895dc510c1/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Projectile Motion (general) Motion in the horizontal
direction is independent of motion in the vertical direction
Velocity in the horizontal direction is constant
![Page 30: Midterm Review](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681576d550346895dc510c1/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Type I Projectile Motion
dy= 1/2gt2
dx= vxt
vfy = gt
![Page 31: Midterm Review](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5681576d550346895dc510c1/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Type II Projectile Motion
Range increases up to 450 (max range) and then decreases after that
Vix = Vi cos
Viy = Vi sin
Vfy = Viy + gt
dy = Viy t + 1/2gt2
dx = vxt
Vf = - Vi