middle east in 1970’s - 2000. iran – shi’ite reza pahlavi was shah of iran (monarchy)reza...
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MIDDLE EAST IN MIDDLE EAST IN 1970’s - 20001970’s - 2000
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IRAN – Shi’iteIRAN – Shi’ite
• Reza Pahlavi was Shah of Iran (monarchy)Reza Pahlavi was Shah of Iran (monarchy)– enjoyed “special privileges” as he was a friend enjoyed “special privileges” as he was a friend
of the US (military help, wealth, corruption)of the US (military help, wealth, corruption)
– Ayatollah Khomeini (Shi’ite leader)Ayatollah Khomeini (Shi’ite leader)
1979 ENDED monarchy – Shah flees Iran1979 ENDED monarchy – Shah flees Iran
NOT a friend to US, universities closed, less NOT a friend to US, universities closed, less rights for women, religion firstrights for women, religion first
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IRANIAN HOSTAGESIRANIAN HOSTAGES
• President Carter upset at the overthrow of President Carter upset at the overthrow of their long-standing allytheir long-standing ally
• Iran was now anti-Israeli, anti-AmericanIran was now anti-Israeli, anti-American
• Khomeini saw the US as “Great Satan”Khomeini saw the US as “Great Satan”
• Iranian radicals seized US embassy in Iranian radicals seized US embassy in Tehran: 52 hostages for 444 daysTehran: 52 hostages for 444 days
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IRAQ & IRANIRAQ & IRAN
• Saddam Husain leader of Iraq – tried to Saddam Husain leader of Iraq – tried to topple Iran – afraid of Shi’ite takeovertopple Iran – afraid of Shi’ite takeover
• Iran had American weapons (Shah days) Iran had American weapons (Shah days) ag. Iraq Soviet weaponsag. Iraq Soviet weapons
• US sent Saddam weapons SECRETLY to US sent Saddam weapons SECRETLY to fund the Contra war against Sandinista fund the Contra war against Sandinista government in Nicaraguagovernment in Nicaragua
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IRAQ WARIRAQ WAR
• Saddam Husain invades KuwaitSaddam Husain invades Kuwait
• Kuwait is an ally of US and oil producerKuwait is an ally of US and oil producer
• US gets into conflict in 1991 – winsUS gets into conflict in 1991 – wins
• Saddam stays…2003 US goes to war Saddam stays…2003 US goes to war again: terror groups, defiance of UN, WMDagain: terror groups, defiance of UN, WMD
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AFGHANISTANAFGHANISTAN
• Soviets vs.Afghanistan in 1979…a Soviets vs.Afghanistan in 1979…a communist regime needs supportcommunist regime needs support
• US, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan is paying, US, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan is paying, supplying and training ANTI-communist supplying and training ANTI-communist forces in Afghanistan…early TALIBANforces in Afghanistan…early TALIBAN