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Middle Ages Why were the Middle Ages so dark?

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Page 1: Middle Ages Why were the Middle Ages so dark?. Fall of Rome

Middle Ages

Why were the Middle Ages so dark?

Page 2: Middle Ages Why were the Middle Ages so dark?. Fall of Rome

Fall of Rome

Page 3: Middle Ages Why were the Middle Ages so dark?. Fall of Rome

Charlemagne crowned 800 CE

Page 4: Middle Ages Why were the Middle Ages so dark?. Fall of Rome

Charl

em

agne

Page 5: Middle Ages Why were the Middle Ages so dark?. Fall of Rome

Ag Rev 1050-1200

Heavy Plow

3 Field System crop rotation

Use of iron and horses

Page 6: Middle Ages Why were the Middle Ages so dark?. Fall of Rome

William Conqueror 1066

Battle of Hastings

Page 7: Middle Ages Why were the Middle Ages so dark?. Fall of Rome

Seljuk Turks 1071

Muslim Turks begin the process of defeating Byzantine Empire

Page 8: Middle Ages Why were the Middle Ages so dark?. Fall of Rome

First Crusade 1096

Page 9: Middle Ages Why were the Middle Ages so dark?. Fall of Rome

Spain Reconquista

Page 10: Middle Ages Why were the Middle Ages so dark?. Fall of Rome

Magna Carta 1215

King John I

Monarchs were not above the law – not tax arbitrarily

Parliament established under Edward I - 1272

Page 11: Middle Ages Why were the Middle Ages so dark?. Fall of Rome

Mongols in Kiev

Page 12: Middle Ages Why were the Middle Ages so dark?. Fall of Rome

100 Years War 1337

Page 13: Middle Ages Why were the Middle Ages so dark?. Fall of Rome
Page 14: Middle Ages Why were the Middle Ages so dark?. Fall of Rome

Feudalism

Page 15: Middle Ages Why were the Middle Ages so dark?. Fall of Rome

Feudalism

Social

Economic

Political

Page 16: Middle Ages Why were the Middle Ages so dark?. Fall of Rome

Ag Rev is a game changer!

Page 17: Middle Ages Why were the Middle Ages so dark?. Fall of Rome

Effects of Ag Rev

Surplus means need a place to sell =

Revival of cities/townsGrowth of trade

Bourgeoisie, Burgher, Burgess

Page 18: Middle Ages Why were the Middle Ages so dark?. Fall of Rome

Craft Guilds

Associations of skilled craftsmen organized by trade

Standardized prices

Regulated training

Modern labor unions

Page 19: Middle Ages Why were the Middle Ages so dark?. Fall of Rome

Merchant Guilds

Regulated trade byTaxing non-members to discourage competitionParticipated actively in local governmentFunctioned as social clubs

Page 20: Middle Ages Why were the Middle Ages so dark?. Fall of Rome

Role of Church

Most powerful institution of in medieval western Europe

Used excommunication to keep people in line

Responsible for education

Page 21: Middle Ages Why were the Middle Ages so dark?. Fall of Rome

Black Death

Page 22: Middle Ages Why were the Middle Ages so dark?. Fall of Rome

Why so deadly?

1/3 of population

Great famine – more susceptible

Move to cities – overcrowded

Cities lack modern sanitation

Lack of medical knowledge to treat

Page 23: Middle Ages Why were the Middle Ages so dark?. Fall of Rome

Effects of Black DeathP – Rents down – new taxes and laws restricting Peasants – Statute of Laborers 1351

R – Jews targeted, pop shift – killed off generation of workers

I – YOLO vs more pious living - flagellants

D – attempts to shut Europe off from spread of plague

E - Rise in prices, workers could demand better wages, opportunities in towns and cities

Page 24: Middle Ages Why were the Middle Ages so dark?. Fall of Rome

Hundred Years War

1337-1453

England vs France

England – victor until 1429

Joan of Arc

Page 25: Middle Ages Why were the Middle Ages so dark?. Fall of Rome

Effects of WarPolitical instability

English Parliament gains influence

France remained divided – Burgundians

Economic drain on both – taxation

Nationalism develops from hating the opposition for 100 yrs

Change in warfareNew weapons – professional armies = breakdown feudalism

Page 26: Middle Ages Why were the Middle Ages so dark?. Fall of Rome

Challenges to RCC

Avignon Papacy (1309 – 1376) Babylonian Captivity

Great Schism (1378 – 1417)Council of Pisa 1409

Council of Constance 1414-1418

Conciliarists

John Wyclif

Jan Hus

Page 27: Middle Ages Why were the Middle Ages so dark?. Fall of Rome

Social TrendsPeasant Revolts

Jacquerie 1358 in France oppressive taxation

English Peasants’ Revolt 1381 – wage freeze

Ethnic tensionIrish discriminated by English

Vernacular Literature provides literacy and unifying force


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