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MIDDLE AGES / PRE-RENAISSANCE

Middle Ages (AKA medieval times) 500 AD/CE – 1500 AD/CECivilization’s “mid-life crisis” – transition from ancient to modern

AD 500 1000 1500 2000 fall of Rome Renaissance

Early Middle Ages (500-1000 AD) known as the Dark AgesBest known for 1. feudalism

2. rise of the Catholic Church

Feudalism – social system based on 1. birth2. land3. loyalty

Most people lived on estates called manors

Kings/lords

Lesser lords

Knights

Peasants/serfs

Feudal contract – agreement between a lord (who gave land) and a vassal (who gave loyalty/service)

Development of chivalry(code of conduct for knights)

10% of Europe’s population were nobles/lords, 90% peasants/serfs

Average life expectancy was 30 years – concern with afterlife

Catholic Church survived the fall of Romeunifying element in Europe (one common factor)acted as the “go-between” for man and Goddetermined salvation

What was required for salvation? 1. faith in God2. good works

Weekly/daily mass sacraments tithing relicsAttendance at Church

Required rituals(baptism, confession)

10% of income pledged to the Church

Remains of saints, holy objects)

Relationship of the Church to feudal lords/kingschurch provided blessing and support for the ruling classeslords/kings collected tithes, provided protection for the Church

Later Middle Ages (1000 AD-1500 AD)Major events/changes 1. Crusades 3. Magna Carta

2. town life 4. Black Death

1096-1204 Crusades (wars of the cross) main issue (cause) control of Holy Land/Jerusalemmain result increased travel/trade between east, wes

Town life population shift to towns/cities – trade opened upsocial mobility ( chance to move up in class)rise of the bourgeoisie 1. merchants

2. bankers3. artisans/craftsmen

1215 Magna Carta (Great Charter) – signed by England’s King John3 essential ideas 1. even kings must follow the law

2. listing of individual rights3. taxation must be fair

1348 The Black Death (bubonic plague) bacteria transmitted by flea bites

Carried on trade ships by rats20-25 million killed – about 1/3 of Europe's population

The Renaissance (about 1350-1650)1. “rebirth” of classical ideas (

)2. remix of classical ideas into modern life

What made the Renaissance possible?

1. Trade between Europe and the Middle East

2. Rise of the bourgeoisie

3. New ways to spread ideas

Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy?

1. 2. 3. 4.

What ideas were at the center of the Renaissance?

Humanism Humanities

CHECKPOINTS 1-1: THE RENAISSANCE IN ITALY (pp. 48-54) Name__________________________________ 

What were the main characteristics of the Renaissance?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Why was Italy a favorable setting for the Renaissance?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

How were Renaissance ideals reflected in the arts?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

How did Renaissance writings express realism?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Feared

Loved

Hated

If you’re Machiavelli’s Prince, where do you want to be? Why?

Rate the zones from 1-5, 1 being the best, 5 the worst

CHECKPOINTS 1-2: THE RENAISSANCE IN THE NORTHpp. 56-59Name_______________________________________

What was the impact of the printing press?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What themes did Northern Renaissance artists express?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What Renaissance ideas did Shakespeare’s work address?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

DEMAND FOR ART CAME FROM:

• the Catholic Church -- decoration of chapels and cathedrals; illustration of Bible stories and teachings

• city-states -- display of civic pride

• middle classes -- display of wealth; portraits for future generations

NEW MEDIUMS AND TECHNIQUES

PAINTING

• change from watercolor and tempera to oil paints

• perspective -- illusion of 3-dimensional quality

• chiaroscuro -- use of “lighting” effects

SCULPTURE

• return to “free-standing” statues

• larger scales of sculpture and architecture

WOODCUT PRINTS and ETCHINGS

• allowed fine art to be mass-produced

SUBJECTS/THEMES of RENAISSANCE ART

RELIGION -- interpretations of Bible stories

Madonnas -- images of Mary, mother of Jesus

Pieta (Pity) -- images of the death of Christ

saints and other religious figures

HUMANISM -- Greco-Roman styles and stories

allegories -- symbolic works

portraits -- individual

genre painting -- everyday life

RENAISSANCE ART AND ARTISTS

RENAISSANCE ART CHECKLISTWORLD HISTORY -- Mr. Willis Name _____________________________ EARLY RENAISSANCE – most art was religious in nature and told stories Sandro Botticelli (1445-1510) Donatello (1386-1466)  ___ The Birth of Venus, 1485 ___ St. George, 1417

___ Gattamelata, 1448___ David, 1452

 HIGH RENAISSANCE – more classical / humanist ideas, studio system developed, bigger scale Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio) (1483-1520)  ___ Mona Lisa (La Giaconda), 1504 ___ St. George and the Dragon, 1505 ___ The Last Supper, 1500 ___ La Belle Jardiniere, 1507 ___ various notebook sketches ___ The School of Athens. 1507-1511

___ Baldassare Castiglione, 1504 Michelangelo Buonaroti (1475-1564)  ___ Pieta, 1498 ___ Medici family tomb, 1520-1534 ___ David, 1504 ___ The Last Judgment, 1536-1541 ___ Sistine Chapel vault (ceiling), 1508-1512 ___ St. Peter’s Basilica dome, 1546-1564 ___ Moses, 1513 ___ The Deposition of Christ, 1550-1555 NORTHERN RENAISSANCE – realistic portraits; very detailed; symbolism and social comment Jan van Eyck (1370?-1440) ___ The Arnolfini Wedding, 1434 Albrecht Durer (1473-1528) Pieter Breughel (the Elder) (1525-1569)  ___ Self-portrait at 28, 1500 ___ The Peasant Wedding, 1567 ___ A Young Hare (watercolor), 1502 ___ Hunters in the Snow, 1565 ___ The Four Horsemen (woodcut), 1498 ___ The Beggars, 1548 ___ The Bagpiper (woodcut), 1514 Rembrandt van Rijn (1606-1668) Hieronymus Bosch (1450-1516)  ___ Philosopher in Meditation, 1632 ___ Death and the Miser, 1485?-1490? ___ Self-portraits, 1630s-1680s ___ The Ship of Fools, 1490?-1500? ___ The Three Crosses (etchings), 1653 ___ The Last Judgment, 1500s