Acknowledgement

• NEWCASTLE SUPERVISOR: DR. MEHMET R. YUCE• PSB SUPERVISOR: MR LEE CHIN KANG

We would like to take this opportunity to express our gratitude to many individuals who have given us a lot of support for this project.

Agenda

• Project Objectives• Project Outcome• Development of Temperature Sensor Node• Development of Pulse Rate Sensor Node• Development of Central Control Unit (CCU)• Loop Antenna Design and Results• Firmware Design• Software Design• Conclusion• Future Development

Project Objectives

• To research, design and develop a BSN that comprises of several sensor nodes to monitor the vital signs of human and transmit wirelessly to the CCU for data display and storage. – Wireless Transmission of data via the MICS band for a

range of 1~2 meters.– Battery operated, power efficient and light-weight.– Sensor nodes to extract accurate information from

human body.– User Graphic Interface (GUI) to create database,

display and store results.

Project Outcomes

• Hardware Temperature Sensor Node, Pulse Rate Sensor Node and CCU are designed and fabricated on Printed Circuit Boards (PCB). Wireless Transmission of data via 402MHz (MICS band) with a range of 1~2 m with low power transmission mode. Battery operated using 2 coin batteries and maximum operating hours for worst case mode is 4.5 hours. Light-weight BSN with maximum 40 grams including batteries.

Project Outcomes

• Software

GUI successfully created and able to display real- time data and store data in a database. Firmware completed for Temperature Sensor

Node, Pulse Rate Sensor Node and CCU

• Technical Paper A paper was prepared for submission for ICC 2007, Smart Technologies for Tomorrow

under Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Network.

Development of Temperature Sensor Node

• Building Block of Temperature Sensor Node

TempSensor

ADC PIC16F877Microcontroller

3 to 5 VLevel shifter

AMISTransceiver

Development of Temperature Sensor Node

• Temperature Sensor (Prototype 1)

• Temperature Sensor (Final)

PCB Design of Sensor Nodes

MCU and Level Shifter

Power Management

AntennaTransceiver and

matching cct.

Connector to Sensor

Temperature Sensor Node

Battery Lifespan Calculation (Live-Monitoring Mode)

• 5V Device~ PIC16F877 (MCU) 15mA~ SN74LVC4245A (Level Shifter) 1.5mA~ LM35DZ (Temperature Sensor) 60uA

Total: 17mA

• 3.3V Device~ AMIS-52100

(Transceiver) 25mA~ SN74LVC4245A (Level Shifter) 1.5mA

Total: 26.5mA

Total maximum current consumption of Temperature Sensor Node: 43.5mA

Battery rating: 560mAH Therefore, the battery can last, 560/43.5 = 12.9 hours for Live-Monitoring Mode

Development of Pulse Rate Sensor Node

• Building Block of Pulse Rate Sensor

PulseRate

SensorLNA Filter ADC PIC16F877

Microcontroller3 to 5 V

Level shifterAMIS

Transceiver


• Pulse Rate Sensor (Prototype 1)

• Pulse Rate Sensor (Final)


• Pulses captured at the pulse detector stage.


• Op-Amp stage (Simulation)

• Op-Amp stage (Actual)

Pulse Rate Sensor Node


• 5V Device~ PIC16F877 (MCU) 15mA

~ SN74LVC4245A

(Level Shifter) 1.5mA

~ LM358 (Op-amp) 1.2mA

~ SFH487

(Infrared Emitter) 80mA

~ SFH309FA (Phototransistor) 1.5mA

Total: 99.2mA

• 3.3V Device~ AMIS-52100

(Transceiver) 25mA

~ SN74LVC4245A

(Level Shifter) 1.5mA

Total: 26.5mA

Total maximum current consumption of Pulse Rate Sensor Node: 126mA Battery rating: 560mAH Therefore, the battery can last, 560/126 = 4.44 hours for Live-Monitoring Mode

Development of CCU

• Building Block of CCU

AMISTransceiver

PIC16F877Microcontroller

3 to 5 VLevel shifter

Rs232Level shifter

PCB Design for CCU

Antenna

Power Management

MCU and Level Shifter

RS232 Cct


• 5V Device~ PIC16F877 (MCU) 15mA

~ SN74LVC4245A (Level Shifter) 1.5mA~ DG9415DQ

(Selector) 2uA

~ MAX232AESE 10mA Total:

27mA

• 3.3V Device~ AMIS-52100 (Transceiver) 10mA~ SN74LVC4245A (Level Shifter) 1.5mA

Total: 11.5mA

Total maximum current consumption of CCU: 38.5mA

Battery rating: 560mAH Therefore, the battery can last, 560/38.5 = 14.55 hours for Live-Monitoring Mode

BSN Total Costing

• Temperature Sensor Node: USD57.05

• Pulse Rate Sensor Node: USD58.95

• CCU: USD61.19

• Accessories: USD10

Total: USD187.19

Loop Antenna Design and Results

• Loop Antenna design was reference from AN868 from Microchip, Designing Loop Antenna.

• Some formulas used were entered into an excel sheet for easy calculation.


• Sensor Node Loop Antenna Design

C28 tunes the input impedance of the Loop Antenna while C29 and C30 tunes the resonant frequency of the Loop Antenna.


• Sensor Antenna S11


• CCU Loop Antenna Design


• CCU Antenna S11


• Gain Measurement of Loop Antenna was reference to Free Space Path Loss Formulae.

Pr = Received Power (dBm)Pt = Transmit Power (dBm)Gt = Transmitter Gain (dB)Gr = Receiver Gain (dB)

λ = wavelength (m)R = Range (m)

Π = 3.142


CCU Antenna Gain Measurement


Sensor Antenna Gain Measurement

Transmit Power Vs Range

Transmit Power Vs Range

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

-24.000 -23.000 -22.000 -21.000 -20.000 -19.000 -18.000 -17.000 -16.000

Transmit Power (dBm)

Ran

ge

(m)

Data Format• Different types of data are using for Sensor nodes, CCU and GUI

• To provide more reliable and error free wireless system

Data Conversion Conversion Methods

8 bit integer to character fputc( )Character to Float float_variable = (((float)char_variable)); String to double (for Visual C++) Double::TryParse(string, double_variable)Double to Integer (nearest estimation) integer_variable=double_variable

8 bit Integer

Character

Float String Double

Integer

8 bit Integer

8 bit Integer

Data

Address

Sensor Node CCU CCU PC PC PC

8 bit Integer

Purpose

To Store ADC value

To receive 8 bit data

To CalculateTemperatureTo CalculateTemperature

To DisplayIn text box

To StoreData

To DisplayGraph

Firmware Design

C Program Script file

CCS C compiler

MPLAB IDE V7.31

ICD2 Programmer

Firmware Design, Development and Implementation

• High-level C programming Language is used

• CCS C compiler is used for compiling

• MPLAB IDE V7.31 is used as emulator

• ICD2 Programmer is used for program downloading

Central Control Unit (CCU) Firmware Architecture

• Communication with PC using RS232

• Communication with AMIC transceiver using I2C• Data Multiplexing between PC and Sensor nodes using selector IC

• Error free Address and Data Polling from sensor nodes

• Calculation for Actual Temperature using conversion factor• Timing controlling during data and address polling for different sensors

Selector IC

AMIS5210

RX/TX

74LVC4245

3V/0V

PIC16F877

MAX232

5V/ 0V

RX/TX

-8V/+8V

RX/TX

5V/ 0V

• Two way serial link and one way wireless link

• RS232 is communication media for serial link

• RF media is for wireless link

Baud Rate 9600

Number of bits 8

SPRG Value (Decimal) 31

SPRGH Value 0

Fosc 20 MHz

Percent Error (%) 1.73

Parity N

Transmit PIN ( PIC16F877) C6

Receive PIN ( PIC16F877) C7

Operating Frequency 403.5 MHz

TX output power +12dbm

RX sensitivity -117dbm (min)

Data rate 1 to 8 Kbps

Fosc 20 MHz

Modulation ASK/OOK

Crystal Start time 15 us

PLL lock time <50us

Data Filter Up to 20 kHz

RS 232 Serial link RF link

Communication Scheme

Communication Protocol Architecture

PC CCUTemperatureSensor node

Pulse RateSensor node

Send a Character

Send Address

Send Data

Send Address

Send Data

Send Address

Send Address

Send Data

Send Data

Send Data

Send Data

CCUTemperatureSensor node

Pulse RateSensor node

1 or 2 or 3 or 4

Start Start Start

Rcv num1 or 2 or 3 or

4

Idle

1 or 2

Chk num

Send Add

Send Data

Rcv Add

Rcv Data

Valid Add

3 or 4

Rcv Add

Rcv Data

Valid AddSend Data

PC

Start

Chk button

Send num

Rcv Data

Send Data

Idle

Send Data

Send Add

State Diagram and Logic Connection

Time

Temperature

SensorAdd Data

Pulse RateSensor Add Data Add Data

1000 200 300 400 500 Time (ms)

Add Data Add Data

RF Link Package Format

• 8 bits of address followed by data is transmitted

• Different addresses (ID) are used for sensor nodes

Firmware interface for Sensor Node (ADC Portion)

• PIC microcontroller built in ADC module is used

• Temperature sensor is operating in 8 bits mode• Pulse rate sensor is operating in 10 bits mode• A/D clock 625 kHz is used by setting divisor to 32

• A/D Resolution for Temperature Sensor

• A/D Resolution for Pulse rate Sensor

11

Calculation for Actual Temperature using conversion factor

• Temperature calculation is done at Central Control Unit

• LM35DZ is giving an output of 10 mV per Degree Centigrade

• 8 bit ADC Is using and 10mV is corresponds to 1°C

• Temperature calculation and data conversion to float in C program

Software DesignSoftware Architecture and Implementation

• Data entry for patient particulars

• Graphical User Interface interaction

• Data acquisition from sensor nodes

• Data storage for partient particular, diagnosis and medical information

• Real time data display

Application Software • Microsoft Visual C++ 2005 Express edition

• Installer 1.0.5

• Microsoft Platform SDK (Visual C++ 2005 Express edition)

• Microsoft .net frame work

Required Platforms

Graphical User Interface Interaction

Data entry for patient particulars

Data Acquisition • Initiated by GUI ( presssing Get Display button)

• Event handler program execute

• Initialized serial communication (RS232 link)

Data Storage• Doctor incharge Patient’s particular,

Diagnosis and Medical information can be stored

• All data are stored in text file (small in size)

• Auto file naming system

************************************************ THE UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE **** Final Year Project **** Body Sensor Network **** Remote Health Monitoring System ************************************************Date & Time: 08/12/2006 4:00:09 AM ---------------------------------------------- Patient's Particular ----------------------------------------------Patient Name: Myo Naung LwinID/Passport Number: S7779190FAge: 29Sex: MaleHeight: 1.8mWeight: 70kgDiagnosis: Project Headache!! ---------------------------------------------- Patient's Medical Information ----------------------------------------------Body Temperature: 35.36Body Temperature: 35.36Body Temperature: 35.36Body Temperature: 35.36Body Temperature: 35.36Body Temperature: 35.36Body Temperature: 35.36Body Temperature: 35.36Body Temperature: 35.36Body Temperature: 35.36

Pulse Rate:66Pulse Rate:66Pulse Rate:66Pulse Rate:66Pulse Rate:66Pulse Rate:66Pulse Rate:66Pulse Rate:66Pulse Rate:66Pulse Rate:66

patient’ s name and date of data saving)

• Real time temperature can be stored

• Real time pulse rate can be stored

• Data storage is done at PC

( file name is generated according to

Data Display• Professional quality graph display• Scaling has been done to suit for human body temperature and pulse rate

ConclusionThere has been increased interest in wireless recording and monitoring real-time physiologic parameters (e.g. ECG, EEG, EOG, EMG, Neural, Blood Flow, Blood Pressure etc.) from a patient body in medical environments among researchers in the last decades medical environments among researchers in the last decades.

With the advanced wireless technology, the healthcare can now be wireless.

This project gives us a great experience in this up-coming trend and put us in an advantage of becoming the frontier in this new technology.

Unlimited experiences were gain throughout the project development.

New skills such as PIC programming, loop antenna design, multi-layer PCB design, Visual C++ and many more were picked up during the project.

ConclusionWe learned that Project Management is a key element to determine the success of a project.

With the experience gain in this project, we are confident that we can overcome any work-related problems in the future and solve them systematically.

Future DevelopmentThere are other Human Vitals Signs such as Blood Pressure, Oxygen saturation, etc to be explored and research to incorporate into the Body Sensor Network Project.

The 2nd RF link from CCU to Nurse Station or Data collection center can be implemented into the BSN.

The Sensor nodes and CCU PCB size can be reduced further to make the product more commercialized.

The current microcontroller size is too big. Consider a small size MCU and the overall size of both the Sensor Nodes and CCU will reduce greatly.

Change the microcontroller to a 3V microcontroller. This will save up a level shifter IC and a 5V regulator. Make the entire circuit run in 3V and therefore a single 3V power will be sufficient.

Design the Sensor Nodes to send data at intervals so as to save on power consumption of the battery.

mics band wireless body sensor network

Design