microwave yig

the complete microwave solution

1274 Terra Bella Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043Tel: 1.800.832.6869 or +1.650.962.6944 Fax: +1.650.962.6845www.teledynemicrowave.com [email protected]

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OFOISR App 06-S-1942

YIG Product Introduction

HistoryFerretec was incorporated in the State of California in October 1981. Since its first shipments in early 1983, Ferretec YIG products, part of Teledyne Family serves the microwave community with state-of-the-art tunable YIG filters, oscillators, harmonic generators, and subsystems.

In January 2004, Ferretec YIG Product line was acquired by Teledyne Technologies and became part of Teledyne Microwave. In March 2004 Ferretec moved to the newly renovated 100,000 square-foot facility in Mountain View, California. The facility layout was designed to optimize manufacturing flow and to allow for future capacity and new product development. An automated microwave integrated circuit laboratory containing special environmental controls and chip handling equipment produces MIC circuits for the Ferretec YIG-tuned oscillator product line.

FacilitiesCustomized test stations and detailed test procedures have been developed to test microwave components as well as driver and control circuits for standard and special design assemblies. Select-at-test resistors are specified by computer, and a custom test data sheet is generated that includes the complete Bill of Materials and the specific test parameters for the individual board. Microprocessor-con-trolled temperature test chambers are available for testing, burn-in and tempera-ture cycling. Vibration equipment aids in stress-screening of both commercial and military products.

PhilosophyA major goal of Ferretec YIG Products is to reduce manufacturing labor input while maintaining stringent quality standards. Teledyne Microwave is certified to ISO-9001 and ISO-14001.

The first product line introduced by Ferretec Products was closed-loop YIG filters, which are trademarked Ferretrac® This product, described in detail in this catalog, is based upon Ferretec patents. Customers include many key U.S. defense contractors such as BAE, LOCKHEED-SANDERS, ITT AVIONICS, RAYTHEON, NORTHROP

Customized test stations and detailed test procedures have been developed to test microwave components as well as driver and control circuits for standard and special design assemblies.

“A major goal of Teledyne YIG Products is to reduce manufacturing labor input while maintaining stringent

quality standards”

GRUMAN, and many international defense contractors. This technology is also being used by a variety of U.S. Government facilities and international-based companies. In 1984, Ferretec was awarded a contract by ITT Avionics to develop an integrated closed-loop receiver front-end for an update of the ALQ172 EW equipment on the B-52. Ferretec has shipped over 1800 of these fully milita-rized subsystems which employ Ferretrac® filter technology.

Teledyne’s YIG Products supplies both closed- and open-loop YIG filters, YIG


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Oscillators, YIG-tuned harmonic genera-tors, and YIG-based integrated receiver front-ends/tuners. Analog and digital drivers are available for all Ferretec YIG products.

ExperienceAll of Teledyne’s YIG products combine advanced technology and state-of-the-art performance with sophisticated manufac-turing techniques to ensure consistently high quality.

Teledyne products has extensive experi-ence in the design, manufacture, and management of large military and com-mercial programs. Engineering expertise in the integration of microwave compo-nents with analog and digital control cir-cuits, combined with a highly productive manufacturing organization, has resulted in the selection of Ferretec Products by major defense systems companies both domestically and internationally for high-volume production programs.

All of Teledyne’s YIG products combine advanced technology and state-of-the-art performance with sophisticated manufacturing techniques to ensure consistently high quality.

QualityTeledyne products are organized to sup-port government programs from the pro-gram management office through to the quality organization. QUALITY is not just a word or procedure, but rather the planned result of a Ferretec Products team committed to excellence and customer satisfaction. This results in commitment to our customers, at every level. From sales and engineering through manu-facturing, quality is the responsibility of everyone within the Teledyne Microwave organization.

Why Choose Teledyne?Teledyne Microwave has approached the YIG component market with innovative design and manufacturing technology aimed at providing a family of products suited to the level of integration the customer desires for an optimum systems solution.

FiltersThe RF Circuit and electromagnet. The customer provides the necessary current drive to tune the filter. These filters include either bandpass or band-reject types.

OscillatorsUltra low phase noise broadband Oscillators. Can be provide with and without driver.

Filters with Analog Drivers

An accurate and sta-ble voltage-to-current converter (drive) is in-tegrated with the filter so that a linear voltage ramp tunes the filter.

Filters with Digital Drivers

Allows tuning directly from your system con-troller or computer. A digital-to-analog con-verter (DAC), either serial or parallel, is added to the driver.

Closed-Loop Filters

A discriminator and loop circuit provide the capability to lock the filter to an RF reference such as a receiver local oscil-lator. All tuning er-rors are removed as a result. These include Ferretrac® closed-loop filters.


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YIG Filters

Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG) filters have been used in military systems and com-mercial test equipment for over 30 years. The extremely high unloaded “Qu” of the YIG sphere (approximately 10,000) makes it an ideal choice as the frequency-deter-mining element for these electronically tunable filters. Their excellent linearity, low insertion loss, and broadband tuning characteristics are ideal for applications in the 0.5-40 GHz frequency range. Bandpass filter applications include pre-selectors for radar warning and ELINT (Electronic Intelligence) receivers in the EW (Electronic Warfare) arena and spectrum analyzers in the microwave and commercial test equipment industry. Band-reject filter applications include “notching out” a particular signal for ESM and ECM systems, and rejecting signals in commercial test equipment measurement set-ups.

YIG is a ferrite material that resonates at a precise frequency when placed in a mag-netic field. The frequency of resonance is directly proportional to the strength of the applied magnetic field. The high reliability of YIG devices is excellent for military applications. Their low loss, wideband tuning, and excellent linearity characteristics make them ideal for com-mercial test equipment applications such as sweepers, synthesizers and spectrum analyzers.

What is a YIG Filter?A “YIG Filter” is an electronically tuned filter whose center frequency can be varied by changing the magnetic bias applied to a resonator. Often, filter resonators are realized using YIG material, although YIG doped with other substances such as Gallium or crystals of Lithium-Ferrite or Nickel-Zinc are also widely used to satisfy various requirements. Equipped with integrated drivers (voltage-to-current or digital word-to-current converters), these filters combine many sophisticated technologies, including crystal physics, magnetics, and analog and digital design.

Introduction

YIG Filters with low loss, wideband tuning, and excellent linearity characteristics make them ideal for commercial test equipment applications


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Using the highest level of technology and manufacturing expertise is not enough. We support our customers from pre-liminary design through installation. Teledyne Microwave provides solutions to customer requirements in three key areas:

Technical SupportTechnical Notes with detailed discussions of various aspects of YIG filter perfor-

Providing Customer Solutionsmance, including tuning errors, driver stability, and tuning speed.

Discussion prior to proposal ensures that we offer a solution that will work in the system and is producible at the rates required. Our engineering personnel are available to answer customer questions as they arise.

Technical Proposals detail our solution so that all system options are clear.

Technology FeaturesIn addition to the three key areas men-tioned above, Teledyne Products believes our level of technology distinguishes us from other YIG vendors. Some of the key technology features of Teledyne’s YIG filter products include:

Proprietary Coupling Loop TechnologyBoth band-reject and bandpass filters are designed using Teledyne’s proprietary coupling loop technology. This CAD technique entails extensive modeling and characterization of the filter circuit at the onset of the design phase. Using modified filter modeling software, coupling coef-ficients are generated that precisely define coupling loop properties and relationships in the filter itself.

These coefficients are set by Teledyne Products technicians who align the filters using vector network analyzers to make minute adjustments to match the comput-er designed coupling bandwidths. The net result is a final set of coupling coefficients that precisely match the characteristics of the filter to the customers’ requirements.

As figure 1 shows, the coupling in a band-pass filter varies with tuned frequency, even if the structures and resonators are

perfectly realized. The external bandwidth is continuously varying with frequency. Coupling bandwidth changes with fre-quency cause filter bandwidth growth and poor VSWR as the tuned frequency in-creases. This results in degraded rejection at key frequencies, such as the LO and image frequencies of a superheterodyne receiver, and increased mismatch loss and ripple in the filter passband.

Teledyne proprietary loop technology reduces coupling bandwidth changes thus minimizing bandwidth growth, and optimizing input match. This means better control of spurious responses, im-proved sensitivity, flatter group delay, and enhanced control of noise bandwidth in receiver applications.

Among the benefits of using this technol-ogy in designing YIG filters:

• The RF behavior of the filter can be precisely controlled via its cou-pling loop characteristics. In par-ticular, bandwidth growth, input and output VSWR, and bandwidth can be precisely set to meet system requirements. Spurious responses are controlled and minimized using these techniques.

• Filter performance, from unit to unit, is replicated on a consistent basis.

• Large quantities of filters can be pro-duced to support customer produc-tion requirements since Teledyne’s technology lends itself to efficient manufacturing and results in YIG filters that are inherently manufac-turable. This is in contrast to the “empirical” method that the majority of YIG manufacturers use today, in which a filter is simply built up and “tweaked” until the desired perfor-mance is achieved.

Wide Instantaneous BandwidthsVariations in group delay in the front-end of modern communications systems, with their complex modulations and dense channel spacing, cause degradation measured as increased bit error rates and higher noise power ratios. The complex-ity of the modulation alone requires even wider instantaneous bandwidths. Teledyne’s improved designs reduce mis-match effects and reduce delay distortion due to crossing modes in the resonators, and offer the widest bandwidths available for communications applications. In addi-tion, Teledyne’s 6-stage, or more, produc-

Customer ServiceFeedback on delivery and technical prog-ress during the design and manufacturing periods after order placement.

Stringent Quality AssuranceAll Teledyne components and subsystems are designed, built and screened with the highest quality standards available in the industry. Teledyne Microwave is certified to ISO-9001 & ISO-14001

Figure 1. Teledyne loop technology reduces coupling coefficient variations

Interstage Coupling

Coefficients

Input / Output CouplingCoefficients

BWe

Standard CouplingTechniques

New Teledyne CouplingTechniques

FrequencyFLow FHigh

Input Output

BWe

BWe

K12, K23, K34

K23

K23 K23

UNBALANCED BALANCED

Figure 2. Reduced leakage flux in balanced magnets improve leakage


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tion filters hold the line on selectivity without forcing a change in architecture to higher intermediate frequencies or to new conversion schemes. Wide bandwidth filter specifications may be found on pages 122.

Balanced Magnet StructureTuning a ferrimagnetic resonator over a large frequency range in the microwave region requires high magnetic fields. Over 6,400 Gauss are required to bias a YIG sphere to 18 GHz. This field must be uniform in the region of the sphere. In the absence of magnet saturation, a linear current in the coils of the electromagnet produces a linear field in the magnet gap. However, as Figure 2 shows, leakage flux (flux that does not bias the sphere) will cause tuning non-linearity. This leakage flux is considerably more pronounced with “single ended” magnets than with the Teledyne “balanced” structure. Teledyne’s balanced magnet need not be increased in size to compensate for the leakage flux. Thus, for the same magnet volume, Ferretec can offer more linear tuning than devices employing single-ended magnets.

Technology Features

Temperature Compensated Magnet By compensating the magnetic field zero frequency drift is possible.

Ferrimagnetic spherical resonators, prop-erly positioned in the magnetic field, are extremely well behaved over a wide tem-perature range. Positioned on a particular axis, and temperature controlled by small heater elements, most materials experi-ence almost no drift.

Stabilizing the magnetic structure, how-ever, represents a much greater challenge. Gap changes as small as 3 millionths of an inch (.076 microns) at 18 GHz cause a 1 MHz shift in filter frequency. Uncompensated, a filter in a nickel-iron electromagnet will drift +11 MHz as the temperature is varied from -55 to +85°C, the MIL-E-5400, Class 11 temperature range. Ferretec magnets are temperature-compensated using uniquely shaped rings of a different metal both to compensate for the air gap changes in the magnet and to track the several resonators across the tuning range.

Moisture-sealed magnet structures for MIL environments without using paint or epoxy.

Since Teledyne filters contain no exposed active semi-conductors, they are basically passive components which need not be hermetically sealed. However, for most defense electronics applications, it is obvi-ously necessary to prevent moisture, dust, and salt atmosphere from entering the magnet and eventually causing corrosion which would lead to premature failure. Many manufacturers have resorted to ep-oxy and/or RTV potting and epoxy paints

to within .01% at a level of 900 mA. A driver, or voltage-to-current converter, must therefore have the capability to translate a specific voltage input to the required current, with high accuracy, over the life of the system.

Changes in the values of resistors, integrated circuits, and potentiometers over time degrade filter tuning accuracy. Teledyne has analyzed these aging effects in YIG filter drivers and has developed a highly stable circuit which minimizes aging. This requires the use of high-qual-

ity devices such as stable IC voltage references and low-drift operational amplifiers. In addition, this necessitates the use of a minimum adjustment range on the slope and offset potentiometers, and, in some cases, no potenti-ometers at all.

For MIL applications, all parts are selected from established reliability components or screened to equivalent requirements. More information on tun-ing errors in YIG filters is available in a compre-hensive technical note (see page 38). Driver specifi-cations can be found on page 24.

Closed-Loop YIG FiltersClosed-loop filters contain a patented locking circuit insuring unmatched tuning accuracy and repeatability in the harshest environments.

Regardless of the care taken in the design and manufacture of YIG filters, they are subject to tuning errors that cannot be predicted or controlled with open-loop correction schemes. Closed-loop filters

O-Ring SealsConnector Assembly

O-Ring SealsMagnet Cup

O-Ring SealsYIG Access Hole

Figure 3. Teledyne Magnet structure is moisture sealed with lifetime guarantee O-rings


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to accomplish this sealing. However, these methods do not stand up under the constant temperature cycling and vibra-tion experienced over an extended period of time.

Teledyne magnets are sealed without paint or epoxy. As Figure 3 shows, fluorosilicon O-rings are used to seal the unique three-piece magnet. These devices are guaranteed to maintain the seal for the lifetime of the filter. This gives the reliability engineer the confidence that a unit will not only pass the qualification

Technology Features

Ultra-stable driverStabilized driver circuits with the best available components for enhanced tuning accuracy over the life of the unit.

Given that typical filter bandwidths are often less than 0.1% suggests that setting them properly on frequency requires su-perior control of the magnet coil current. For example, if the tuning sensitivity of the magnet is 20 MHz/mA, setting the frequency to within 2 MHz at 18 GHz requires that the current be accurately set

receive a sample of RF power and use it to sense tuning errors, locking the filter to the RF sample. For example, a closed-loop preselector can be locked to a receiver local oscillator and offset by the IF frequency, insuring tracking under all conditions. A closed-loop filter can track a sweep oscillator or synthesizer to remove unwanted spurious and harmonic signals. A notch can be accurately positioned on an interfering signal to prevent it from blocking an EW receiver. For more infor-mation on closed-loop filters, see pages 9-18.

Filter CapabilitiesTuning Range

YIG devices offer tremendous flexibility in the choice of tuning range. Since the coupling coefficients in these inductively-coupled filters vary with frequency, the factors limiting tuning range are based on trade-offs involving input match, bandwidth growth, spurious responses, insertion loss, etc.

Bandpass filters can be made to tune ranges as broad as 20:1 with few com-promises in performance and even larger ratios with trade-offs depending on actual frequency.

Band-reject filters have a more narrow notch tuning range due to the inherent property of transmission line-type char-acteristics from only a few hundred MHz to over a 5:1 range. The passbands of these filters, however, can be made much broader, covering ranges similar to that of bandpass filters.

3dB

BA

ND

WID

TH (M

Hz)

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

FREQUENCY - AT LOW END OF TUNING RANGE (GHz)

425

450

475

500

525

0.5 20.010.08.06.04.02.01.0 40.0

MAX - ULTRA - WIDE BANDWIDTH

MAX - OCTAVE TUNING

MAX - MULTI +/- OCTAVE TUNING

MIN


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Filter Capabilities

Instantaneous BandwidthFigure 4 shows the wide range of band-widths Ferretec provides in bandpass filters. Both minimum and maximum achievable bandwidths are shown as a function of the minimum operating fre-quency of the filter.

Changes in the coupling coefficients occur with frequency, and result in the growth of the bandwidth near the high end of the

tuning range. Ferretec’s precisely designed structures and proprietary loop con-figurations minimize this growth while maintaining the best possible VSWR.

Figure 4. Range of 3dB bandwidths available in Teledyne bandpass YIG Filters


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Filter CapabilitiesSelectivity

Filter selectivity depends on the number of YIG resonators (stages) in the filter and

is nominally 6 dB per stage per octave bandwidth. Thus, for a four-stage filter, the rejection increases by 24 dB each time the band-width doubles (see Figure 5). The number of stages that can be built in a single filter is limited by the space under the magnet pole tips and the need to posi-tion the spheres for optimum coupling. Making the pole tips larger increases tuning coil inductance and slows magnet tuning speed. Bandpass filters are usually 2 to 7 stages and band-reject filters can be as many as 16 stages. The ultimate isola-tion of a particular filter also depends on the number of stages.

Spurious ResponsesSpurious responses originate from “mag-netostatic modes” wherein the precession of the electron spins in the ferrimagnetic material varies across the sphere, instead of being uniform as desired. These result in secondary resonances which may or may not be fixed in position with respect to the main resonance. They will appear either as ripples in the passband, or as isolated “bumps” in the off-resonance

region of the filter. Spurious responses which hold their relative position with respect to the desired filter response are termed “tracking modes” Those which

tune at a different rate than the desired response, and therefore, at some frequen-cies cross through the filter response, are termed “cross-ing modes”

Part of the art of the YIG filter construction consists of limiting the size of these spurious responses, and in controlling their position so as to keep them from appearing, for example, in bandpass preselectors just where local oscillator or image rejection is desired. The tracking spurious

response most often seen in band-pass filters is known as the “210 mode.” It is greatly suppressed by Teledyne’s propri-etary coupling loop technology but, in most cases, is somewhat less than the full off-resonance rejection of the filter. The location of this mode with respect to the passband depends mainly on the saturation magnetization of the ferri-magnetic resonator. For pure YIG (used in filters operating over 4 GHz), the 210 mode is 600 to 700 MHz below the filter response. For example, Gallium-doped YIG, used in filters with start frequencies of 2 GHz, have a 210 mode approximately 310 to 335 MHz below the filter response. In addition to the 210 mode, band-reject filters also demonstrate the 540 and 220 modes. These are tracking spurious modes which cause narrow notches in the filter passband, typically 4 dB deep. These are located above the main filter notch response by 75 to 350 MHz, depending on the ferrimagnetic material used for the resonators.

The following defines the component quality, inspection, and screening levels available with Teledyne filters or filters with drivers. Teledyne Microwave’s quali-ty system is registered to ISO-9001:2004.

Commercial (“C’ )1. Temperature cycling of filters from

-55°C to +95°C, non-operating, five cycles.

2. 100% Electrical Test at +25°C:

Tuning Range, Linearity, Bandwidth, Insertion Loss, Spurious & Ripple, VSWR, ORI & ORS RF, Limiting Hysteresis, Tuning Sensitivity, Heater Current, Bias Current (for Filter with Driver)

3. 100% External Visual Inspection

4. Operating temperature: 0°C to +60°C

Military (“M”)1. Temperature cycling of filters from

-55°C to +95°C, non-operating, five cycles per MIL-STD-202, Method 107D, condition A, except high temp. shall be +95°C.

2. 100% Electrical Test at +25°C:

Tuning Range, Linearity, Bandwidth, Insertion Loss, Spurious & Ripple, VSWR, ORI & ORS RF, Limiting Hysteresis, Tuning Sensitivity, Heater Current, Bias Current (for Filter with Driver)

3. 100% External Visual Inspection

4. Operating temperature: -54°C to +85°C

5. Filters are “O-ring” sealed

6. Printed circuit board assemblies are conformally coated to MIL-I-46058C.

Screening Levels

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1

2

403020

10

543

60

2-STAGE4-STAGE

6-STAGE

7-STAGE

Figure 5. Filter Selectivity

Ratio

of B

andw

idth

to 3

dB B

andw

idth

Attenuation (dB)


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Closed-Loop Bandpass Filters

IntroductionYIG filters have many inherent advan-tages such as wideband tuning, excellent linearity and low insertion loss. However, they also have static and dynamic tun-ing errors that can adversely affect their microwave system and measurement performance. These errors include hyster-esis, non-linearity, frequency drift over temperature, and aging of the components in the YIG driver circuitry. Regardless of the specific source, these tuning errors all produce the same net result: A decrease in the filters’ tuning accuracy and frequency repeatability.

While YIG filters have extremely good frequency linearity characteristics (less than ±20 MHz non-linearity over a 2 to 26.5 GHz tuning range, typically), when adding up other tuning errors such as hys-teresis (10 to 20 MHz) and temperature drift (10 to 20 MHz), the total frequency error can become significant. For certain

applications these tuning errors can be tolerated. In others, the tuning errors are corrected via software algorithms or computer-controlled correction schemes. However, the system complexity and increased processor demands of these additional correction schemes can make them a less desirable solution.

In contrast, the closed-loop filter corrects all YIG filter tuning errors, regardless of their origin, and does so in a self-con-tained package requiring only a coarse tuning signal and an “RF” reference. The closed-loop filter effectively consists of a YIG-tuned filter, a frequency discrimina-tor and a driver circuit to tune the filter’s center frequency. The output of the discriminator is an error signal that is fed back to the tuning coil driver, to provide the required correction of the filter’s center frequency. The net result is a YIG-tuned filter with a guaranteed frequency accuracy on the order of ±1 MHz relative

to the “RF” reference, and a frequency tuning repeatability of ±0.5 MHz.

Teledyne’s closed-loop YIG filter tech-nology has the advantages of precise frequency tuning, exact frequency repeat-ability and is self-contained, requiring no external system correction hardware or software.

Closed-Loop Filter Product LineFor the past 20 years, Ferretec has pro-vided a closed-loop solution in the form of the analog-tuned Ferretrac® filter. This unit has found wide-spread usage in both commercial and military systems, as part of a closed-loop subsystem, or on a stand-alone basis. On a single military program alone, over 1800 Ferretrac® filters were delivered and installed in the ALQ-172 ECM system.

Recently, Teledyne completed a technol-ogy advancement program which resulted in the development of a digital closed-loop filter product line. This unit enjoys the enhanced performance of closed-loop technology in a smaller, lighter pack-age that is digitally tuned. Together, the Ferretrac® and the digital closed-loop filter are the key components of Teledyne’s closed-loop product line.

The closed-loop filter corrects all YIG filter tuning errors, regardless of their origin, and does so in a self-contained package requiring only

a coarse tuning signal and an “RF” reference.


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Filter TechnologyEliminates System Compromise

When considering open-loop YIG tuned filters, the designer must often compro-mise system performance due to trade-offs in filter performance. Tuning errors inherent in the YIG device often require that the filter bandwidth be increased in an attempt to keep a minimum acceptable bandwidth on frequency, under all condi-tions. This necessitates compromises in system performance parameters, such as selectivity, image rejection, and passband ripple. Aging of the components may also require the end user to employ frequent and expensive field alignments, or to develop special calibration algorithms to maintain these filters on frequency.

Teledyne’s closed-loop filters contain a unique reference loop circuit that allows a tunable filter to be locked to an RF refer-ence signal (i.e., a tracking filter) or offset from the reference signal (i.e., an offset filter). All tuning errors are corrected by the loop gain. As a result, the designer can concentrate on specifying the opti-mum RF performance required for his design.

System SolutionsClosed-loop filters offer the system de-signer a complete solution to the electron-ically-tunable filter requirement.

The microwave filter, driver circuit (volt-age-to-current converter) for main filter tuning, and the closed-loop circuits are all contained in one compact assembly. A closed-loop filter needs only to be in-stalled and supplied with an RF reference signal and a tuning signal in order to im-mediately work to specification. No need to “tweak” drivers, program PROMs, or make readjustments in the field due to component aging.


Closed-loop filters are always on frequen-cy. No specifications are necessary for hysteresis, tuning non-linearity, tempera-ture drift, or post-tuning drift. They also lock onto the reference signal in a fraction of the time it takes open-loop filters to settle into the desired band-width. A “lock” indicator signal provides ongoing feedback that the filter is locked to the reference signal.

Teledyne has designed and specified closed-loop filters to address system and component requirements. The RF specifi-cations use classical filter parameters such as those traditionally used for fixed-tuned filters but defined for tunable system use. For example, RF bandwidth is specified

relative to the desired center frequency and rejection is specified at the image frequency and other pertinent spurious susceptible frequencies.

ApplicationsClosed-loop filter applications include active and passive countermeasures sys-tems, radar and communications systems, and automatic test instrumentation for bench and field testing. Some of these applications are detailed in this catalog. More extensive closed-loop applications information can be found in the following papers available from Ferretec:

1. Application Note FT3, “Improving Microwave Measurements with Ferretrac Filters”

Teledyne manufactures companion test equipment products utilizing closed-loop YIG filter technology. The C1001 Controller provides all operating controls and power supplies for the

closed-loop Ferretrac® filter.


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Courtesy of USAF

2. Application Note “YIG Preselectors in Multi-Channel Phase Tracked Receivers”

3. Application Note “Reference Stabilized YIG-Tuned Receiver Front-Ends”

4. Application Note “Ferretrac Operation”

5. Application Note “Set-on Techniques for YIG-Tuned Band-Reject Filters”

6. Technical Paper “Digital ASIC Advances Microwave Filter Technology”

MIL Specification DevicesTeledyne offers closed-loop filters for both commercial and military applications. For MIL-SPEC units, Teledyne has care-fully selected all passive components from available established reliability devices. All semiconductor devices are JANTX or MIL-STD-883 screened. To ensure the specified filter performance for MIL envi-ronments over the lifetime of the device, Teledyne has carefully prepared an error budget using the guaranteed specifications of these MIL parts.

Closed-Loop Filter OperationThe key to closed-loop filter operation is an additional YIG sphere located in the same magnetic structure as the filter. Thus, any variations in the magnetic field, which tend to tune the filter to other than the desired frequency are also sensed by this additional reference sphere. The refer-ence sphere is surrounded by a small air coil which can be biased to establish any desired fixed offset, up to ±300 MHz, be-tween the reference sphere and the filter. Together with the elements of the loop circuits, the reference sphere and air coil form a unique microwave discriminator.

The output of this discriminator is a volt-age proportional to the error between the quiescent tuned frequency of the YIG filter and the RF reference frequency (+ or - any deliberate offset). This error is fed back to the main electromagnet driver to force the filter onto the reference frequen-cy and keep it there under all static and dynamic conditions (e.g., temperature, vibration, driver component aging, etc.).

Figure 6 shows the block diagram of the basic Ferretrac® device. Note that the closed-loop circuits are independent of the filter, allowing complete flexibility for design and optimization of the filter.

A high loop gain insures a reduction of all open-loop errors by approximately 200:1. The discriminator band-width is varied to initially provide a capture range of ±100 MHz and then reduced to provide better than 1 MHz resolution. Once within the capture range of the loop, the filter settles very rapidly to the specified reference frequency. A lock indicator, TTL signal compatible, provides an indication to the system that the loop has acquired the referenced signal.

In certain applications, particularly those involving Doppler signal processing or synthesizer filtering, it may be necessary

Closed-loop filter applications include active and passive countermeasures sys-tems, radar and communications systems, and automatic test instrumentation

HoldControl

FilterCoarse Tune

DriverCircuit

LockIndicator

Loop CircuitError Signal

RF Reference Circuits

RF Input

Common Magnet

YIG Filter

ReferenceInput

RFOutput


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to disable the closed-loop to eliminate a small amount of incidental modulation that is coupled to the main filter from the reference-sphere air coil. This inciden-tal tuning typically produces amplitude modulation of 0.5 dB and phase modula-tion of 2 degrees at a fixed rate of about 350 KHz for the Ferretrac® filter.

This modulation can be entirely elimi-nated by employing a sample-and-hold circuit contained in all closed-loop filters. After receiving a lock signal indication that the filter is on frequency, activation of the “hold” input stores the corrected tun-ing voltage during the user’s measurement or signal receiving period. During this time, for at least one minute (one second for MIL units at +85°C), the RF band-width remains on frequency. Filter tuning can be periodically updated by returning to the “sample” mode for approximately two milliseconds.


Figure 6. Ferretrac® Functional Block Diagram

Summary of Key Ferretrac®

Closed-Loop FiltersThe specifications presented in this catalog use super-heterodyne receiver terminology since a majority of applica-tions are for preselectors or tracking filters. The closed-loop filter is locked to a local oscillator or other reference source frequency, or offset by an intermediate frequency (IF) from the source frequency. Care should be taken to avoid confusion with RF specifications for open-loop tun-able filters.

FT (Tuned Frequency)The desired center frequency of the passband. FT is equal to F0, the refer-ence source frequency + or - the IF offset frequency.

FO (Reference Frequency)The reference source (or local oscillator) frequency. For zero offset (tracking filter) FO=FT.

FI (Image Frequency)The image frequency in a receiver located on the opposite side of the local oscillator, FO, and spaced from FO by the IF offset.

BW (3 dB Bandwidth)The minimum frequency band centered on the desired tuned frequency, FT, over which the total filter loss will not exceed IL + IR.

IL (Insertion Loss)The insertion loss at a point in the band-width BW that exhibits the minimum value.

IR (Passband Ripple)The maximum ripple, including magneto-static modes occurring in the bandwidth BW.

RCRIRH

0 dB

FT/N FI FO FT N x FT

RF

IFIF

IF/2

BW

IR IL

Figure 7. Closed-loop bandpass filter specification definitions


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VSWRMeasured at the best point in the band-width BW.

IF (Intermediate Frequency)The offset frequency (+ or -) at which the bandwidth BW is centered from the refer-ence frequency FO.

RI (IMAGE REJECTION)The minimum rejection in a band BW wide centered at a frequency FI on the opposite side of FO from the passband (usually called the “image band”). In the case of zero offset (filter tracks on refer-ence frequency) RI is defined as the mini-mum rejection ±200 MHz from FT.

RH (HARMONIC REJECTION)The minimum rejection at harmonics and subharmonics of the frequency FT within the specified tuning range.

RF (Half IF Rejection) The minimum rejection, in a band BW/2 wide centered at one-half of the IF frequency from the tuned frequency FT and located between FT and FO. This “half IF” rejection is needed to determine rejection of a spurious intermodulation product in the receiver systems caused by 2L0, 2SIG combinations.

RC (LO REJECTION) The minimum rejection at the reference frequency, FO. This is needed to deter-mine the amount of “LO suppression” provided by the filter in receiver applica-tions.

Ferretrac® Model Number System


TELEDYNE MICROWAVE


FT X X X M

1

2

1

OFFSET 2 NO. STAGES &COARSE TUNE VOLTAGE

TUNING RANGE COMPONENT SCREENING LEVEL

X MHz X Stages Tuning Voltage X GHz C M0 -160 0 2 0.0 to 10.0 V 1 0.5 to 2.0 COMMERCIAL MIL1 +160 1 4 0.0 to 10.0 V 2 2.0 to 8.02 -60 2 2 1.0 V/GHz 3 6.0 to 18.03 +60 3 4 1.0 V/GHz 4 8.0 to 18.04 -300 4 2 0.5 V/GHz 5 2.0 to 18.05 +300 5 4 0.5 V/GHz 6 18.0 to 26.57 0 6 2 0.25 V/GHz 7 20.0 to 40.0

7 4 0.25 V/GHz 9 2.0 to 26.5

Specials are assigned model numbers which are of the form FT2XXX. The last three digits are assigned sequentially. Any offset between ±300 MHz are available on special order.

Always “1” forCatalog Model 1

2-STAGE 4-STAGEPARAMETER FT1101 FT1425 FT1046 FT1111 FT1435 FT1056 FT1117Tuning Range (GHz) 0.5 to 2.0 2.0 to 18.0 18.0 to 26.5 0.5 to 2.0 2.0 to 18.0 18.0 to 26.5 20.0 to 40.0Offset (MHz) +160 -300 -160 +160 -300 -160 +160BW (MHz, min) 10 15 20 10 15 20 15.0IL (dB, max) 4.0 4.0 4.0 7.0 6.0 6.0 8.0IR (dB, max) 1.5 1.5 2.0 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0RF (Half IF) (dB, min) 25 20 12 50 70 25 15RC (Reference) (dB, min) 35 35 25 70 70 50 40RI (Image) (dB, min) 40 40 35 70 70 70 60RH (dB, min) 40 40 40 70 80 70 60Course Tune Voltage 0 to 10 V 1.0 V/GHz 0.5 V/GHz 0 to 10 V 1.0 V/GHz 0.5 V/GHz 0 to 10 V

2-STAGE 4-STAGEPARAMETER FT1741 FT2500 1 FT1749 FT1767 FT1751 FT2510 1 FT1759 FT1777Tuning Range (GHz) 0.5 to 2.0 2.0 to 20.0 2.0 to 26.5 20.0 to 40.0 0.5 to 2.0 2.0 to 20.0 2.0 to 26.5 20.0 to 40.0BW (MHz, min) 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0IL (dB, max) 4.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 7.0 7.0 8.0 8.0RH (dB, min) 40.0 40.0 40.0 30.0 70.0 80.0 70.0 60.0Course Tune Voltage 0.5 V/GHz 0.5 V/GHz 0.5 V/GHz 0.25 V/GHz 0.5 V/GHz 0.5 V/GHz 0.5 V/GHz 0.25 V/GHz

Tracking (Zero Offset) Filters *

* Fully compatible with C1001 Controller 1 Special Numbers Assigned

Consult factory for availability of other tuning ranges and tuning voltages.

All Specifications shown are for operating temperatures of 0 to 60°C for commercial units and -55 to +85°C for MIL-SPEC units.


TELEDYNE MICROWAVE


Ferretrac® Bandpass Filter Specifications

2-Stages FT1X01 FT1X02 Fri X03 FT1X04 FT1X05 FT1X06 FT1X07Tuning Range (GHz)BW (MHz min)IL (dB max)IR (dB max)

0.5 to 2.0 2.0 to 8.0 6.0 to 18.0 8.0 to 18.0 2.0 to 18.0 18.0 to 26.5 20.0 to 4010.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 15.0 20.0 15.04.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 4.0 5.01.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0

Rejection (dB min)60 MHz Offset(X = 2 or 3) RF - - - - - - -

RC 20 15 10 10 6 6 -RI 30 25 20 20 20 20 -

160 MHz Offset(X= 0 or 1) RF 25 20 15 15 12 12 12

RC 35 30 25 25 25 25 25RI 40 40 35 35 35 35 35

300 MHz Offset(X = 4 or 5) RF 35 30 25 25 20 20 20

RC 40 40 35 35 35 35 35RI 40 45 45 45 40 40 40

All Offsets RH 40 45 45 45 40 40 35

4-Stages FT1X11 FT1X12 FT1X13 FT1X14 FT1X15 FT1X16 FT1X17Tuning Range (GHz)BW (MHz min)IL (dB max)IR (dB max)

0.5 to 2.0 2.0 to 8.0 6.0 to 18.0 8.0 to 18.0 2.0 to 18.0 18.0 to 26.5 20.0 to 40.10.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 15.0 20.0 15.07.0 5.0 4.5 4.5 6.0 6.0 8.01.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0

Rejection (dB min)60 MHz Offset(X= 2 or 3) RF - - - - - - -

RC 40 30 20 20 12 12 -RI 60 50 40 40 40 40 -

160 MHz Offset(X = 0 or 1) RF 50 40 30 30 25 25 15

RC 70 60 50 50 50 50 40RI 70 70 70 70 70 70 60

300 MHz Offset(X = 4 or 5) RF 70 70 70 70 70 70 60

RC 70 70 70 70 70 70 60RI 70 70 70 70 70 70 60

All Offsets RH 70 80 80 80 80 70 60

Offset Filters - 2-Stages

Offset Filters - 4-Stages

The above units have 0 to 10 volts coarse tuning; for other coarse tuning voltages available see Model Number System.

All specifications shown are for operating temperatures of 0 to 60°C for commercial units and -55 to +85°C for MIL-SPEC units.


TELEDYNE MICROWAVE


Teledyne has introduced a line of digitally tuned closed-loop bandpass filters based on Ferretrac® technology. Similar RF performance to the Ferretrac® is available in a smaller and lighter package. Loop and control circuits are realized digitally, allowing for a “zero droop” sample-and-hold, and the elimination of all potenti-ometers. Programmable logic arrays allow for frequency calibration and provide for system design flexibility

Features:12 Bit Digital (TTL) Tuning Control

Zero Droop Sample-and-Hold

Reduced Size and Weight

No Potentiometers

♦

♦

♦

♦

Typical RF Specifications

2-Stages FTD1101 FTD1102 FTD1103 FTD1104 FTD1105

Tuning Range (GHz) 0.5 to 2.0 2.0 to 8.0 6.0 to 18.0 8.0 to 18.0 2.0 to 18.0BW (MHz min) 10.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 15.0IL (dB max) 4.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 4.5IR (dB max) 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5RH (Harmonic Rej. dB min)Rejection with +160 MHz

40 45 45 45 40

Offset (dB min)RF (Half IF) 25 20 15 15 12RC (Reference) 35 30 25 25 25RI (Image) 40 40 35 35 35

2-Stage Closed-Loop Bandpass Filters with +160 MHz Offsets [1]

4-Stages FTD1111 FTD1112 FTD1113 FTD1114 FTD1115

Tuning Range (GHz) 0.5 to 2.0 2.0 to 8.0 6.0 to 18.0 8.0 to 18.0 2.0 to 18.0BW (MHz min) 10.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 15.0IL (dB max) 8.0 6.0 5.5 5.5 7.0IR (dB max) 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5RH (Harmonic Rej. dB min)Rejection with +160 MHz

70 80 80 80 80

Offset (dB min)RF (Half IF) 50 40 30 30 25RC (Reference) 70 60 50 50 50RI (Image) 70 70 70 70 70

1. 12-Bit Digital Tuning Word Input: Low-end frequency corresponds to all zeros, high-end frequency corresponds to all ones.2. Consult factory for availability of other tuning ranges.

3. All specifications shown are guaranteed for operating temperatures of 0 to 60°C for commercial units and -55 to +85°C for MIL-SPEC units

4-Stage Closed-Loop Bandpass Filters with +160 MHz Offsets [1]

[1] Other offsets between ±300 MHz are also available.

1. 12-Bit Digital Tuning Word Input: Low-end frequency corresponds to all zeros, high-end frequency corresponds to all ones.2. Consult factory for availability of other tuning ranges.


16GHz STEP8GHz STEP1GHz STEP

OPEN LOOPCLOSED LOOP

30

25

20

15

5

FT

10

5 10 15 20 25 30

Time mS

ΔF

(MH

z)

Figure 9 Tuning speed enhanced by closed-loop circuit


TELEDYNE MICROWAVE


Digital Closed-Loop Bandpass Filter Specifications

2-Stages 4-Stages

FTD1741 FTD2500 FTD1751 FTD2510Tuning Range (GHz)BW (MHz min)

0.5 to 2.015.0

2.0 to 20.015.0

0.5 to 2.015.0

2.0 to 20.015.0

IL (dB max)RH (dB min)

4.540

4.540

8.070

8.080

Tracking Closed-Loop Bandpass Filters (Zero Offset)

1. 12-Bit Digital Tuning Word Input: Low-end frequency corresponds to all zeros, high-end frequency corresponds to all ones.

2. Consult factory for availability of other tuning ranges.


Filter Repeatability: ±0.5 MHz MaxThe major contributors to short-term repeatability errors in conventional YIG devices are Magnetic Relaxation Uncertainty (MRU) and Post Tuning Drift (PTD). MRU is related to what is commonly referred to as “hysteresis” in the magnet. It is an unstable magnet bias condition that changes dramatically as a function of tuning step size, vibration, and shock. The result is a fixed-frequency uncertainty with a potential spread equal to the magnet “hysteresis”

PTD is caused by the thermal gradient set up in the magnet shell due to the uneven internal heating by the tuning coil. The dissipation typically varies from 50 mW to 5 Watts from 2 to 18 GHz.

Both MRU and PTD are present, even at a fixed ambi-ent temperature. In Ferretrac® filters both errors are reduced by the loop gain, providing a dramatic improvement in repeatability as illus-trated in Figure 8.

OPEN LOOP

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

+20

+15

+10

+5

FT

-5

-10

-15

-20

TUNING STEP (GHz)

RE

PE

ATA

BIL

ITY

(MH

z)

FERRETRAC+/- 0.5 MHz

Figure 8 Repeatability as a function of Tuning Step (GHz) shows the effects of Magnetic Relaxation Uncertainty (MRU) and Post Tuning Drift (PTD).

Accuracy: Filter center frequency accuracy is ±1 MHz of reference signal typically.

VSWR: 2.0:1 (Best Point)

Tuning Speed: Tuning speed is the time from the initiation of a tuning step to the presence of the desired bandwidth (BW) centered at the desired frequency (FT).

Step Size (GHz) 1 2 4 8 12 16

Tuning Time(msec max)

1 2 3 5 8 10

YIG filter tuning speed curves show a long time constant “tail” as shown in

Figure 9. Ferretrac® filters overcome this effect since, after acquisition by the loop, the filter tuning error AF is reduced to zero with a loop time constant of approxi-mately 100 microseconds.


TELEDYNE MICROWAVE


Digital Closed-Loop Bandpass Filter SpecificationsFilter Input Signal (unless otherwise specified)Start Frequencies: Below 1 GHz Above 1 GHz

1 dB Compression (min) 0 dBm +10 dBm

No Damage (max) 1 Watt CW

Frequency ReferenceRF Power Input -15 dBm min/-5 dBm max

No Damage (max) 1 Watt CW

Source VSWR Required 1.5:1 max

Reference AccuracyThe frequency of the signal fed to the reference port must be within ±50 MHz of the frequency indicated by the tuning volt-age. (Typical accuracy is ±1 MHz relative to reference frequen-cy.)

Reference Offset: up to ±300 MHz

Lock IndicatorStandard TTL output, 2 loads Digital “0” 0.4 ± .4 VDC Digital “1” 3.5 ± 1.5 VDCLogic “0” indicates in capture rangeLogic “1” indicates outside capture range, 3.5 ± 1.5 VDC

Sample and Hold: Standard TTL Input Logic Digital “0” 0.4 ± 0.4 VDC Digital “1” 3.5 ± 1.5 VDC“0” Commands Hold“1” Commands Closed Loop

Ferretrac® Tuning Input:Input Voltage to Tune Full Band:

0 to 10 VDC, 1 V/GHz, 0.5 V/GHz and 0.25 V/GHz are available. For offset filters, reference tracking is also available (coarse-tune voltage tracks reference frequency rather than filter frequency).

Input Impedance: minimum 10K ohms

Digital Closed-Loop Tuning Input:12-Bit digital tuning word. Low-end frequency corresponds to all zeros, high-end frequency corresponds to all ones.

Power Requirements 28 ± 4 VDC (heaters)

Heater Current 2-Stage 4-Stage

Surge (max) 0.75 A 1.2 A

+25°C Steady State 75 mA 125 mA

-55°C Steady State 150 mA 250 mA

Ferretrac®:+15 VDC ±10% at 1 mA per MHz of offset plus 100 mA for zero or negative offset, or, plus 200 mA for positive offset.

-15 VDC ±10% at 60 mA, plus typically 50 mA times max frequency in GHz.

Outline Drawings:See Ferretrac® Outline Drawing 0200001 Rev. 6 on page 35.

See Digital Closed-Loop Outline Drawing 0200182 Rev. 1 on page 35.

CLOSED-LOOPFILTER

RFINPUT RF

OUTPUT

RECEIVERMIXER

IFOUTPUT

COUPLER

LOCALOSCILLATOR

OSC TUNE

TUNING INPUT

FILTERCOARSE

TUNE

LOCKINDICATOR

HOLDCONTROL

REF INPUT

Figure 10 - Closed-Loop Filter in a receiver preselector application

CLOSED-LOOPFILTER

RFINPUT

RFOUTPUT

COUPLER

FILTERCOARSE

TUNE

LOCKINDICATOR

HOLDCONTROL

REF INPUT

SWEEPEROR SYNTHESIZER

1 OR 1/2 GHz/VOLTOUTPUT

RF

Figure 11 - Closed-Loop Filter in a source “clean-up” application


TELEDYNE MICROWAVE


Closed-Loop Bandpass Filter ApplicationsReceiver Preselection

Teledyne closed-loop filters are ideal for receiver preselector applications where suppression of spurious responses is the key to system performance.

Figure 10 shows the block diagram of a receiver front end using a closed-loop preselector. A sample of the local oscil-lator signal is coupled to the closed-loop reference input and the filter locks onto the local oscillator, offset precisely by the IF frequency. This ensures that the mini-mum loss bandwidth of the filter is always centered on the desired frequency. The filter response can then be optimized for in band and skirt response characteristics without any compromises due to poor os-cillator tracking, non-linearities, tempera-ture drift, or other open-loop errors.

Source “Clean Up”Sweet oscillators and frequency synthesiz-ers output harmonics and subharmonics that are unacceptable to the user for many applications. Scalar network analyzers, for example, cannot distinguish between fun-damental and harmonic signal content,

causing sizable measurement errors unless adequate filtering of the signal source output is provided. Also, automatic test systems, operating over wide dynamic ranges, are easily con-fused in the presence of mul-tiple, simultaneous outputs.

Figure 11 shows a closed-loop filter used to “clean-up” a sweep oscillator or synthesizer. The voltage reference output of the sweeper (normally 1.0 or 0.5 V/GHz) is used to coarsely tune the filter, while a sample of the signal RF output provides an RF reference for the loop circuits. The filter is then automatically centered on the signal reducing harmonics

and other spuri-ous outputs of the source to the required level. In this application, the filter bandwidth can be kept narrow since the tracking is auto-matic, and the output power can be kept well leveled even while sweeping, since there is no “peaking” needed to keep the signal at the minimum loss point of the passband. Best of all, there are no adjustments needed when changing the end limits of the frequency sweep, alternately switching between different frequency end limits, or randomly pro-gramming with a computer.

In automatic test equipment, no sepa-rate computer controls are required. The closed-loop filter is automatically IEEE-488 Bus compatible since it faithfully tracks any programmed signal from the source.

Other ApplicationsOther applications of Teledyne closed-loop filters can be found in the Teledyne Application Note FT3 “Improving Microwave Measurements with Ferretrac Filters” available on request.

Open-Loop Bandpass FiltersTeledyne YIG Filters have been designed to meet the multi-octave, wide dy-namic range requirements of today’s EW systems and instruments. The electrical length of the interstage coupling elements is kept to a minimum so that multi-octave performance is achieved with no degrada-tion over previous octave designs. Low-loss, gold plated cavities allow Teledyne to achieve the superior selectivity and off-resonance rejection of a 6-stage band-pass filter with the lower insertion loss of 4-stage filters. For military units, rugged construction in a temperature compen-sated, moisture sealed magnet maintains specified performance over the tempera-ture, humidity, and salt-spray environ-ments of MIL-E-5400 Class II.

Bandpass Filter Specification Definitions

SelectivityFilter selectivity depends on the num-ber of YIG resonators (stages) and is nominally 6 dB per stage per octave bandwidth. Thus for a six-stage filter, the rejection increases by 36 dB each time the bandwidth doubles (see Figure 5, page 8).

Limiting LevelThe input power at which the input/out-put transfer characteristic exhibits a 1 dB compression.

LinearityThe maximum deviation of the tuned center frequency versus coil current from a best fit straight line over the specified operating frequency range.

HysteresisThe maximum value of the differential tuned frequency, at the same coil current, when the coil is tuned slowly throughout

the operation range in both directions.

Since this hysteresis is caused by an unstable magnetiza-tion, it represents a tuning uncertainty as shown in Figure 12. For a given coil current, the tuned frequency will fall within the shaded area depending on tuning step size and speed, and also environ-ment factors. The line A-B represents a stable magnetic condition. This can be best realized by step tuning each frequency from the low end of the tuning range.

Temperature DriftThe change in resonant fre-quency (at a fixed coil current) corresponding to a change in ambient operating tempera-ture. Teledyne filter designs are mechanically compensated to reduce this temperature drift.

Tuning SpeedThere are several factors affecting tuning speed including tuning coil and magnet design, method of tuning, driver design, etc. The nominal full-band switch-ing speed is 10 milliseconds to approach within 0.5% of the final frequency (see page 16). For data on tuning speed for a particular application, consult Teledyne directly.

Teledyne YIG Bandpass filters must function in a dense electromagnetic signal environment where preselection is required to separate signals from spurious, to reject co-located high-level interference, and maximize receiver sensitivity.

Repe

atab

ility

Err

or (M

Hz)

StableTuning Line

A

B

Hysteresis

FLow FHigh

Figure 12 — Magnetic Relaxation Uncertainty — Maximum frequency repeatability error at any fixed coil current due to unknown hysteresis bias of the magnet as a result of tuning speed, magnitude of step and/or direction, vibration, and mechanical and/or thermal shock. Maximum error is equal to hysteresis.


TELEDYNE MICROWAVE


Open-Loop Bandpass Filter SpecificationsModel Number System

FT

0 dB


TELEDYNE MICROWAVE


F X X X X C - A D

C - CommercialM - MIL

Basic Model Number

No Suffix - Filter OnlyAD - Analog DriverDD - Digital Driver

Bandpass Filters Specification DefinitionsRF Parameters (See Figure 13)

IL (Insertion Loss): The loss at the point in the passband exhibiting the minimum loss value.

BW (3 dB Bandwidth): The bandwidth measured where the inser-tion loss is 3 dB greater than the mini-mum loss value, IL.

(Passband Ripple): The sum of amplitude ripple and spurious re-sponses which cross through the filter passband. The filter ripple changes with tuning due to interstage coupling variations and frequency pulling of the YIG resonators. Spurious responses are due to magnetostatic modes that are excited in the YIG spheres. Some track the main filter response at a relatively fixed frequency offset while others tune at a different rate than the passband and appear to “walk through” the passband as it is tuned. Additional losses due to the spurious modes that track at a different rate than the filter passband are included in IR.

Return Loss (VSWR): Measured at the best point in the bandwidth, BW.

ORI (Off-Resonance Isolation): The rejection, referenced to IL, mea-sured at any frequency outside of the filter passband skirts within the specified tuning range. It is usually measured by turning the filter off and observing the residual signal leakage level.

ORS (Off-Resonance Spurious): The amount of suppression refer-enced to IL of magnetostatic spurious modes that track at a nearly fixed offset from the main filter response. Since their fre-quency spacing can be controlled in the design by the choice of YIG material used, the system designer should specify any offset frequency range that is required to be free of spurious modes (i.e., the image frequency, local oscillator frequency, harmonics, etc.). These modes are typically only a few MHz wide.

ORIORSBW

IR IL 3dB

Figure 13 - RF specification definitions for bandpass filters

Parameter F1051 F1052 F1053 F1054 F1055 F1056

Tuning Range (GHz) 0.5 to 2.0 2.0 to 8.0 6.0 to 18.0 8.0 to 18.0 2.0 to 18.0 8.0 to 26.5

BW (MHz, min) 20 25 25 25 25 40IL (dB, max)IR (dB, max)

4.01.5

3.01.5

3.01.5

3.01.5

4.01.5

4.02.0

ORI (dB, min)ORS (dB, min)

4525

5030

5030

5030

4525

4030

Linearity (MHz, max)Hysteresis (MHz, max)

±34

±610

±1015

±1215

±1520

±2025

Temp. Drift (MHz, max)0 to 60°C-55 to +85°C

610

815

1525

1525

2030

2540

Tuning Sensitivity(MHz/mA, nominal)

10 20 20 20 20 40

Coil Resistance (Ω, nominal) 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 10.0

Coil Inductance (mH, nominal) 40 40 40 40 40 150Outline

FilterWith analog driverWith digital driver

12

[1]

12

[1]

12

[1]

12

[1]

12

[1]

12

[1]

Specifications - 2 Stage Filters

Parameter F1071 F1072 F1073 F1075 F1076 F1077 F2000

Tuning Range (GHz) 0.5 to 2.0 2.0 to 8.0 6.0 to 18.0 2.0 to 18.0 8.0 to 26.5 8.0 to 26.5 3.0 to 50.0

BW (MHz, min) 20 25 25 25 40 50 30IL (dB, max)IR (dB, max)

7.01.5

5.01.5

4.51.5

6.01.5

6.02.0

7.02.0

7.02.0


7050

8050

8050

8040

6040

6030

5530

Linearity (MHz, max)Hysteresis (MHz, max)

±34

±610

±1015

±1520

±2025

±3060

±3570

Temp. Drift (MHz, max)0 to 60°C-55 to +85°C

610

815

1525

2030

2540

4060

5070

Tuning Sensitivity(MHz/mA, nominal)

10 20 20 20 40 28 25

Coil Resistance (Ω, nominal) 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 10.0 6.0 6.0

Coil Inductance (mH, nominal) 40 40 40 40 150 100 100Outline


127

127

127

127

367

4[1][1]

4[1][1]


[1] Consult Factory


TELEDYNE MICROWAVE


Open-Loop Bandpass Filter Specifications

Parameter F1080 F1081 F1082 F1083 F1084

Tuning Range (GHz) 0.5 to 2.0 2.0 to 8.0 6.0 to 18.0 8.0 to 18.0 2.0 to 18.0

BW (MHz, min) 25 60 90 100 50IL (dB, max)IR (dB, max)

8.01.5

6.01.5

6.01.5

6.01.5

7.02.0


8060

10060

10060

10060

10050

Linearity (MHz, max)Hysteresis (MHz, max)Temp. Drift (MHz, max)

0 to 60°C-55 to +85°C

±34

610

±610

815

±2015

1525

±2015

1225

±2020

2030

Tuning Sensitivity(MHz/mA, nominal

10 20 20 20 20

Coil Resistance (Ω, nominal) 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5

Coil Inductance (mH, nominal) 40 40 40 40 40

OutlineFilterWith analog driver [1]With digital driver [1]

5 5 5 5 5



TELEDYNE MICROWAVE


Wide Bandwidth Bandpass Filters

Wide Instantaneous Bandwidth Filters

IntroductionToday’s surveillance receivers, EW countermeasure systems, and EMI measurement instruments require wider instantaneous bandwidths than the 15 or 20 MHz normally available. The signals they must process are increasingly more complex with wider information band-width. They also must function in a dense electromagnetic signal environment where preselection is required to separate signals from spurious, to reject co-located high level interference, and maximize receiver sensitivity.

Teledyne has developed a series of very wide instantaneous bandwidth band-pass filters which offer an ideal solution. Advanced computer aided design has enabled the incorporation of new coupling techniques to pro-vide the needed band-widths while demonstrating low insertion loss, low passband ripple, and superior pass-band VSWR. These techniques also minimize variation in group delay, a parameter which is becoming even more important with the increase in complexity and bandwidth of the signal environment.

The units specified in this catalog show Teledyne’s capability to produce wide-bandwidth bandpass filters with limiting levels in the range 0 dBm to over +10 dBm (rather than the -23 dBm maximum linear input levels of filters operating in coincidence limiting). The wideband filters in this catalog are divided into two groups: Increased BW filters with band-widths from 30 to 80 MHz for multi-oc-tave tuning ranges, and wide-band filters with up to 500 MHz bandwidth in the 6 to 18 GHz range.

Design Tradeoffs For 500MHz FiltersTo achieve extremely wide bandwidths, on the order of 500 MHz, high saturation magnetization Teledyne materials, such as Nickel Zinc Ferrite or Lithium Ferrite are required. However, the limiting level of Nickel Zinc decreases rapidly as the filter is tuned below 11 GHz. This results in a 500 MHz BW filter that is not only limited to a tuning range of approximately 8-18.5 GHz, but also has a decreased input limiting level (typically +3 dBm). A third consideration in designing a system with a 500 MHz wide YIG filter involves the location of the 210 spurious mode. Its location can affect the image rejection specification under certain conditions, such as in systems with an IF frequency of 1 GHz and a low side LO. For these ex-tremely wideband filters, the 210 spurious mode frequency is fixed at approximately 2 GHz below the filter passband, which is also the tuner’s image frequency for a 1 GHz IF Thus, the 210 mode can cause a decrease in the system image rejection performance. This situation can be avoid-ed at the system design level via selection of the IF frequency. For instance, an IF of 750 MHz has an IF image frequency of 1500 MHz which is offset from the 210 spurious mode by 500 MHz, typically. However, for wideband tuners requiring a 1 GHz IF and an image rejection speci-fication of greater than 70 dB, the task of building these wideband filters becomes extremely difficult. Teledyne has devel-oped a wideband filter that addresses this problem.

7-Stage Wideband Filter SolutionThe image rejection is improved in a 1 GHz IF system by the increased ORS suppression of the 6-stage filter design. However, achieving a specification of >60 dB ORS suppression at FT-2 GHz while maintaining a 500 MHz minimum band-width has proven extremely difficult to

accomplish on a production basis, even for a 6-stage design. To provide a filter that not only meets the wide bandwidth and increased ORS requirement, and can also be built on a repeatable basis, Teledyne has developed an advanced technology 7-stage wide-band filter design.

This “second generation” wideband filter technology has achieved the three primary design goals of: 1) Increased minimum bandwidth specification margin (550 to 600 MHz, versus 500 MHz), 2) Increased ORS suppression of 70 dB, for the worst-case system requirements of high IF image suppression and 1 GHz IF, and 3) Achieving these specifications on a consistent and repeatable basis, to support large production quantities.

This wide bandwidth filter is ideal for wideband ELINT receivers. They are pri-marily used in the 8-18.0 GHz band, but are also suited for usage over the extended 6-18.0 GHz frequency range, with only minor performance tradeoffs.

In addition to increasing margin for key filter specifications such as minimum BW, off-resonance spurious, and off-resonance isolation, Teledyne’s advanced technol-ogy maintains excellent input and output VSWR while minimizing passband spuri-ous and ripple. These wideband filters can be built and aligned in an efficient, cost-effective manner, resulting in a filter which can be shipped in large quantities, with consistent repeatable performance.

The filters are packaged in a 1.7” cube, and can be supplied with drivers (digital or analog), if required. For increased spu-rious suppression and selectivity require-ments, additional stages can be accommo-dated with the current technology.


TELEDYNE MICROWAVE


Wide Bandwidth Bandpass Filter Specifications

Parameter F1091 F1092 F1093 F1094 F1095 F1096Tuning Range (GHz) 0.5 to 2.0 1.0 to 4.0 2.0 to 6.0 2.0 to 8.0 2.0 to 18.0 8.0 to 26.5

BW (MHz, min) 25 45 70 70 50 80IL (dB, max) 6 5 5 5 6 7IR (dB, max) 2 2 2 2 2 2ORI (dB, min) 70 70 70 70 65 70ORS (dB, min) 40 40 40 40 40 40Limiting Level (dB, min) 0 0 +10 +10 +10 +10Linearity (MHz, max) ±3 ±4 ±4 ±6 ±15 ±10Hysteresis (MHz, max) 4 6 8 10 25 15Temp. Drift (MHz, max)

0 to 60°C-55 to +85°C

1015

1220

1225

1530

2540

2540

Tuning Sensitivity 10 10 20 20 20 20(MHz/ma, nominal)Coil Resistance (Ω, nominal)

4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5

Coil Inductance (mH, nominal) 40 40 40 40 40 40Outline


127

127

127

127

367

367

Specifications - 4-Stage Increased Bandwidth Bandpass Filters

Parameter4-Stage 7-Stage

F1097 F1098 F1099 F1201 F1200Tuning Range (GHz) 6.0 to 18.0 8.0 to 18.0 8.0 to 18.0 6.0 to 18.0 8.0 to 18.0BW (MHz, min) 450 250 500 450 500IL (dB, max) 6.0 6.0 6.0 8.0 7.0IR (dB, max) 2.5 2.0 2.5 2.5 2.5ORI (dB, min) 60 70 60 85 85ORS (dB, min) 40 40 40 65 65Limiting Level 0[1] +10 +3[1] 0 [1] +3 [1]

Linearity (MHz, max) ±80 ±40 ±40 ±80 ±40Hysteresis (MHz, max) 15 15 15 15 15Temp. Drift (MHz, max)

O to 60°C-55 to +85°C

1525

1525

1525

1525

1525

Tuning Sensitivity 20 20 20 23 23(MHz, nominal)Coil Resistance (Ω, nominal)

4.5 4.5 4.5 8.0 8.0

Coil Inductance (mH, nominal) 40 40 40 85 85Outline


367

367

367

5[2]

[2]

5[2]

[2]

Specifications - Ultra-Wide Bandwidth Bandpass Filters

[1] Limiting level increases to greater than +10 dBm above 11 GHz.[2] Consult factory for further details.


TELEDYNE MICROWAVE


Open-Loop Bandpass Filter and Driver SpecificationsGeneral Specifications

The following specifications are common to all filters unless otherwise specified in the model specification tables.

Passband VSWR: 2.0:1 (Best Point)

Input Limiting Level (1 dB compression): (except for wide-bandwidth filters)

Start FrequencyBelow 1 GHz Above 1 GHz

0 dBm +10 dBm

Maximum RF Power Without Damage: 1 Watt CW

Heaters: To minimize fluctuations in tuned frequency with changes in ambient temperature the YIG spheres are stabi-lized by internal, self-regulating heat-ers. The current drawn by these heaters varies with the number of stages and the temperature. Note that there is an initial current surge when power is first applied to the heaters which rapidly decays to a steady state.

+28 VDC Nominal

Open-Loop Filters with DriversThe filters described in this catalog can be provided with integral drivers (voltage-to-current converters); both analog and digital drivers are available. The analog drivers are tuned by a customer-supplied 0-10 Volt ramp. Other voltage ranges are available if needed. The digital drivers are tuned by a digital tuning word of up to 12 bits. The input is TTL-compatible, and is available either latched or non-latched.

Teledyne drivers are especially designed to reduce the effects of aging. Aging, the slow change in component values (es-pecially resistors) with time, causes the voltage-to-frequency transfer character-istic of the filter / driver to change. Trim potentiometers, used to adjust the driver to set the filter endpoints, are especially susceptible to aging. Teledyne matches every driver to its specific filter using computer-chosen, select-attest resistors. This enables the use of potentiometers with much smaller range, and therefore minimizes the effect their aging has on the transfer characteristic.

Teledyne MIL drivers contain all MIL-specified parts and are temperature compensated for operation over the -55 to +85°C range. The resulting static frequency drift with temperature of the filter / driver combination is minimized. Conformal coating of the printed circuit boards insures survival in the MIL-E-5400 Class II airborne environment.

Typical SpecificationsAnalog Driver:

Tuning Voltage:0 to +10V (OV = Low-end frequency, +10V = High-end frequency)

Tuning Impedance: 10KΩ, min.

Power Supply:+15V±10% at 50 mA

-15V±10% at 50 mA plus tuning coil current requirements (see individual filter specification). For example, an F1073 filter will draw an additional 900 mA when tuned to 18 GHz.

+28V: See appropriate filter specification.

Connector: See appropriate outline draw-ing.

Digital Driver:Tuning Input: 12-Bit TTL (All 0’s = Low-end frequency, All 1’s = High-end frequency)

Latch (Optional):Level Triggered (0 = Transparent, 1 = Latched). Tuning Load: 1 TTL Load

Power Supply:+15V±10% at 50 mA

-15V±10% at 50 mA plus tuning coil current requirements (see individual filter specification). For example, an F1073 filter will draw an additional 900 mA when tuned to 18 GHz.

+5V at 30 mA

+28V: See appropriate filter specification.

Connector: See appropriate outline draw-ing

Note that various driver options are avail-able for Teledyne filters. Options include ±12V bias, positive or negative drivers (coil current drawn from the positive or negative supply), and various outline configurations. Please consult factory for details.

Heater CurrentSurge (max)

2-Stage 4-Stage6-Stage & Greater

At Turn-on 0.6 A 1.2 A 1.8 A

25°C Steady State 75 mA 100 mA 200 mA

RF Connectors: Type SMA-Female

Tuning & Heater Terminals: Solder Pins or Multi-pin Connector (see outline draw-ings)

Operating Temperature:Commercial Units: 0°C to +60°C MIL Units: -55°C to +85°C

Screening Levels: See page 8


TELEDYNE MICROWAVE


IntroductionTeledyne band-reject filters are designed for high performance, producibility, and maximum reliability in military or com-mercial systems. Using recent break-throughs in BRF technology, the overall “notch” depth and rejection BW is in-creased while maintaining a minimum 3 dB bandwidth. With a nominal filter skirt selectivity of up to 96 dB/octave, a 16-stage band-reject filter allows the system designer to “notch out” an undesired sig-nal while sacrificing the smallest possible system operational bandwidth. Standard designs with 10-, 12-, and 16-stages are available in 1.4-inch and 1.7-inch packag-es. Depending on customer requirements, Teledyne band-reject filters are available as a stand-alone filter, filter with analog or digitally tuned, 12-bit driver. Closed-loop band-reject filters are also available for signal suppression applications.

Technical DiscussionYIG-tuned band-reject filter bandwidths are inherently frequency dependent, since the equivalent circuit can be modeled as a set of parallel resonant circuits separated by quarter-wavelength impedance invert-ers. As such, the filter design can only be optimized for a single frequency, typically at the mid-point of the tuning range. In addition, the individual YIG sphere coupling bandwidths are proportional to tuned frequency. The net effect of both factors is that, unlike the bandpass filter, whose bandwidth is essentially constant with frequency, a YIG-tuned notch filter will have a bandwidth which is approxi-mately proportional to frequency.

As a result, to produce a notch filter with the ideal characteristics of maximum rejection BW and notch depth, and minimum values of 3 dB BW, VSWR, insertion loss, and spurious, Teledyne

filter designs are fully characterized via analysis and computer modeling, and then properly implemented.

The result is a band-reject filter that exhibits high performance and reliability, and is inherently producible.

For notch filters with drivers, each Teledyne driver is individually matched to its specific filter using computer-selected resistors to minimize the effects of driver drift over time. Together with MIL-specified components, the Teledyne driver has been optimized to insure long-term reliability and operation with a band-re-ject filter, in any environment, military or commercial.

Band-Reject Filters

Teledyne band-reject filters are available as a stand-alone filter, filter with analog or digitally tuned, 12-bit driver. Closed-loop band-reject filters are also available for signal suppression applications.


TELEDYNE MICROWAVE


Teledyne has developed an “Advanced Technology” line of band-reject filters that breaks through conventional size, specification, and reliability barriers.

These band-reject filters (BRF’s) are smaller, lighter, more reliable, and can meet extremely deep and wide notch bandwidth specifications while maintain-ing a narrow 3 dB bandwidth. While enjoying the deeper notch and wider notch bandwidth benefits of 10-, 12-, and 16-stage designs, spurious levels are reduced to levels far below those of typical 4- to 8-stage designs. As a result, greater selectivity is achieved with significantly reduced spurious levels, on the order of 2 dB (versus conventional spurious levels of 4 to 5 dB). This reduction in spurious and increase in selectivity, notch depth, and notch bandwidth was accomplished with an overall decrease in the filter magnetic shell size, to a 1.4-inch cube.

These breakthroughs in BRF technol-ogy have resulted in the first production design of a wideband notch filter that tunes the entire 4-18 GHz range, in a single unit.

General characteristics of this advanced BRF technology include:

Reduced size: 1.4” filter for 10-stage units; 1.7” for 16-stage and certain 7 & 10-stage units.

Increased skirt selectivity: 60 to 96 dB/octave nominal skirt rolloff.

Increased notch depth: 50 to 100 dB. Increased notch BW: 60 MHz @ 70 dB for a narrowband 12-stage unit.

Decreased 3 dB BW: 100 MHz, max, for a 60 MHz notch at the 70 dB point.

Decreased spurious: 2-4 dB, typical for a 12-stage filter.

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Enhanced producibility: High pro-duction rates.

Increased tuning range: 4-18 GHz in a single filter.

More stages: 10- and 12-stage stan-dard units. 16-stage for 4-18 GHz units.

Increased reliability: MTBF increas-es.

These band-reject filters are available with 12-bit digital or analog drivers, or as stand-alone units. These units are also available in closed-loop versions, both the standard analog version Ferretrac® units and the latest digital closed-loop version.

Closed-Loop Band-Reject Filters

In addition to the traditional open-loop band-reject filter, Teledyne has pioneered closed-loop band-reject filter technology.

There are three primary advantages of a closed-loop solution for band-reject filter applications:

1. The closed-loop circuit decreases the time it takes to “set on” the notch filters. Set-on time is typi-cally decreased by a factor of five, versus that of the same filter in an open loop configuration. For a 5-10 GHz closed-loop Ferretrac filter, the tuning speed for a full band 5 GHz step is on the order of 3 milliseconds, to be within ±2 MHz of the final frequency. This compares to ap-proximately 15 milliseconds for an open-loop version of the same filter.

2. The filter is set to precisely the frequency required by the system, to within ±1 MHz. Furthermore, the frequency repeatability of the filter is such that, regardless of conditions

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Advanced Band-Reject Filter Technology(sweep speed, step size, temperature variations, etc.), the filter will repeat to within ±500 KHz of the initial frequency.

3. Since precise frequency set-on is achieved within the closed-loop circuitry itself, once the system processor has specified the frequency tune word, the processor can proceed to other system tasks while the filter tunes itself to precisely the correct frequency. With the closed-loop fil-ter, the system becomes a “tune and forget.”


TELEDYNE MICROWAVE


Band-Reject Filter Parameters / Closed Loop BRF’s

Teledyne closed-loop tunable band-reject filters allow a narrow notch to be positioned precisely over an interfering, or receiver limiting, signal. This function is particularly useful in integrated defense electronics systems where interference from adjacent emitters such as radars and jammers (both hostile and friendly) can deny use of large segments of receiver bands needed to identify hostile threats. As with bandpass applications, closed-loop technology insures that the notch is where it belongs all the time, every time. Low passband insertion loss allows cascad-ing of band-reject filters to simultaneously “notch out” multiple signals without seriously degrading system performance.

Since applications of this device are so varied, consult Teledyne on your special requirements. The specifications below are ex-amples of our capabilities.

Closed-Loop Band-Reject Filters

Model FT1802 FT1806 FT1807Frequency Range [1] 1.0-2.0 2.0-6.0 6.0-18.0BR (MHz, min) 5 5 5RB (dB, min) 40 40 40BW (MHz, max) 125 125 140IL (dB, max) 1.5 1.5 1.75ORS (dB, max) 4.0 4.0 4.0

Ferretrac® Band-Reject Filters

[1] Passband extends from DC to maximum tuned frequency.

Enhanced BRF “Set-On” Performance

Positioning a relatively narrowband notch on the desired fre-quency is often a challenge to the system designer. Typically, a “step tuned” system approach is employed, but this often length-ens processing time and requires additional software capability.

A faster, more accurate approach is to use the Ferretrac® closed-loop notch filter. Set-on time is decreased (typically by a factor of 5), the center of the notch can be locked precisely to the desired signal, and the filter itself can tune to within ±500 KHz of any desired frequency, regardless of the environmental conditions or threat environment. The frequency reference signal can be taken from existing system sources, and can be operated at tuning off-set of up to ±300 MHz. Teledyne has just completed the design of a second-generation, closed-loop filter that offers enhanced performance, a smaller package, and is ideal for band-reject filter applications. Use of a closed-loop band-reject filter offers a system-level solution to the designer’s requirements.


TELEDYNE MICROWAVE


Band-Reject Filter

Low-Frequency Band-Reject Filters (7- and 16-Stage)Model F1300 F1310 F1311 F1312 F1016 F1302Frequency 0.5-2.0 2-6 2-8 2-12 0.5-1.0 1.0-2.0Stages 7 16 16 16 7 7BR (MHz, min) 3 15 15 10 5 5RB (dB, min) 40 40 40 40 40 403 dB BW (MHz, max) 150 125 150 150 140 140IL (dB, max) 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5ORS (dB, max) 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0Linearity (MHz, max) ±3 ±6 ±8 ±10 ±3 ±3Hysteresis (MHz, max) 5 8 10 12 3 4Temperature Drift (MHz, max)

0 to 60°C-55 to +85°C

812

812

1015

220

610

610

Tuning Sensitivity(MHz/mA nominal) 10 20 20 20 10 10

Coil Resistance (Ω, nominal) 4.5 12 12 10 4.5 4.5Coil Inductance (mH, nominal) 40 90 90 100 40 40Outline

Filterwith analog driverwith digital driver

91110

91110

91110

91110

91110

91110

RF Parameters See Figure 14

IL (Insertion Loss): The maximum loss in the passband measured with the filter turned off or tuned out of the passband.

BW (3 dB Bandwidth): The bandwidth measured 3 dB below the insertion loss value.

VSWR: Measured in the passband with the filter turned off or tuned out of the passband frequency range.

ORS (Off Resonance Spurious): The passband attenuation caused by magnetostatic modes at frequencies offset from the desired response.

BR (Rejection Bandwidth): The minimum bandwidth required over which the rejection must be at least rejection level, RB.

RB (Rejection Level): The amount of attenuation, referenced to the insertion loss, of signals within the rejection bandwidth, BR.

RB

3dBBW

BR

ILORS

FREQFT

0 dB

Figure 14 RF specification definitions for band-reject filters


TELEDYNE MICROWAVE


Model F1323 F1322 F1321 F1333 F1332 F1331 F1330Frequency [1] 8-18 6-18 4-18 8-18 6-18 4-18 2-18Stages 10 10 10 16 16 16 16BR (MHz, min) 35 25 10 50 40 25 8RB (dB, min) 40 40 40 40 40 40 403 dB BW (MHz, max) 150 150 150 150 150 150 200IL (dB, max) 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75ORS (dB, max) 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0Linearity (MHz, max) ±15 ±20 ±20 ±15 ±20 ±20 ±20Hysteresis (MHz, max) 15 20 25 15 20 25 25Temperature Drift (MHz, max)

0 to 60°C-55 to +85°C

1525

1525

1525

1525

1525

1525

2030

Tuning Sensitivity 20 20 20 20 20 20 20(MHz/mA nominal)Coil Resistance (Ohms, nominal)

8 8 8 8 8 8 8

Coil Inductance (mH, nominal) 90 90 90 120 120 120 120Outline

Filterwith analog driverwith digital driver

8[2][2]

8[2][2]

8[2][2]

9[2]10

9[2]10

9[2]10

9[2]10

High-Frequency Band-Reject Filters (10- and 16-Stage)

1 Passband extends from DC to maximum tuned frequency 2 Consult factory


TELEDYNE MICROWAVE


Additional Teledyne YIG Products

INSTRUMENTATION.Teledyne manufactures companion test equipment products uti-lizing closed-loop YIG filter technology. The C1001 Controller provides all operating controls and power supplies for the closed-loop Ferretrac® filter. Please contact the factory for details on this product.

New YIG Technology From TeledyneAlthough YIG devices have been in use for over 30 years, Teledyne continues to advance the technology. Recent Teledyne developments include advanced broadband tunable notch filters, multi-function single-magnet filters, the use of permanent magnets to enhance YIG component performance, advanced closed-loop filter design, vibration stabilization techniques, and YIG-based instrumentation products. Teledyne’s capabilities are increasing rapidly, and some of the latest technology may not be included in our catalogs, so please contact the factory or our local representative for unique solutions to your most challenging systems problems.

Examples of advanced YIG technology include:

16-stage Band-Reject Filter2-18 GHz frequency coverage - in a single filter

Increased notch depth

Industry’s smallest package size

Multi-function Filters (Single Magnet Designs)Dual 2-stage and Dual 4-stage bandpass filters

8-stage band-reject filter with 2-stage bandpass filter

10-stage band-reject filter with 4-stage bandpass filter

Dual 8-stage band-reject filter

Permanent Magnet Bias (Oscillators and Filters)Smaller size

Reduced power consumption

Faster tuning speeds

Low phase noise oscillators

Vibration Stabilized DesignsReduced residual FM under vibration in oscillators

Reduced additive noise in filter

7-Stage Bandpass Filter Design500 MHz instantaneous bandwidth

Increased selectivity and isolation

Advanced Closed-Loop FilterSmaller size

Digitally tuned

Instrumentation ProductsScalar Network Analyzer enhancements

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TELEDYNE MICROWAVE


Outline Drawings1.4" BANDPASS FILTER, 2/4-STAGE

OUTLINE #1,(0200009-REV B)NOTES: (UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED)

1. DC CONNECTION: SOLDER PINS EI-E4

2. El, E4 LABELED AT THE FACTORY,LOCATIONS MAY BE REVERSED.

TOLERANCE. XX *.03 [.76]

. XXX *.005 [.127]

INCHES [MILLIMETERS]

1.4" BANDPASS FILTER W/ANALOG DRIVEROUTLINE #2 (0200005-REV B)

NOTES: (UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED)1. DC CONNECTOR: ITT CANNON DE-9P

(MATING CONN. DE-9SOR EQUVALENT)


. XXX *.005 [.127]


CONN PIN NO. FUNCTIONJ1 SMA RF INPUTJ2 SMA RF OUTPUTDC E l COIL +DC E2 HEATERDC E3 HEATERDC E4 COIL -

CONN - PIN NO. FUNCTIONJ l SMA RF INJ2 SMA RF OUTDC 1 +15V DC

2 COMMON3 -l5V DC4 V TUNE5 N/C6 N/C7 HEATER +2BV DC8 HEATER RETURN

DC 9 N/C

.70 [17.78]

1.40 [35.56]

.70 [17.78]

1.40 [35.56]

J1

.38 [9.53]TYP

.15 [3.81]MAX

J2

.12 MAX[3.0]

LABEL AREA

.46 MAX[11.7]

.90 2 PL[22.9]

.70 2 PL[17.8]

2.15[54.6]

1.02[25.9]

1.62[41.1]

2.620[66.55]

.13[3.3]

1.100[27.94]

2.90[73.66]

1.40[35.6]

.15[3.8]

#6-32 UNC-2B X .30 [7.6] DP.4 PLACES (HELICOIL INSERT)


TELEDYNE MICROWAVE


1.7" BANDPASS FILTER, 2/4-STAGEOUTLINE #3, (0200010-REV B)

NOTES: (UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED)

1. DC CONNECTION: SOLDER PINS, El-E4.

2. El,E4 LABELED AT THE FACTORY,LOCATIONS MAY BE REVERSED.

2.0" BANDPASS FILTER, 4-STAGEOUTLINE #4, (0200066-REV A)

1.7" BANDPASS FILTER, 7-STAGEOUTLINE #5, (0200120-REV A)


. XXX *.005 [.127]


CONN PIN NO. FUNCTIONJ1 SMA RF INPUTJ2 SMA RF OUTPUTDC E1 COIL +DC E2 HEATERDC E3 HEATERDC E4 COIL -

LABEL AREA.85 [22]

1.70 [43.2]

.15 [3.8]

1.70 [43.2]

.85 [22]

J2

J1

.38 [9.5]TYP

E4E2E3E1J1

E4E3E1J1 E2

1.70[43.2]

[13.7]

.54

[21.6].85

1.70

[43.2]

1.70

[43.2]

1.70 [43.2]

CONN PIN NO. FUNCTIONJ1 SMA RF INPUTJ2 SMA RF OUTPUTDC E1DC E2DC E3

HEATER

DC E4HEATER

TELEDYNEMICROWAVE

MAIN COIL

MAIN COIL

Outline Drawings


TELEDYNE MICROWAVE


Outline Drawings1.7" BANDPASS FILTER W/ANALOG DRIVER

OUTLINE #6, (0200091-REV 1)NOTES: (UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED)

1. DC CONNECTOR: POSITRONIC SMPL9MOTOLB(MATING CONN. SGMC9FOT0000OR EQUIVALENT)

CONN-PIN-FUNCTIONJ1- SMA- RF INPUTJ2- SMA- RF OUTPUTJ3- A

B+ 15 VCOMMON

C -15 VDE

HTR +HTR -

FHJ

N/CN/CV TUNE +

J3- K V TUNE -

1.7" BANDPASS FILTERW/DIGITAL DRIVEROUTLINE #7, (0200074-REV

NOTES: (UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED)1, DC CONNECTOR: POSITRONIC SMPL26MOTOLB

(MATING CONN. MC26FOT0000OR EQUIVALENT)

CONN PIN NO.- FUNCTIONJ1 SMA RF INPUTJ2 SMA RF OUTPUTJ3 A

BCDEFHJK

LATCHBIT 11BIT 12 (LSB)N/CBIT 9BIT 10N/CBIT 7BIT 8

LMNPRS

+15VBIT 5BIT 6COMMONBIT 3BIT 4

TUVWX

-15VBIT 1 (MSB)BIT 2N/CN/C

YZab

+5VN/CN/CN/C

c +28VJ3 d -28V RTN

CHAMFER .12 X 45°2 PLCS

.85 2 PL[22] 2 PL

R .22, 2 PLCSLABEL AREA

1.95[49.5] 1.10 2 PL

[27.9] 2 PL1.07

[27.2]

.24[6.1]

.80[20]

.25[6.3]

2.00[50.8]

.44[11]

1.500[38.10]

2.320[58.93]

2.95[74.9]

J3J1

J2 (RF OUTPUT)

#6-32 UNC-2B X .20 DP.HELICOIL INSERT6 PLACES

J1 (RF INPUT)

1.500[38.10]

"A" PIN

CHAMFER .12 X 45°2 PLCS

2.00[50.8]

.57[15]2.08

[52.7]

.85 2 PL[22] 2 PL

R .22, 2 PLCS

LABEL AREA

MALE PIN

1.95[49.5]

1.10 2 PL[27.9] 2 PL

.25[6.3]

2.00[50.8]

.44[11]

"A" PIN

2.760[70.10]

1.500[38.10]

#6-32 UNC-2B X.20 DP. HELICOILINSERT, 6 PLACES

J3J1

J2 (RF OUTPUT)

.19[4.83]

3.35[85.1]

J1 (RF INPUT)

1.500[38.10]


TELEDYNE MICROWAVE


Outline Drawings

1.7" BAND-REJECT FILTER W/DIGITAL DRIVER

1.4" BAND-REJECT FILTEROUTLINE #8, (0200113-REV A)

1.7" BAND-REJECT FILTEROUTLINE #9, (0200114-REV 1)

OUTLINE #10, (0200115-REV 1)

E1 E2 E4E3

J1 J2

1.40[35.6]

1.40[35.6]

.38[9.6]

.15[3.8] .57

[4.3]

.17 TYP[4.3]

.63[16.0]

.39[9.9]

1.40[35.6]

.70[17.8]

4X .12 [3] X 45°CHAMFER

LABEL AREA

E1E2 E4E3J1 J2

1.70[43.2]

1.70[43.2]

.38[9.6]

.15[3.8]

.57[4.3]

.17 TYP[4.3]

.63[16.0]

.54[13.7]

1.70[43.2]

.85[21.6]

4X .12 [3] X 45°CHAMFER

LABEL AREA

D/C

: YY

WW

MO

DEL

# F

DX

XXX

S/N

: XX

XX

TELE

DY

NE

MIC

RO

WAV

E

[4.83].19

R .22, 2 PLCS

[50.8]2.00

P1

[16].63 TYP.

J2

1.10 TYP.

[5.7].23 TYP.

[14].54 TYP.

[15].572.08

[52.7]

LABEL

[49.5]1.95

2 PLCSCHAMFER .12 X 45°

"A" PIN

FEMALE PIN

J1

[27.9]

IDENT




. XXX *.005 [.127]



. XXX *.005 [.127]



. XXX *.005 [.127]


OTHERWISE SPECIFIED)NOTES: (UNLESSDC CONNECTOR: POSITRONIC SMPL26MOTOLB

(MATING CONN.OR EQUIVALENT)CONN PIN NO.- FUNCTION

J1 SMA RF INPUTJ2 SMA RF OUTPUTJ3 A

BCDEFHJK

LATCHBIT 11BIT 12 (LSB)N/CBIT 9BIT 10N/CBIT 7BIT 8

LMNPRS

+15VBIT 5BIT 6COMMONBIT 3BIT 4

TUVWX

-15VBIT 1 (MSB)BIT 2N/CN/C

YZab

+5VN/CN/CN/C

c +28VJ3 d -28V RTN


TELEDYNE MICROWAVE


1.7" BAND-REJECT FILTER W/ANALOG DRIVEROUTLINE #11,(0200182-REV 1)

FERRETRAC (CLOSED-LOOP) FILTEROUTLINE #12, (0200001-REV

NOTES: (UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED)1, DC CONNECTOR: ITT CANNON DE-9P

(MATING CONN. DE-9SOR EQUIVALENT)

CONN-PIN-FUNCTIONJ1- SMA- RF INPUTJ2- SMA- RF OUTPUTJ3- A

B+ 15 VCOMMON

C -15 VDE

HTR +HTR -

FHJ

N/CN/CV TUNE +

J3- K V TUNE -

CONN PIN NO.- FUNCTIONJ1 SMA RF INPUTJ2 SMA RF OUTPUTJ3 SMA

12345678

REF IN+15V DCGND-15V DCV TUNESAMPLE & HOLDLOCK INDICATORHEATER +28VHEATER RETURN

9 (FACTORY TST PT.)J3

"A" PINP1

.62

.24

2 PLCS

J1

[5.7].23

.54[13.7]

.80[20]

[27.2]

1.500

[27.9]1.10

[50.8]2.00

R .22, 2 PLCS

[11].44

[38.10]

.25[6.3]

INSERT, 6 PLACESX .20 DP HELICOIL#6-32 UNC-2B

1.95[49.5]

CHAMFER .12 X 45°

[6.1]

LABEL AREA

[15.7]

J2

[74.9]2.95

1.500[38.10]

[58.93]2.320

1.07

[15.7].62.88

LABEL

2.18[55.3]

J3

3.05 MAX.[77.5]

J1

2.75

[3.2].12

3.25

.88.62[15.7]

3.000[76.20]

.25[6.4]

[113.7]4.48 MAX

.78[20]

2.18[55.3]

J2

1.06

2.13

FERRETEC PRODUCT

OR EQUIVALENT

DC CONNECTOR TYPE

[3.2].12

3.75 MAX [95.2]

4 MOUNTING HOLES.156 [3.9] DIA THRU

[26.8]DE-9P ITT CANNON

[82.5] [69.9]

[22][22.3]

1.875[47.63]

[54.0]

S/N:MODEL #

MADE IN USA

D/C:

TELEDYNEMICROWAVE

Outline Drawings


TELEDYNE MICROWAVE


microwave yig

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