Microtubule

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Intracellular

transport

vesicles

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VSVG-GFPand Microtubules

Fast Axonal Transport

in vivo in vitro

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Loligo

Freeze!

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50 nm

microtubule

kinesin

Transportvesicle

Biophysical analysis

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8nm steps correspond to the spacing of tubulin dimers

Kinesin develops about 6 picoNewtons (pN) of force

Conventional Kinesin

Two heads are better than

one!

ATP

Kinesin model

In vitro motility

Fluorescent microtubules gliding over a kinesin-coated surfaceQuickTime™ and a

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Kinesin

Biotech saddles the beast

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A “rectifying” shape can direct traffic

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Kinesins share a conserved

motor domain, placed in different

evolutionary contexts

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100 nm

Turning tail

Ionic strength (in vitro) Post-translational modification?

Folding modulates interactions with microtubules and cargo

400kDa Conventional Kinesin

Kinesin in vitro motility assays

Using polarity marked microtubules

Conventional kinesin is a plus-end directed motor (minus-end of track leads)

Ncd is a kinesin that side steps in a weakly minus-end directed motion to rotate the track

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- +seed

Stepping out

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Kinesin family tree

MAPs can block motor

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Kinesin-driven anterograde movement of mitochondria is blocked by ectopic expression of MAPs like Tau

Cytoplasmic dynein

Adapting to a membrane

Cytoplasmic dynein and -COP

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Dynein inhibition causes outward dispersal of

lysosomes

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Dynein family tree

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Spotty, perinuclear localization

Golgilocalization

Flagellardyneins

Chlamydomonas

Flagellar structure

The flagellar dynein motor is (a) complex

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Microtubule sliding powers flagellar beating

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Sliding disintegration

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Dynein Mechanochemical Cycle

Axonemal abnormalities

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Normal Kartagener’s syndrome

Keeping the beat!

Regulation

Building the flagellum

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Microtubule commuters

kinesin

dynein