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8/14/2019 Microsoft PowerPoint - Poster
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The notion of clustering, is generally accepted to have been introduced by Harvard economist, Michael Porter, in his (1990)
book The Competitive Advantage of Nations, and builds on earlier work in the field of industrial geography, economic
geography, and earlier work by Alfred Marshall (1890) and Paul Krugman (1991).
Industrial
Policy
The development of new clusters exists at a juncture between industrial, regional and technology policy.The creation of clusters is being used as tool for regional development, as a means of stimulating neweconomic growth and as a device for developing new technologies to the stage of commercialisation.However, there is evidence to suggest that a one-size fits all approach to cluster development.
Types of Cluster:
Geographical ClusterOrganisations Concentrated In a Region.
According to Porter, competition within a cluster benefits in three ways:
TechnologyPolicy
Regional
Policy
Paytas, J., Gradek, R., & Andrews, L., (2005) Aligning Universities and Industry Clusters
The Heinz School Review, Volume 2, Issue I.
Organisations Within The Same Commercial Sector.
Horizontal Cluster
Knowledge Management / Business Interconnection.
Vertical Cluster
Supply Chain Integration
The productivity of companies within the cluster is increased
New businesses in the field are stimulatedInnovation within the field is encouraged and fostered
Vehicle Manufacturers
OEM Key Suppliers
S stemsThe development of hydrogen and fuel cell vehicles, will result in the creation of new supply chains, component suppliers and research and
Modules
Component Suppliers
Components
Sub-Systems
Tier 2 Materials
Semi-Finished
Tier n
.development activity, or a cluster may be artificially created by investment to stimulate regional growth and development.
Original Equipment Manufacturers of vehicles, at the top of the pyramid, are supported by a broad base of different suppliers.
These in turn are supported by a plethora of component suppliers and materials suppliers. In the emergent hydrogen and fuelcell automotive industry, suppliers may be characterised by producing exotic materials for fuel cell manufacture , nottraditionall found in the automotive industr ; or su l in com onents made b new rocesses and usin new techni ues.
an ar ar s
The dynamics of the organisations supplying these components for the new industries, the establishments supporting research and development activity to facilitate creation of these newcomponents, and the interaction between the various suppliers, manufacturers and service providers in this new industry has received relatively little attention.
There are comparable studies of other high-technology clusters, which will be used to inform the research and build an understanding of what factors influence cluster development.
In addition, the study will be informed by an cross-examination of clusters at different stages of maturity; comparing the Californian Fuel Cell cluster with activity in the UK, to ascertaindifferences in legislative, political, social and economic approaches to cluster development.
Differences in legislation and political priority will be examinedin both the UK and California, to give an orientation to thesocio-political environment in which regional clusters exist.
Whilst market and growth oriented firms can drive innovationin a region, providing industry push, there must also be sufficient
local demand or sensitivity to external demand to provide
innovation pull. The factors affecting this pull will be compared.
Paytas, J., Gradek, R., & Andrews, L., (2005) Aligning Universities and Industry Clusters
The Heinz School Review, Volume 2, Issue I.
Cluster Is
Dominant:
Focus on Building
University &Cluster Are
Aligned:
Focus on efficiency-
One of the areas of study will examine different attitudesto research and development activity critically analysingthe interface between business and universities.
A number of fuel cell ventures have resulted fromknowledge transfer partnerships between business and
esearc andDevelopment
and Knowledge-Transfer
LimitedFoundation:
Focus on All orNothing
University IsDominant:
Focus on ClusterDevelopment
About the Researcher: www.gavindjharper.co.uk
Gavin D. J. Harper holds a Diploma in Design and Innovation, theDiploma of Vilnius University a BSc. (Hons.) Technology and an MSc.
Architecture: Advanced Environmental & Energy Studies.
He is author of a number of books, including Fuel Cell Projects for
the Evil Genius, available from Mc Graw Hill, New York.
- .examine differences between how the relationship
between the university and company can be characterised.
The study will also examine other factors affecting thesuccess and prosperity of clusters; taking lessons fromdifferent re ional exam les, and lookin at how the can,
. regular contributor to Green Building Magazine and the
sustainable technology blog EcoGeek.org.
be applied in the context of fuel cell commercialisation.
The research will examine the extentto which fuel cell spin-offs areembedded within universities indifferent local and institutionalcontexts, and to what extentthis affects the autonomy andproductivity of the enterprise.
Matkin, G (1999) Spinning off in the U.S.
The ESRC Centre for
Business Relationships, Accountability, Sustainability and SocietyResearch Supported Under Economic & Social Research Council 3+1 Studentship
Supervisory Team: Dr. Peter Wells, Dr. Paul Nieuwenhuis & Prof. Ken Peattie
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