microsoft power point - 2011-05-17-study of new materials & techniques for building envelope

8/3/2019 Microsoft Power Point - 2011-05-17-Study of New Materials & Techniques for Building Envelope

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Thesis Project by: Hari Om Gupta, Dept of BEM, SPA, New Delhi


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April, 2011

2 Study of New Materials & Techniques for Building Envelope

Building Envelope:Building Envelope is the area that separates conditioned

space from unconditioned space or the outdoors. Simplyput, a building envelope is the separation between the

interior and the exterior environments of a building.


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Building Envelope:Functional requirements:

o Structural: If the wall is not part of the main building structure,

support own weight and transfer lateral loads to building frame.

o Water: Resist water penetration.

o Air: Resist excessive air infiltration.

o Condensation: Resist condensation on interior surfaces under

service conditions.

o Movement: Accommodate differential movement (caused bymoisture, seasonal or diurnal temperature variations, and

structural movement).


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April, 2011


Building Envelope:Functional requirements:

o Energy conservation: Resist thermal

transfer through radiation, convection andconduction.

o Sound: Attenuate sound transmission.

o Fire safety: Provide rated resistance to heat

and smoke.

o Security: Protect occupants from outside

threats.

o Maintainability: Allow access to components

for maintenance, restoration and replacement.


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Building Envelope:Functional requirements of Building Envelope:

o Constructability: Provide adequate clearances, alignments and

sequencing to allow integration of many components during

construction using available components and attainable

workmanship.

o Durability: Provide functional and aesthetic characteristics for a

long time.

o

Aesthetics: Do all of the above and look attractive.o Economy: Do all of the above inexpensively.


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Typical Components of Envelope:1. Typical Structure support, infills etc.

2. Demonstrated fuctions and performances.


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Building Envelope:

BuildingEnvelope

Wall Systems

In Situ Systems

Pre fab FramedSystems

FenestrationSystems

Glazing

Windows

Jalis

Doors

TerracingSystems

Solar Roofs.

Cool Roofs.

Green Roofs.


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April, 2011


The external walls of a structure are vital to the integrity, safety and aestheticsof the building. They are more often than not the load bearing walls and mustalso face the harsh conditions that the weather can throw at a building.

Walling Systems can be further classified into:

1. Pre Fab Framed Systems

2. In Situ Systems


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In situ Systems

Cavity Walls

Solid Walls


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There are three types of pre- fab wallingsystems:

Thin Stone Wall Systems

Panelized Metal Wall Systems

Cladding with Plastics and Polymers


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Pre -fab FramedSystems

Thin Stone Wall

Systems

Stone Veneer

Terracotta Tiles

Panelized MetalWall Systems

Lap-Seam Metal

Panels

Composite Metal

Wall Panels

Flat Plate Metal

Wall Panels

Metal-Faced

Composite Panels

Cladding withPlastics and

Polymers

Fibre GlassReinforced Plastic

Boards

Glass Reinforced

Panels

PVC Panels

Plastic WoodComposites

Poly CarbonateBoards

Acrylic Boards

Ethylene TetraFluoro Ethylene

Buildingintegrated Photo

Voltaics


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April, 2011


Thin stone wall systems used for exterior building

envelopes typically consist of stone panels ranging in

thickness from 3/4 inches to 2 inches. Most panels

are fabricated from granite, while marble; limestone,

travertine, and sandstone are also used to a lesser

extent.

Stone wall systems have been employed to achieve a

wide range of architectural styles, aesthetic affects,

and appearances. Generally, thin stone wall systems

are used in all environments. However certain stonetypes such as certain marbles may not be

appropriate for environments with significant

thermal cycling.


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Thin Stone Wall Systems can be

further classified based on the

material used into:

Terracotta Wall Facades

Stone Veneer Facades

April, 2011



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Panelized Metal Wall Systems: The

following types of metal panel systems

are available:1. Lap-Seam Metal Panels: These

panels are formed out of metal

sheets and are typically ship-lapped

with adjacent panels.

2. Composite Metal Wall Panels: These

panels feature two sheets of metal

adhered to a core material. These

composite panels are usually

stronger than lap-seam panels and

provide built-in insulation to the wall

system.


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April, 2011


3. Flat Plate Metal Wall Panels:

These panels are typically

fabricated out of 1/8 inch thickmetal plate. The panels are

then bent to the desired

profile.

4. Metal-Faced Composite Panels:

These panels consist of metal

facings adhered to a thin

thermoplastic core. The

resulting composite panel isthen bent to the desired

profile. These panels are not as

impact resistant.


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This is the most recent up and coming technology where plastics/ polymer in

the form of sheets or boards are being used as faade materials.

The various materials being used are:

Fibre Glass Reinforced Plastic Boards

PVC Panels Plastic Wood Composites

Poly Carbonate Boards

Acrylic Boards

Ethylene Tetra Fluoro Ethylene Building integrated Photo Voltaics


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April, 2011


Polymer-based resins that consist

matrix and glassfibres as the

reinforcement - PVC/ FRP/ GRP panels.

Advantages of such materials have:

High strength and stiffness,

Ease of moulding complex shapes, High environmental resistance, Comparatively economic

Exhibits good thermal features, e.g.low heat conductivity and a small

thermal expansion coefficient.

Additionally, this composite is also

characterized by many aesthetic

merits.


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Acrylic panels are UV stable, thus provides a vast array of

possibilities for interior and exterior applications.

Acrylic panels provide numerous benefits that

conventional materials can not match. Acrylic panels can

be cast up to 24 thick to provide structural integrity and

spanning capabilities. Rods, tubes and other shapes can

also be used as either structural members or as decorative

elements in exterior and interior environments.Acrylic is also a preferred choice due to the light

transmitting properties of the material.


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Wood plastic composite is an

increasingly popular choise for finishing

the facades of commercial and

domestic buildings.Also known as weather boarding,

timber effect cladding, it is an

attractive and economical way to finish

exteriors.It is manufactured by an extrusion

process using a mix of recycled plastics

and hardwood.

This material combines the traditionalappearance of timber with durability of

engineered composite.


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Polycarbonate plastic is moldable,

durable, lightweight, flame resistant,

shatterproof, and energy efficient. A

polycarbonate panel is extremelyweather resistant, will not yellow in harsh

sun, and recyclable.

Polycarbonate sheets can be as clear,

translucent, or completely opaque,depending on the specific use. The panels

can be flat or corrugated, rigid or flexible,

thick or thin.

Polycarbonate makes an excellentsubstitute for glass or acrylic, and there

are a multitude of uses for panels made

of polycarbonates.


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ETFE foil roofs consist of pneumatic cushions

comprising of between 2 and 5 layers of a

modified copolymer Ethylene Tetra FlouroEthylene. The ETFE Foil is extruded into thin

films and supported in an aluminum

perimeter extrusion which is supported on the

building frame.

The Cushions are

inflated by a small

inflation unit to approx.

220 Pa which gives thefoil a structural stability

and gives the roof high

insulation properties.


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BIPVs are photovoltaic materials that are

used to replace conventional building

materials in parts of the building envelope

such as the roof, skylights, or facades.1. Increasingly being incorporated into the

construction of new buildings as a

principal or ancillary source of electrical

power.2. Existing buildings may be retrofitted with

BIPV modules as well.

3. The advantage of integrated photo-voltaic

is that the initial cost can be offset by

reducing the amount spent on building

materials and labour that would normally

be used to construct the part of the

building that the BIPV modules replace.


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Precast Concrete is a construction product

produced by casting concrete in a reusable

mould or "form" which is then cured in a

controlled environment, transported to theconstruction site and lifted into place.

Installation :

1)Horizontally - Panels supported by

stanchions & installed horizontally across

the bay width, placed either on the face or

between the webs of the stanchions.

2)Vertically - A vertical cantilever

configuration with a portion of the precast

concrete panel below finished floor level,tied into the foundation concrete with

reinforcing bars. No above ground steel

support is required.

microsoft power point - 2011-05-17-study of new materials & techniques for building envelope

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