microprocessor and interfacing 261214

31
Microprocessor and Interfacing 261214 Introduction to Microprocessors II http://mango.e-cpe.org

Upload: alfonso-baldwin

Post on 03-Jan-2016

35 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

DESCRIPTION

Microprocessor and Interfacing 261214. Introduction to Microprocessors II. http://mango.e-cpe.org. What is this?. Liquid Nitrogen. Gigabyte 2009 Overclock Champion. 3.3 GHz --> 5.3 GHz. 2010 – When Overclocking goes beyond the CPU. The Winner. What Makes a CPU Hot?. Clock Frequency - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

TRANSCRIPT

Microprocessor and Interfacing261214

Introduction to Microprocessors II

http://mango.e-cpe.org

What is this?What is this?

Liquid NitrogenLiquid Nitrogen

Gigabyte 2009 Overclock Champion

3.3 GHz --> 5.3 GHz

2010 – When Overclocking goes beyond the CPU

The Winner

What Makes a CPU Hot?Clock Frequency

Transistor Size

How does a CPU’s transistor look like ?

Regular Microscope

Scanning Electron Microscope

A Single Transistor

Pentium Hack

Done by former Motorola Engineers (makers of chips for MACs back in the day)

Processor Fabrication Technology

1997 2008 2011

Pentium 2 – Slot Footprint

Moore’s Law (1965)Moore’s Law (1965)

“The number of transistors on a chip will double about every two years.”

“The number of transistors on a chip will double about every two years.”

Moore’s Law True for 40 Years

The Next 20 YearsTransistor Count (Billion)

Year

Why more transistors?

Pentium Core i7

Transistor UsageLarger Cache

Core i7 has up to 12Mb L3 Cache (6 Core CPUs)

More CoresCore i7 has up to 6 CPU coresOther core types, such as GPUs

More Complex CPU FeaturesExtended SIMD Instruction Set (MMX, SSE,

etc)Advanced Optimizations (Branch Prediction,

OoOE, etc)

System Performance is More than CPU Speed

1. All CPUs are NOT Created Equal Pipeline Example: 10 Stages vs 20 Stages

10 Clock Cycle per 1 instruction

20 Clock Cycle per 1 instruction

2. The overall speed of a system is determined by the slowest component

How does the program data flow?

Printf(“Hello World”);

Hello.exe

Execution Data flow

Hello.exe

Chipset

RAM

HDD

CPU

GPU(Display)

6.4 GB/s

8.5 GB/s

What is a Bottleneck?

25.6 GB/s

Hello.exe

Chipset

RAM

HDD

CPU

GPU(If Discrete)

GPU(If Integrated)

Component SpeedsRAM

DDR2 - 4.2 GB/sDDR3 (1066) - 8.4 GB/sDDR3 (1600) – 12.5 GB/s

Hard DriveSATA1 – 150 MB/sSATA2 – 300 MB/sSATA3 – 600 MB/s

Conclusions: วิ�ธี�ต่�างๆ ในการเพิ่��มประสิ�ทธี�ภาพิ่ของ CPU

เพิ่��มควิามเร�วิสิ�ญญาณนาฬิ�กาต่ องระวิ�งควิามร อนยิ่��งผลิ�ต่ขนาด CPU เลิ�กก�จะยิ่��งก�นไฟน อยิ่

เพิ่��มจ(านวิน transistor เพิ่)�อใสิ�ควิามาสิามารถใหม�ๆลิดคอขวิดในระบบโดยิ่การเพิ่��มควิามเร�วิสิ�วินประกอบ

ต่�างๆ ให ไม�ท�.งห�าง CPU จนเก�นไปใช้ Cache แลิะเทคน�คอ)�นๆ เพิ่)�อลิดการใช้ งาน สิ�วิน

ประกอบท��ช้ า