microfiltration / reverse osmosis the 1-2 punch for water treatment presented by: don burgess dwg...
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Microfiltration / Reverse Osmosis
The 1-2 Punch for Water Treatment
Presented by:
Don Burgess
DWG Process Supply Ltd.
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CLOTH & DEPTH FILTERSR A N G E S O F F I L T R A T I O N P R O C E S S E S
MEMBRANETYPE
RELATIVE SIZEOF COMMON MATERIALS
REVERSEOSMOSIS
NANO-FILTRATION
ULTRAFILTRATION
MICROFILTRATION
SCREENS & STRAINERS
LATEX EMULSIONS
METAL IONS
VIRUSVOC’S, PCD, SUSP. OIL
AQUEOUSSALTS
ATOMICRADII
PROTEINS/ENZYMES
OIL EMULSIONS
PAINT PIGMENT
BACTERIA
HUMANHAIR
SAND
RED BLOODCELLS
CARBONBLACK
DISSOLVED ORGANICS
PARTICLE SIZE 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 1.0 10 102 103
(MICRONS)
APPROXIMATE 100 200 20,000 500,000 MOLECULAR WT.
PARTICLE SIZE 1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 106 107
(ANGSTROMS)
Cryptosporidium Oocyst
Giardia Cyst
Material Sizes
Source: GE Water
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Filtration Processes
Microfiltration / Ultrafiltration
• Removes turbidity• Provides barrier
to Crypto/Giardia• Backwashable
“Surface Water”
“Spaghetti removes Solids”
Reverse Osmosis / Nanofiltration
• Removes dissolved compounds
• Typically can not backwash
• Fouled by turbidity
“Ground Water”
“Layered removes Liquids”
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Microfiltration
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Membrane Pore Sizes – 0.01 to 0.2 micron
Pencil Dot (40 µm)
Giardia Cyst (5 - 11 µm)
Large Siliceous Particle (20 µm)
CryptosporidiumOocyst (2 - 5 µm)[Anthrax Spore]
Typical Bacterium (0.2 µm)
E-Coli(.45 µm)
How Small is Small?
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Why Microfiltration?
• Turbidity and Microbiology removal with no chemistry– Turbidity < 0.1 NTU
• 0.02 to 0.04 NTU
– Cryptosporidium > 99.9999% Removal
– Giardia > 99.9999% Removal
• TOC / Colour removal– Chemical precipitation– Coagulation with Alum / acid / PAC– Removal of precipitate with membrane
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Inlet Section
Source: Pall Canada
Pressure Membranes• MF Fiber = 0.1 micron
• PVDF - Oxidant Resistant (Chlorine, Ozone & Chlorine Dioxide)
• Outside – In
• Rack Mounted Vertically
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Source: www.zenonenv.com
Immersed Membranes
• UF Fiber = 0.035 micron
• Composite
• Outside – In
• Vacuum
• Mounted in Below or Above Grade Tanks
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Source: Pall Canada
Pressure System (35 MLD - Pall)
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Source: www.zenonenv.com
Immersed Wastewater System (Zenon)
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Modular System 1.3 to 2.0 MLD
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MF Test ResultsSite 1 Site 2 Treated
Water
Raw Water
Turbidity (NTU) 1 to 7 10 to 25 <0.02
TOC (mg/L) 9 to 11 10 to 15 4 to 6
Colour (TCU) 5 to 40 23 to 40 < 5
Chemical Dosages
Alum (mg/L) 100 75 to 100
PAC (mg/L) 10 13
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MF Membrane Technology Benefits
• Exceeds Environmental Treatment Standards• Consistent treatment quality• Modular, Compact and Cost Saving System
Configurations• Some Membranes Warranted for 10 Years• Automatic Integrity Testing• On-Line Technical Support and System
Diagnosis
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Reverse Osmosis / Nanofiltration
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RO / Nano filtration
• Removes dissolved compounds• Non-backwashable • Max 0.5 to 1 NTU• Max SDI = 3.0
“Ground Water”
“Layered removes Liquids”
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Applications
Ground water treatment• TDS• Hardness• Metals such as arsenic
GWUI
Surface water• Organics
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Pre-Treatment for Nano/RO
Nano / RO
Concentrate
Pre-Filtration for Solids Removal
Pre-Oxidation for Iron/Mg Removal
Microfiltration
Raw Water
SDI < 3
Raw Water
Pre-oxidation
Filtration
Nano / RO
Concentrate
Permeate
Permeate
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RO or Nano
Reverse Osmosis• Low energy membranes
provide high efficiency removal
• Removes 97 to 99% of all dissolved compounds
• Blend w/ raw water to meet guidelines and restabilize treated water
Nanofiltration• Removes 60 to 80% of
dissolved compounds• Use for GWUI as treat
entire flow stream• “Softening” filter• Specially formulated
membrane to resist organic (TOC) fouling
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Pros and Cons
Pros• Ease of operation• Superior water quality• Reduced footprint• Membrane elements are standardized
Modular units
Cons• Higher energy
costs• High waste
volumes – 60 to 80% recovery
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Full Scale Systems
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Is It Worth It?
• RO/Nano provides specific function• Often replaces 2 or 3 other processes• Sometimes the only process that will
work
• It is worth looking after your system
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Process Applications
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RememberMicrofiltration /
Ultrafiltration • “Surface Water” • Turbidity and
particle removal• Crypto/Giardia
barrier• Backwashable
“Spaghetti removes Solids”
RO / Nano
• “Ground Water”• Dissolved
compound reduction
• Do not even think of backwashing
“Layered removes Liquids”
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Contaminants
Surface Water• Turbidity• Crypto/Giardia• Iron/Mang/Arsenic• Organics• Hardness
Ground Water• TDS• Hardness• Iron/Mang/Arsenic• Organics• Turbidity
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Treatment OptionsContaminant Conventional
ProcessMembrane Process
Turbidity Floc/Coag/Clarifier /Filter
MF
Crypto/Giardia Floc/Coag/Clarifier /Filter
MF
Iron/Mang/Arsenic Chem Precip / Mang Greensand
Chem Precip and MF or RO
Hardness Lime softng/Recarb / Filter
RO
Organics Oxidation and GAC RO
TDS Not readily available RO
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System Assessment
• Look at compounds that are process dependant, and then add other processes as required for remaining compounds
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Surface Water
Contaminant Membrane Process
Turbidity MF
Crypto/Giardia MF
Iron/Mang/Arsenic MF + Chem Precip
Hardness MF + RO
Organics MF + Enh Coag, or RO
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Ground Water
Contaminant Membrane Process
TDS RO
Iron/Mang/Arsenic RO or Chem Precip +MF
Hardness RO
Organics RO
Turbidity MF
GUDI MF
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Treatment Quality
• Turbidity• Crypto/Giardia• Iron/Mang/
Arsenic• Organics• Hardness• TDS
< 0.1 NTU
Avg 1 to 4 particle counts
Below guideline limits
< 2 mg/L
< 100
< 500
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1. MF Feed to NF for Organics
Process Flow• River water• Upflow clarifier• Microfiltration• Nanofiltration for organics
reduction
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Results - MF to NF for Organics
Parameter Raw Water
Clarifier Effluent
MF Perm
NF Perm
TOC (mg/L) 13.1 3.5 3.6 <0.5
Iron (mg/L) 0.32 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06
Manganese (mg/L)
0.039 0.077 0.076 <0.004
TDS 120 170 160 <10
Hardness (mg/L) 96 110 110 <0.5
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2. MF-NF for Organics Redn
• River water source• Sedimentation clarifier• Microfiltration• Transfer tank• NF for organics reduction
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Results – MF-NF for Org Redn
Parameter Raw Water
MF Feed
MF Perm
RO Perm
Turbidity 2 4.5 0.010
TDS 255 263 264 149
Hardness 198 176 195 88
TOC 15.6 12.3 12.0 0.05
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3. MF-NF for Turb, Organics, Hardness
Process Flow• River water• Raw water pond• Microfiltration for
turbidity reduction and crypto / giardia barrier
• Nanofiltration for organics / hardness reduction
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Results - MF to NF
Parameter Raw Water
MF Perm NF Perm
TOC (mg/L) 15.8 12.4 <0.1
Turbidity (NTU) 0.86 0.02 <0.1
Manganese (mg/L) 0.005 0.005 <0.002
TDS 751 749 <5
Hardness (mg/L) 527 530 1.0
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Summary
• The 1-2 Punch of MF / RO’s, can treat most common contaminants in water.
• Reduced number of processes, generally results in smaller footprint.
• Effluent quality from membrane treatment is consistent.
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Questions