microfiltration membranes for wine clarification | …...crystar® filtration technology (ft)...
TRANSCRIPT
Crystar® Filtration Technology (FT)MICROFILTRATION MEMBRANES FOR
WINE CLARIFICATION
Crystar FT is composed of recrystallized silicon carbide (R-SiC), an outstanding ceramic material with a myriad of advanced mechanical, thermal and chemical properties.Attributed to their well-controlled and engineered microstructure of high-purity R-SiC from the membrane to the carrier, Crystar FT membranes feature:
KEY BENEFITS OF CRYSTAR® FT R-SiC MATERIAL
• Low adsorption of organic matter and other negatively charged compounds, enabling fast and efficient cleaning procedures in high-fouling liquids.
• Excellent efficiency in reducing high levels of suspended solids, bacteria, and other particulates in challenging streams.
• Enhanced permeate fluxes enabling higher throughput filtration at lower operating costs with more compact and lighter installations.
• Superior chemical resistance allowing the use of harsh cleaning agents.
• High thermomechanical resistance enables shorter chemical cleaning cycles at high temperature without risking structural damage to the membrane.
crystarfiltration.saint-gobain.com
saint-gobain-performance-ceramics-refractories
Saint-Gobain IndustrieKeramikRödental GmbHOeslauer Straße 35 · 96472 RödentalGermanyPhone +49 (0) 9563 7240
0.5%
0.4%
0.3%
0.2%
0.1%
0.0%
WEIGHT LOSS AFTER 200 HOURS + 200 HOURS OF CHEMICAL CORROSION
pH 14 - pH 0
pH13 - pH 1
Crystar FT 250 nm
Alumina 200 nm
Competing SiC 40 nm
TOGETHER WE MAKE THE MATERIAL DIFFERENCE
THERMAL SHOCK RESISTANCE ASSESSMENT BY HASSELMAN METHOD
The information contained in this document is believed to be accurate and reliable but is provided without guarantee or warranty on the part of Saint-Gobain IndustrieKeramik Rödental GmbH. Process parameters and requirements can impact typical values and test methods. Further, nothing present herein should be interpreted as an authorization or inducement to practice any patented invention without an appropriate license. Saint-Gobain IndustrieKeramik Rödental GmbH Terms and Conditions apply to all purchases.
SAINT-GOBAIN PERFORMANCE CERAMICS & REFRACTORIES
Temperature difference [°C]
Nor
mal
ized
bre
akin
g lo
ad
0,00
0,25
0,50
0,75
1,00
1,25
0,00 20,00 40,00 60,00 80,00 100,00 120,00 140,00 160,00 180,00
Thermal shock resistance assessment by Hasselman method
Nor
mal
ized
bre
akin
g lo
ad
Temperature difference [°C]
Crystar FT Titanium dioxide (TiO2) Alumina (Al2O3)
sold by Saint-Gobain today didn't exist
5 years ago
Nearly
patents filed in 2017
3700Researchers
100industrial groups
in the world
400product out of
1
Present in
countries
4
2018 net sales
billion
One of the top
67 €41.8
Crystar® Filtration Technology (FT)MICROFILTRATION MEMBRANES FOR
WINE CLARIFICATION
Crystar FT is composed of recrystallized silicon carbide (R-SiC), an outstanding ceramic material with a myriad of advanced mechanical, thermal and chemical properties.Attributed to their well-controlled and engineered microstructure of high-purity R-SiC from the membrane to the carrier, Crystar FT membranes feature:
KEY BENEFITS OF CRYSTAR® FT R-SiC MATERIAL
• Low adsorption of organic matter and other negatively charged compounds, enabling fast and efficient cleaning procedures in high-fouling liquids.
• Excellent efficiency in reducing high levels of suspended solids, bacteria, and other particulates in challenging streams.
• Enhanced permeate fluxes enabling higher throughput filtration at lower operating costs with more compact and lighter installations.
• Superior chemical resistance allowing the use of harsh cleaning agents.
• High thermomechanical resistance enables shorter chemical cleaning cycles at high temperature without risking structural damage to the membrane.
crystarfiltration.saint-gobain.com
saint-gobain-performance-ceramics-refractories
Saint-Gobain IndustrieKeramikRödental GmbHOeslauer Straße 35 · 96472 RödentalGermanyPhone +49 (0) 9563 7240
0.5%
0.4%
0.3%
0.2%
0.1%
0.0%
WEIGHT LOSS AFTER 200 HOURS + 200 HOURS OF CHEMICAL CORROSION
pH 14 - pH 0
pH13 - pH 1
Crystar FT 250 nm
Alumina 200 nm
Competing SiC 40 nm
TOGETHER WE MAKE THE MATERIAL DIFFERENCE
THERMAL SHOCK RESISTANCE ASSESSMENT BY HASSELMAN METHOD
The information contained in this document is believed to be accurate and reliable but is provided without guarantee or warranty on the part of Saint-Gobain IndustrieKeramik Rödental GmbH. Process parameters and requirements can impact typical values and test methods. Further, nothing present herein should be interpreted as an authorization or inducement to practice any patented invention without an appropriate license. Saint-Gobain IndustrieKeramik Rödental GmbH Terms and Conditions apply to all purchases.
SAINT-GOBAIN PERFORMANCE CERAMICS & REFRACTORIES
Temperature difference [°C]
Nor
mal
ized
bre
akin
g lo
ad
0,00
0,25
0,50
0,75
1,00
1,25
0,00 20,00 40,00 60,00 80,00 100,00 120,00 140,00 160,00 180,00
Thermal shock resistance assessment by Hasselman method
Nor
mal
ized
bre
akin
g lo
ad
Temperature difference [°C]
Crystar FT Titanium dioxide (TiO2) Alumina (Al2O3)
sold by Saint-Gobain today didn't exist
5 years ago
Nearly
patents filed in 2017
3700Researchers
100industrial groups
in the world
400product out of
1
Present in
countries
4
2018 net sales
billion
One of the top
67 €41.8
Chardonnay 7 NTU
WHITE WINE CLARIFICATION
Crystar FT250, Saint-Gobain’s newly developed silicon carbide membrane provides:• Excellent filtered wine quality,• High productivity thanks to superior filtrate fluxes,• Unmatched robustness for fast and efficient cleaning procedures.
These features offer the most cost effective and reliable wine processing, especially for difficult red wines.
Achievements of Crystar FT250• Increased Production capacity without capital
investment in new equipment.• Reduced maintenance due to higher membrane
robustness.Performance
• High and stable wine permeate fluxes: 50% higher productivity than oxide ceramic membranes.
• Improved filtered wine quality (turbidity and fouling index).
A PhD work in collaboration with the Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin*, University of Bordeaux and the Laboratoire de Mécanique, Modélisation & Procédés Propres**, University of Aix-Marseille, demonstrates that Crystar® FT:
• Does not alter the chromatic characteristics of the wine.• Does not retain anthocyanins and polyphenols.• Provides an effective barrier against lactic bacteria and yeast.
Analysis of a Bordeaux red wine with initial turbidity = 150 NTU
THE QUALITY OF YOUR
WINE IS PRESERVEDCRYSTAR® FT250 A REVOLUTION IN WINE CLARIFICATION
Anthocyanins Polyphenols
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
160140120100
80604020
0
ANTHOCYANINS AND POLYPHENOLS
2616146
127 2483138
Feed RetentateFiltrate
mg/
l
mg/
l
No significant impact of Crystar FT250
1.0E+04
1.0E+03
1.0E+02
1.0E+01
1.0E+00
LACTIC BACTERIA
2616
Feed RetentateFiltrate
UFC/
ml Strong reduction by
Crystar FT250
0.90.80.70.60.50.40.30.20.1
0
CHROMATIC CHARACTERISTICS
0.250.3
Feed RetentateFiltrate
No significant impact of Crystar FT250
0.29 0.320.39 0.37
0.0720.087 0.088
0.65
0.78 0.75
d420 d520 d620 ICM
12
7
2
0
TOTAL POLYPHENOLS INDEXNo significant impact of Crystar® FT250
10.72
Feed Sample2
Sample 1
Indi
ce 1
Sample 3
7.78 7.66
9 9.38
Retentate
0.10.080.060.040.02
0
ABSORBANCE OD420Improvement in white wine clarity and no
significant impact on color0,068
Feed Sample2
Sample 1
Abso
rban
ce 4
20nm
Sample 3
0.015 0.015 0.018
0.097
Retentate
Analysis of Bordeaux white wine with initial turbidity = 78 NTU
MICROBIOLOGY RETENTION
Feed Filtratesample 2
Filtratesample 1
Filtratesample 3
Lactic bacteria [CFU/ml] Yeast [CFU/ml]
1.0E+04
7.5E+03
5.0E+03
2.5E+03
0.0E+00
Strong reduction by Crystar FT250
0 0 0
Shiraz wine, 32 NTU
0
0,325
0,65
0,975
1,3
-
4 000
8 000
12 000
16 000
20 000
9:20:00 AM 12:56:00 PM 3:00:48 PM 5:05:36 PM 7:10:24 PM 9:15:12 PM 11:20:00 PM 1:24:48 AM 3:29:36 AM 5:34:24 AM
Perm
eate
flow
rate
[lite
rs/h
our]
Tran
smem
bran
e pr
essu
re [b
ar]
Permeate flow rate [l/h] Transmembrane pressure [bar]
1.2
0.9
0.6
0.3
09:20 AM13:O0 PM
3:O0 PM5:O5 PM
7:10 PM9:15 PM
11:20 PM
1:25 AM2:30 AM
5:35 AM
0,313
0,625
0,938
1,25
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
5:12:47 PM 5:41:35 PM 6:19:59 PM 6:48:47 PM 7:17:35 PM 7:46:23 PM 8:15:11 PM 8:43:59 PM 9:12:47 PM 9:41:35 PM
Red wine retentate > 1500 NTU
Permeate flow rate [l/h] Transmembrane pressure [bar] Permeate turbidity [NTU]
Perm
eate
flow
[lite
rs/h
ours
]
Tran
smem
bran
e pr
essu
re [b
ar]
Perm
eate
turb
idity
[NTU
]
1.2
0.9
0.6
0.3
05:12 PM
5:40 PM6:20 PM
6:50 PM7:17 PM
7:45 PM8:15 PM
8:44 PM9:12 PM
9:41 PM
Initial flux = 58 LMH
Flux after 5h = 34 LMH
* Science Institute of Vine and Wine** Laboratory of Mechanics, Modeling & Clean Processes
Permeate flow rate [l/h] Transmembrane pressure [bar] Turbidity [NTU]
Tran
smem
bran
e pr
essu
re [b
ar]
Turb
idity
[NTU
]
Perm
eate
flow
[lite
rs/h
ours
]
0
0,4
0,8
1,2
1,6
-
3 250
6 500
9 750
13 000
10:38:24 AM 11:31:12 AM 12:19:12 PM 1:07:12 PM 1:55:12 PM 2:43:12 PM 3:31:12 PM 4:19:12 PM 5:07:12 PM 6:19:12 PM
Initial flux = 110 LMH
Flux after 9h = 65 LMH
10:30 AM11:30 AM
12:20 PM
1:10 PM2:00 PM
2:45 PM3:30 PM
4:20 PM5:10 PM
6:20 PM
1.6
1.2
0.8
0.4
0
Success story at an Australian wine maker:
2470
0
Chardonnay 7 NTU
WHITE WINE CLARIFICATION
Chardonnay 7 NTU
WHITE WINE CLARIFICATION
Crystar FT250, Saint-Gobain’s newly developed silicon carbide membrane provides:• Excellent filtered wine quality,• High productivity thanks to superior filtrate fluxes,• Unmatched robustness for fast and efficient cleaning procedures.
These features offer the most cost effective and reliable wine processing, especially for difficult red wines.
Achievements of Crystar FT250• Increased Production capacity without capital
investment in new equipment.• Reduced maintenance due to higher membrane
robustness.Performance
• High and stable wine permeate fluxes: 50% higher productivity than oxide ceramic membranes.
• Improved filtered wine quality (turbidity and fouling index).
A PhD work in collaboration with the Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin*, University of Bordeaux and the Laboratoire de Mécanique, Modélisation & Procédés Propres**, University of Aix-Marseille, demonstrates that Crystar® FT:
• Does not alter the chromatic characteristics of the wine.• Does not retain anthocyanins and polyphenols.• Provides an effective barrier against lactic bacteria and yeast.
Analysis of a Bordeaux red wine with initial turbidity = 150 NTU
THE QUALITY OF YOUR
WINE IS PRESERVEDCRYSTAR® FT250 A REVOLUTION IN WINE CLARIFICATION
Anthocyanins Polyphenols
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
160140120100
80604020
0
ANTHOCYANINS AND POLYPHENOLS
2616146
127 2483138
Feed RetentateFiltrate
mg/
l
mg/
l
No significant impact of Crystar FT250
1.0E+04
1.0E+03
1.0E+02
1.0E+01
1.0E+00
LACTIC BACTERIA
2616
Feed RetentateFiltrate
UFC/
ml Strong reduction by
Crystar FT250
0.90.80.70.60.50.40.30.20.1
0
CHROMATIC CHARACTERISTICS
0.250.3
Feed RetentateFiltrate
No significant impact of Crystar FT250
0.29 0.320.39 0.37
0.0720.087 0.088
0.65
0.78 0.75
d420 d520 d620 ICM
12
7
2
0
TOTAL POLYPHENOLS INDEXNo significant impact of Crystar® FT250
10.72
Feed Sample2
Sample 1
Indi
ce 1
Sample 3
7.78 7.66
9 9.38
Retentate
0.10.080.060.040.02
0
ABSORBANCE OD420Improvement in white wine clarity and no
significant impact on color0,068
Feed Sample2
Sample 1
Abso
rban
ce 4
20nm
Sample 3
0.015 0.015 0.018
0.097
Retentate
Analysis of Bordeaux white wine with initial turbidity = 78 NTU
MICROBIOLOGY RETENTION
Feed Filtratesample 2
Filtratesample 1
Filtratesample 3
Lactic bacteria [CFU/ml] Yeast [CFU/ml]
1.0E+04
7.5E+03
5.0E+03
2.5E+03
0.0E+00
Strong reduction by Crystar FT250
0 0 0
Shiraz wine, 32 NTU
0
0,325
0,65
0,975
1,3
-
4 000
8 000
12 000
16 000
20 000
9:20:00 AM 12:56:00 PM 3:00:48 PM 5:05:36 PM 7:10:24 PM 9:15:12 PM 11:20:00 PM 1:24:48 AM 3:29:36 AM 5:34:24 AM
Perm
eate
flow
rate
[lite
rs/h
our]
Tran
smem
bran
e pr
essu
re [b
ar]
Permeate flow rate [l/h] Transmembrane pressure [bar]
1.2
0.9
0.6
0.3
09:20 AM13:O0 PM
3:O0 PM5:O5 PM
7:10 PM9:15 PM
11:20 PM
1:25 AM2:30 AM
5:35 AM
0,313
0,625
0,938
1,25
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
5:12:47 PM 5:41:35 PM 6:19:59 PM 6:48:47 PM 7:17:35 PM 7:46:23 PM 8:15:11 PM 8:43:59 PM 9:12:47 PM 9:41:35 PM
Red wine retentate > 1500 NTU
Permeate flow rate [l/h] Transmembrane pressure [bar] Permeate turbidity [NTU]
Perm
eate
flow
[lite
rs/h
ours
]
Tran
smem
bran
e pr
essu
re [b
ar]
Perm
eate
turb
idity
[NTU
]
1.2
0.9
0.6
0.3
05:12 PM
5:40 PM6:20 PM
6:50 PM7:17 PM
7:45 PM8:15 PM
8:44 PM9:12 PM
9:41 PM
Initial flux = 58 LMH
Flux after 5h = 34 LMH
* Science Institute of Vine and Wine** Laboratory of Mechanics, Modeling & Clean Processes
Permeate flow rate [l/h] Transmembrane pressure [bar] Turbidity [NTU]
Tran
smem
bran
e pr
essu
re [b
ar]
Turb
idity
[NTU
]
Perm
eate
flow
[lite
rs/h
ours
]
0
0,4
0,8
1,2
1,6
-
3 250
6 500
9 750
13 000
10:38:24 AM 11:31:12 AM 12:19:12 PM 1:07:12 PM 1:55:12 PM 2:43:12 PM 3:31:12 PM 4:19:12 PM 5:07:12 PM 6:19:12 PM
Initial flux = 110 LMH
Flux after 9h = 65 LMH
10:30 AM11:30 AM
12:20 PM
1:10 PM2:00 PM
2:45 PM3:30 PM
4:20 PM5:10 PM
6:20 PM
1.6
1.2
0.8
0.4
0
Success story at an Australian wine maker:
2470
0
Chardonnay 7 NTU
WHITE WINE CLARIFICATION
Chardonnay 7 NTU
WHITE WINE CLARIFICATION
Crystar FT250, Saint-Gobain’s newly developed silicon carbide membrane provides:• Excellent filtered wine quality,• High productivity thanks to superior filtrate fluxes,• Unmatched robustness for fast and efficient cleaning procedures.
These features offer the most cost effective and reliable wine processing, especially for difficult red wines.
Achievements of Crystar FT250• Increased Production capacity without capital
investment in new equipment.• Reduced maintenance due to higher membrane
robustness.Performance
• High and stable wine permeate fluxes: 50% higher productivity than oxide ceramic membranes.
• Improved filtered wine quality (turbidity and fouling index).
A PhD work in collaboration with the Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin*, University of Bordeaux and the Laboratoire de Mécanique, Modélisation & Procédés Propres**, University of Aix-Marseille, demonstrates that Crystar® FT:
• Does not alter the chromatic characteristics of the wine.• Does not retain anthocyanins and polyphenols.• Provides an effective barrier against lactic bacteria and yeast.
Analysis of a Bordeaux red wine with initial turbidity = 150 NTU
THE QUALITY OF YOUR
WINE IS PRESERVEDCRYSTAR® FT250 A REVOLUTION IN WINE CLARIFICATION
Anthocyanins Polyphenols
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
160140120100
80604020
0
ANTHOCYANINS AND POLYPHENOLS
2616146
127 2483138
Feed RetentateFiltrate
mg/
l
mg/
l
No significant impact of Crystar FT250
1.0E+04
1.0E+03
1.0E+02
1.0E+01
1.0E+00
LACTIC BACTERIA
2616
Feed RetentateFiltrate
UFC/
ml Strong reduction by
Crystar FT250
0.90.80.70.60.50.40.30.20.1
0
CHROMATIC CHARACTERISTICS
0.250.3
Feed RetentateFiltrate
No significant impact of Crystar FT250
0.29 0.320.39 0.37
0.0720.087 0.088
0.65
0.78 0.75
d420 d520 d620 ICM
12
7
2
0
TOTAL POLYPHENOLS INDEXNo significant impact of Crystar® FT250
10.72
Feed Sample2
Sample 1
Indi
ce 1
Sample 3
7.78 7.66
9 9.38
Retentate
0.10.080.060.040.02
0
ABSORBANCE OD420Improvement in white wine clarity and no
significant impact on color0,068
Feed Sample2
Sample 1
Abso
rban
ce 4
20nm
Sample 3
0.015 0.015 0.018
0.097
Retentate
Analysis of Bordeaux white wine with initial turbidity = 78 NTU
MICROBIOLOGY RETENTION
Feed Filtratesample 2
Filtratesample 1
Filtratesample 3
Lactic bacteria [CFU/ml] Yeast [CFU/ml]
1.0E+04
7.5E+03
5.0E+03
2.5E+03
0.0E+00
Strong reduction by Crystar FT250
0 0 0
Shiraz wine, 32 NTU
0
0,325
0,65
0,975
1,3
-
4 000
8 000
12 000
16 000
20 000
9:20:00 AM 12:56:00 PM 3:00:48 PM 5:05:36 PM 7:10:24 PM 9:15:12 PM 11:20:00 PM 1:24:48 AM 3:29:36 AM 5:34:24 AM
Perm
eate
flow
rate
[lite
rs/h
our]
Tran
smem
bran
e pr
essu
re [b
ar]
Permeate flow rate [l/h] Transmembrane pressure [bar]
1.2
0.9
0.6
0.3
09:20 AM13:O0 PM
3:O0 PM5:O5 PM
7:10 PM9:15 PM
11:20 PM
1:25 AM2:30 AM
5:35 AM
0,313
0,625
0,938
1,25
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
5:12:47 PM 5:41:35 PM 6:19:59 PM 6:48:47 PM 7:17:35 PM 7:46:23 PM 8:15:11 PM 8:43:59 PM 9:12:47 PM 9:41:35 PM
Red wine retentate > 1500 NTU
Permeate flow rate [l/h] Transmembrane pressure [bar] Permeate turbidity [NTU]
Perm
eate
flow
[lite
rs/h
ours
]
Tran
smem
bran
e pr
essu
re [b
ar]
Perm
eate
turb
idity
[NTU
]
1.2
0.9
0.6
0.3
05:12 PM
5:40 PM6:20 PM
6:50 PM7:17 PM
7:45 PM8:15 PM
8:44 PM9:12 PM
9:41 PM
Initial flux = 58 LMH
Flux after 5h = 34 LMH
* Science Institute of Vine and Wine** Laboratory of Mechanics, Modeling & Clean Processes
Permeate flow rate [l/h] Transmembrane pressure [bar] Turbidity [NTU]
Tran
smem
bran
e pr
essu
re [b
ar]
Turb
idity
[NTU
]
Perm
eate
flow
[lite
rs/h
ours
]
0
0,4
0,8
1,2
1,6
-
3 250
6 500
9 750
13 000
10:38:24 AM 11:31:12 AM 12:19:12 PM 1:07:12 PM 1:55:12 PM 2:43:12 PM 3:31:12 PM 4:19:12 PM 5:07:12 PM 6:19:12 PM
Initial flux = 110 LMH
Flux after 9h = 65 LMH
10:30 AM11:30 AM
12:20 PM
1:10 PM2:00 PM
2:45 PM3:30 PM
4:20 PM5:10 PM
6:20 PM
1.6
1.2
0.8
0.4
0
Success story at an Australian wine maker:
2470
0
Chardonnay 7 NTU
WHITE WINE CLARIFICATION
Crystar® Filtration Technology (FT)MICROFILTRATION MEMBRANES FOR
WINE CLARIFICATION
Crystar FT is composed of recrystallized silicon carbide (R-SiC), an outstanding ceramic material with a myriad of advanced mechanical, thermal and chemical properties.Attributed to their well-controlled and engineered microstructure of high-purity R-SiC from the membrane to the carrier, Crystar FT membranes feature:
KEY BENEFITS OF CRYSTAR® FT R-SiC MATERIAL
• Low adsorption of organic matter and other negatively charged compounds, enabling fast and efficient cleaning procedures in high-fouling liquids.
• Excellent efficiency in reducing high levels of suspended solids, bacteria, and other particulates in challenging streams.
• Enhanced permeate fluxes enabling higher throughput filtration at lower operating costs with more compact and lighter installations.
• Superior chemical resistance allowing the use of harsh cleaning agents.
• High thermomechanical resistance enables shorter chemical cleaning cycles at high temperature without risking structural damage to the membrane.
crystarfiltration.saint-gobain.com
saint-gobain-performance-ceramics-refractories
Saint-Gobain IndustrieKeramikRödental GmbHOeslauer Straße 35 · 96472 RödentalGermanyPhone +49 (0) 9563 7240
0.5%
0.4%
0.3%
0.2%
0.1%
0.0%
WEIGHT LOSS AFTER 200 HOURS + 200 HOURS OF CHEMICAL CORROSION
pH 14 - pH 0
pH13 - pH 1
Crystar FT 250 nm
Alumina 200 nm
Competing SiC 40 nm
TOGETHER WE MAKE THE MATERIAL DIFFERENCE
THERMAL SHOCK RESISTANCE ASSESSMENT BY HASSELMAN METHOD
The information contained in this document is believed to be accurate and reliable but is provided without guarantee or warranty on the part of Saint-Gobain IndustrieKeramik Rödental GmbH. Process parameters and requirements can impact typical values and test methods. Further, nothing present herein should be interpreted as an authorization or inducement to practice any patented invention without an appropriate license. Saint-Gobain IndustrieKeramik Rödental GmbH Terms and Conditions apply to all purchases.
SAINT-GOBAIN PERFORMANCE CERAMICS & REFRACTORIES
Temperature difference [°C]
Nor
mal
ized
bre
akin
g lo
ad
0,00
0,25
0,50
0,75
1,00
1,25
0,00 20,00 40,00 60,00 80,00 100,00 120,00 140,00 160,00 180,00
Thermal shock resistance assessment by Hasselman method
Nor
mal
ized
bre
akin
g lo
ad
Temperature difference [°C]
Crystar FT Titanium dioxide (TiO2) Alumina (Al2O3)
sold by Saint-Gobain today didn't exist
5 years ago
Nearly
patents filed in 2017
3700Researchers
100industrial groups
in the world
400product out of
1
Present in
countries
4
2018 net sales
billion
One of the top
67 €41.8