Slide 1

100 Points

Question: What objective lens magnification would I use to achieve a final magnification of 40X?

Answer: 4XFinal mag. = Ocular mag. (always 10X) x objective mag.

100 Points

Question: Name the 3 domains under which all living organisms are classified.Answer:ArchaeaBacteriaEukarya

7100 Points

Question: Simple staining utilizes a dye that is attached to a charged molecule, which may be attracted to or repelled by the bacterial membrane. What is the proper name for the molecule?

Answer: Chromophore

12100 Points

Question: Please list the following reagents or tasks in the order used for gram staining.95% Ethanol, Crystal violet, Safranin, Iodine, Heat fix

Answer: 1. Heat fix, 2. Crystal violet, 3. Iodine, 4. 95% Ethanol, 5. Safranin

17100 Points

Question: Whats the difference between the terms antimicrobial agent and antibiotics?

Answer: Antibiotics are made by microbes and antimicrobial agents cover both antibiotics and synthetic chemotherapeutic agents.

100 Points

Question: What enzyme performs the reaction below?

mRNA cDNAAnswer: Reverse transcriptase27

200 Points

Question: What is the arrow pointing at? Be very specific!

Answer:Fine adjustmentknob 200 Points

Question: What would you call a bacterium that likes salty, acidic living conditions?

Answer: Haloacidophile

8200 Points

Question: Fill in the blank. Transferring bacteria from one place to another without contamination is called _______ technique.

Answer: Sterile or Aseptic

13200 Points

Question: What molecule in the cell wall does an acid-fast stain detect?

Answer: Mycolic acid200 Points

Question: What is the term given for the zones of inhibition that collide as shown in this Kirby-Bauer test?

Answer: Antimicrobial synergism

200 Points

Question: If I performed the following experiment and expected a decrease in gene transcription for gene X in my experimental cells, what color dot would you expect the microarray to show for gene X?Answer: Green

28300 Points

Question: Name 3 types of compound light microscopes.

Answer:Bright-fieldDark-fieldPhase-contrast DissectingFluorescence

300 Points

Question: Identify the two tools shown below.

Answer:

Purple: Inoculating needleBlue: Inoculating loop

14Question: What is the most important step in Gram-staining and why?

Answer: DecolorizingToo long Destains all cells causing false negativesToo short Doesnt destain Gram(-) cells causing false positives

Daily Double300 Points

Question: Penicillin contains a functional group with a four membered ring. 1. What is the group called?2. What enzyme and cellular function does it inhibit?

Answer: -lactam ringTranspeptidase and cell wall cross-linking formation300 Points

Question: Put the following tasks in the order they are performed for a microarray:Print sequence on microarrayVisualize resultsIsolate mRNA from cellsCreate and label cDNAAnalyze data HybridizationAnswer: 1,3,4,6,2,5 29400 Points

Question: How many microliters (l) are in 5.5 milliliters (ml)?

Answer: 5500 l

5400 Points

Question: True or false. If false, why?Prokaryotes do not have microtubules, divide by mitosis, have a 70S ribosome, and a single circular chromosome.

Answer: False. Prokaryotes divide by fission or budding.

10400 Points

Question: What is the charge of the dye used in the picture and give two other examples of similar dyes.

Answer: The dye is acidic or negatively charged.nigrosin, India ink, acid fuchsin, congo red, eosin

15400 Points

Question: During a Gram stain, why does Gram(+) bacteria retain the stain while Gram(-) does not?

Answer:Gram(-) bacteria cell walls contain a high amount of lipid that is extracted by the decolorization step. The cell wall becomes porous and is unable to retain the stain. 400 Points

Question: Name three mechanisms of bacterial resistance to antibiotics.

Answer:Enzymatic alterationDecreased permeabilityEffluxAlteration of target siteProtection target siteOverproduction of targetBypass of inhibited processBind up of antibiotic

400 Points

Question: If the mRNA sequence for my gene is 5-UGGCA-3 then what would be my 5 to 3 cDNA sequence?

Answer: 5-TGCCA-330500 Points

Question: The ability of a lens to allow identification of two adjacent structures as discrete objects is called what?

Answer: Resolving power

6500 Points

Question: Please assign this bacteria with a name that denotes shape and arrangement.

Answer:Streptococcus

11500 Points

Question: What is the main procedural difference between basic and negative staining? What purpose does this difference in procedure serve?

Answer: Heat-fixing1. Kills the bacteria 2. Makes bacteria adhere to the slide 3. Coagulates cytoplasmic proteins to make them more visible upon staining.

16500 Points

Question: What type of differential stain is shown below? Name one component that is contained in the halo structure.

Answer:Capsule stainGlycocalyx = Polysaccharide, polyalcohol, or polyamine

500 Points

Question: Name two factors that have an effect on the zone of inhibition for the Kirby-Bauer test.

Answer:-Concentration of the test organism-Rate of growth of the test organism-Concentration of antibiotic in the disk-Diffusion of the antibiotic in the agar-Susceptibility of the organism to the antibiotic

500 Points

Question: Fill in the blank.Differences in gene expression determine a cells __________.

Answer: Phenotype31