Human - Microbe Interactions

Human - Microbe Interactions

Microbes are dependent on environmental conditions for survival.

Microbes make use of the human body as its ecological environment.

Microbes accumulate over time immediately after birth by simple environmental interactions.

Beneficial Bacteria

Bifidobacteria are vital for:

- The acidogenic bacteria in the intestinal tract of breast-

fed infants.

- Modulation of immune responses.

Beneficial Bacteria

Bifidobacteria are vital for:

-Inhibiting pathogens from colonizing gut mucosa.

- Breaking down of foods and the intake of nutrients into the body.

Beneficial Bacteria

Lactobacilli are involved in:

- Digestion

- Nutrient absorption

- Anti - tumor properties

- Vitamin production

Probiotics

Development of

mucousal barrier

Synthesis of vitamins

Immune system

activation

Production of short- chain fatty acids

Metabolism of bile acids

Reduction in pH of bowel

Pathogenic Bacteria

Enterococcus faecalis

- Found in the intestinal tract.

- Most commonly causes urinary tract infections.

- Epidermal parasitic skin diseases.

- Antibiotic resistant.

Beneficial Archaea

Methanobrevibacter Smithii

-Digestion of polysaccharides.

- Consume methane.

-Efficient energy production from fermented nutrients.

-Combat obesity.

Viral Interaction With Humans

Viruses

-Obligate cellular parasites

- Survival is entirely dependant on the cellular system they parasitize

-Associated with being mostly pathogenic

-Also have potential beneficial relationships with humans

Viruses To CURE CANCER!

Oncolytic Virotherapy

-1912, Regression of cervical cancer after being treated with Rabies vaccine

- Genetically modified Adenovirus injected in tumors to cause oncolysis

-Combination techniques are used to overcome challeges

Viruses To CURE CANCER!

Oncolytic Virotherapy

-The Modified Adenovirus Lysing Tumor Cells

Adenoviruses: COMMON COLD

Pharyngoconjunctical Fever

-Adenovirus Infection

- Symptoms Include;

→ High Fever

→ Pharyngitis and Enlargement of Lymph Nodes

→ Headache, Fatigue and Malaise

Adenoviruses: COMMON COLD

Pharyngoconjunctical Fever

-The Adenovirus

Viruses To CAUSE CANCER!

Oncolytic Viruses

-HTLV-1

- Causes Leukemia

-Infects T-Lymphocytes leading to uncontrolled proliferation

Virus to cure Virus

HHP-6 Versus HIV-1

-Replication of HIV can be suppressed by a co-infection of HHP-6

-Protects Dendric Cells from HIV infection

-Ultimately slows down the AIDS

Virus to cure Virus

HHP-6 Versus HIV-1

-HIV (green) budding from a T-lymphocyte

Conclusion

References

Dishon hiebner

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asymptomatic and AIDS patients. Intervirology 41:1–9.

-Alemany, R, Balagué, C and Curiel, DT (2000). Replicative adenoviruses for cancer therapy. Nat Biotechnol 18: 723–727.

Ayesha Gardee

-Curiel, DT (2000). The development of conditionally replicative adenoviruses for cancer therapy. Clin Cancer Res 6: 3395–3399.

-Deitch, M.D., Edwin A. (1990). Bacterial Translocation of the Gut Flora. Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care.30,184.

Yusuf Dhaler

-Fooks, L.J., Gibson, G.R. (2002). Probiotics as modulators of the gut flora. British Journal of Nutrition. 88, 39-49.

-Francisco, G., Juan, R.M. (2003). Gut flora in health and disease.The Lancet.361,512-519.

References

Michael Freeman

-Fuller, R. (1989). Probiotics in man and animals. Journal of Applied Microbiology.66, 365- 378.

-Gallo RC. The discovery of the first human retrovirus: HTLV-1 and HTLV-2. Retrovirology. Mar 2 2005;2:17.

Daniel Klonaros

-Paul, B.E., Elisabeth, M.B., Charles, N.B., Elizabeth P., Les, D., Michael, S., Steven, R.G., Karen E.N. and David A.R. (2005). Diversity of the Human Intestinal Microbial Flora. Science.308, 1635-1638.

-Russell KL, Broderic MP, Franklin SE, et al. Transmission dynamics and prospective environmental sampling of adenovirus in a military recruit setting. J Infect Dis. 2006;194:877–85. in this issue.

Hamzeh Majiet

-Samuel, B.S.; et al (2009).Genomic and metabolic adaptions of Methanobrevibactersmithii to the human gut.Center for genome sciences and genome sequencing center, UnitéMixte de Recherche 6098, Centre National de la RechercheScientifique, Universités.

-Solheim, M., Aakra, A., Snipen, L.G., Brede, D.G., Nes, I.F. (2009) Comparitive genomics of Enterococcus faecalisfrom healthy Norwegian infants.BMC Genomics(10:194) pages 1-11.

References

Yusuf Saboor

-Van Regenmortel MHV, Fauquet CM, Bishop DHL, Carstens EB, Estes MK, Lemon SM, Maniloff J, Mayo MA, McGeoch DJ, Pringle CR, Wickner RB. 7th Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. San Diego , Academic Press; 2000.

-Van den Berg MM, Benninga MA, Di Lorenzo C. (2006). Epidemiology of childhood constipation: a systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol. 101:2401-2409.

Farnaaz Khan

 -Wilhelm, H.H., Petra, H., Johannes, S., Ulrich, S., Jos, H.J., Huis, V. (1998). Overview of gut flora and probiotics. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 41, 85-101.

-Yamamoto, M (2004). Conditionally replicative adenovirus for gastrointestinal cancers. Expert Opin Biol Ther 4: 1241–1250.