Microbiological Reviews

VOLUME 44 0 NUMBER 4 0 DECEMBER 1980

EDITORIAL BOARD

HOWARD V. RICKENBERG, Editor (1984)National Jewish Hospital and Research Center

Denver, Colo.

Giovanna Ferro-Luzzi Ames (1982)Priscilla A. Campbell (1980)Ercole Canale-Parola (1981)Rowland H. Davis (1981)

Neal B. Groman (1982)Philip E. Hartman (1981)Elmer R. Pfefferkorn (1980)Jeanne S. Poindexter (1982)

Barry P. Rosen (1982)David Schlessinger (1981)Patricia G. Spear (1982)Meyer J. Wolin (1980)

EX OFFICIO

Albert Balows, President (1980-1981)Frederick C. Neidhardt, President-Elect (1980-1981)

J. Mehsen Joseph, SecretaryBrinton M. Miller, Treasurer

Gisella Pollock, Acting Managing EditorDavid R. Elwell, Production Editor

1913 1 St. NW, Washington, DC 20006

Microbiological Reviews considers for publication both solicited and unsolicited reviews and mono-graphs dealing with all aspects of microbiology. Manuscripts, proposals, and correspondence regardingeditorial matters should be addressed to the Editor, Dr. Howard V. Rickenberg, Division of Molecularand Cellular Biology, National Jewish Hospital and Research Center, Denver, CO 80206.

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ERRATUM

Evaluation of Nitrogen Fixation by Bacteria in Associationwith Roots of Tropical Grasses

P. VAN BERKUM AND B. B. BOHLOOL

U.S. Department ofAgriculture, Science and Education Administration, Agricultural Research, CellCulture and Nitrogen Fixation Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, and Department ofMicrobiology,

University ofHawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822

Vol. 44, no. 3, p. 494, column 1, line 40: "acetylene reduction (213). Witty (213)" should read"acetylene reduction (212). Witty (212)."

p. 496, column 2, line 18: "Plant Physiol. 63:S89" should read Plant Physiol. 63:S478."p. 496, column 2, line 46: "rates (175)" should read "rates (187)."p. 498, column 2, line 24: "in grasses (135)" should read "in grasses (136)."p. 498, column 2, line 47: "Azospirillum sp." should read "Azospirillum."p. 499, column 1, line 15: "activity (3, 70, 197, 203)" should read "activity (3, 71, 197, 203)."p. 503, column 2, line 13: "as wel (50, 170)" should read "as wel (50, 169)."p. 503, column 2, line 24: "(50, 170)" should read "(50, 169)."p. 503, column 2, line 32: '.'171)" should read "169)."p. 503, column 2, line 50: "Azospirillum spp. (50,170)" should read "Azospirillum spp. (50,169)."p. 503, column 2, line 54: "Schank et al. (170)" should read "Schank et al. (169)."p. 506, column 1, line 24: "pure culture (194)" should read "pure culture (193)."p. 507, column 1, line 16: "roots (64, 159)" should read "roots (64, 155)."p. 512, reference 72: "Eskew, D. O." should read "Eskew, D. L."p. 513, reference 78: "A. D. Rouira" should read "A. D. Rovira."p. 517, reference 205: "Vitranen" should read "Virtanen."

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AUTHOR INDEX

VOLUMES 40-44

Adhya, S., 40:527Agre, Nina S., 40:469Apperson, April, 44:385Aronson, Arthur I., 40:360Atherly, Alan G., 43:27Aufderheide, Karl J., 44:252

Bachmann, Barbara J., 40:116,44:1

Balch, W. E., 43:260Balish, Edward, 44:660Banerjee, Amiya K., 44:175Barksdale, Lane, 41:217Becker, Andrew, 42:529Becker, Yechiel, 42:274Benzinger, Rolf, 42:194Bia, F. J., 44:468Bibel, David J., 40:633Bizzini, Bernard, 43:224Bohlool, B. B., 44:491Bolin, Rex W., 40:313Botstein, David, 42:385Brill, Winston J., 44:449Brody, Stuart, 40:1Brown, A. D., 40:803

Campbell, Priscilla A., 40:284Canale-Parola, E., 41:181Carithers, Robert P., 43:384Chater, K. F., 44:206Chen, T. H., 40:633Chopra, I., 42:707Clowes, Royston C., 40:168Cocito, C., 43:145Cohen, Stanley N., 40:168Collins, Mike, 42:725Conrad, Robert S., 40:42Coote, J. G., 40:908Cosgrove, William B., 44:140Cremisi, Chantal, 43:297Cummings, Donald J., 40:313Curtiss, Roy, III, 40:168

Dajani, Adnan S., 40:722Daniel, Thomas M., 42:84Datta, Naomi, 40:168Decker, Karl, 41:100De Felice, Maurilio, 43:42Deinema, Maria H., 42:329De Ley, J., 41:1Demain, Arnold L., 41:449,44:230

Dills, Steven S., 44:385Doetsch, Raymond N., 40:259,

40:270, 42:521Doi, Roy H., 41:568

Donaldson, David M., 41:501Douglas, Steven D., 42:592Dow, C. S., 41:754Duckworth, Donna, 40:793Dulbecco, R., 43:443Dworkin, M., 40:276

Echols, Harrison, 42:577El Hafeez, Anees, 40:774

Falkow, Stanley, 40:168Farkas, V., 43:117Ferenci, Thomas, 42:251Fitzgerald, John W., 40:698Fitz-James, Philip, 40:360Fong, C. K. Y., 44:468Foster, John W., 44:83Foster, Kenneth W., 44:572Fox, G. E., 43:260Frankel, Joseph, 44:252Friedman, Robert M., 41:543Fuson, Gayle B., 42:161

Garvie, Ellen I., 44:106Goodnow, Robert A., 44:722Guardiola, John, 43:42Gupta, S. K., 41:822

Haddock, B. A., 41:47Hall, J. E., 42:661Hamada, Shigeyuki, 44:331Hartman, Philip E., 42:471Hastings, J. W., 43:496Henner, Dennis J., 44:57Heywood, Peter, 40:190Hoare, Derek S., 41:419Hoch, James A., 44:57Hofstad, Tor, 43:103Holloway, B. W., 43:73Holt, Patrick G., 41:205Holt, Stanley C., 42:114Hopwood, D. A., 41:595Howe, T. G. B., 42:707Hsiung, G. D., 44:468Huang, Alice S., 41:811

laccarino, Maurizio, 43:42Imsande, John, 42:67

Janicki, Bernard W., 42:84Jann, Barbara, 41:667Jann, Klaus, 41:667Jones, Colin W., 41:47Jungermann, Kurt, 41:100

Kalakoutskii, L. V., 40:469Kaneda, Toshi, 41:391Karl, David M., 44:739Katz, Edward, 41:449Keast, David, 41:205Kim, Kwang-Shin, 41:217Knowles, C. J., 40:652Koerner, James F., 43:199Krieg, Noel R., 40:55Krishnapillai, V., 43:73

Langworth, Barbara F., 41:373Lanyi, Janos K., 42:682Lechevalier, Hubert, 40:241Leisinger, T., 43:422Levinthal, Mark, 43:42Liddell, F. D. K., 42:237Lloyd, Kenneth O., 44:683Lomovskaya, Natalie D., 44:206Low, K. Brooks, 40:116, 44:1

Magee, Paul T., 40:190Maggon, K. K., 41:822Magrum, L. J., 43:260Makela, P. H., 40:591Makoff, A. J., 42:307Margraff, R., 43:422Martin, Juan F., 44:230Massey, Linda K., 40:42Mayer, H., 40:591McGhee, R. Barclay, 44:140Merrick, M. J., 41:595Metzenberg, Robert. L., 43:361Mkrtumian, Norah M., 44:206Moat, Albert G., 44:83Mogensen, S0ren C., 43:1Morgan, A. F., 43:73Morgan, Exeen M., 41:636Mortimer, Robert K., 44:519Mulder, E. G., 42:329Murialdo, Helios, 42:529, 42:577Murray, R. G. E., 40:259

Nealson, K. H., 43:496Nielsen, K. H., 42:661Novick, Richard P., 40:168

Omura, S., 40:6810rskov, Frits, 41:6670rskov, Ida, 41:667

Pastan, Ira, 40:527Patterson, M. Jevitz, 40:774Penn, M., 40:276Perry, Jerome J., 43:59

l1 AUTHOR INDEX

Phaff, H. J., 42:161Piggot, P. J., 40:908Porter, J. R., 40:260Price, C. W., 42:161Priest, Fergus G., 41:711

Quayle, J. Rodney, 42:251

Radford, A., 42:307Raetz, Christian R. H., 42:614Rapp, Fred, 41:636Razin, Shmuel, 42:414Reanney, Darryl C., 40:552Revel, H. R., 40:847Richards, Karen L., 42:592Roberts, Norbert J., Jr., 43:241Rodkey, L. Scott, 44:631Rogers, Thomas J., 44:660Rogolsky, Marvin, 43:320

Saier, Milton H., Jr., 41:856,44:385

Sanderson, Kenneth E., 42:471

Saunders, Venetia A., 42:357Schild, David, 44:519Schmidt, Mary R., 44:385Schmit, Joseph, C., 40:1Schwesinger, Marjorie D., 41:872Seed, J. R., 42:661Sherman, Irwin W., 43:453Silverman, Robert H., 43:27Slade, Hutton D., 44:331Smith, Arnold, 41:419Smith, H., 41:475, 44:303Smyth, Robert D., 44:572Snustad, D. Peter, 43:199Sokatch, John R., 40:42Stanier, Roger Y., 42:2Sugiyama, H., 44:419Susskind, Miriam M., 42:385Sweet, C., 44:303Swings, J., 41:1

Tagg, John R., 40:722Taylor, Austin L., 40:116Tew, John G., 41:501Thauer, Rudolf, 41:100

MICROBIOL. REV.

Tizard, Ian, 42:661Travassos, Luiz R., 44:683

van Berkum, P., 44:491van der Drift, C., 40:403van Veen, W. L., 42:329Venkitasubramanian, T. A.,41:822Vogels, G. D., 40:403

Wannamaker, Lewis W., 40:722Waterbury, John B., 42:2Weinberg, Eugene D., 42:45Whittenbury, R., 41:754Wickner, Reed B., 40:757Williams, Norman E., 44:252Witkin, Evelyn M., 40:869Woese, C. R., 43:260Wolfe, R. S., 43:260Wood, W. B., 40:847

Yoch, Duane C., 43:384

Zeikus, J. G., 41:515

SUBJECT INDEX

VOLUMES 40-44

Acetohydroxy acid synthase isoenzymesE. coli K-12, 43:42

Acholeplasmamembrane fluidity regulation, 42:414

Acholeplasma laidlawiisugar transport, 42:414viruses, 42:414

Acid-fastnessMycobacterium, 41:217

Actinomycetalesreproduction, 40:469

Actinomycetesantibiotic production, 41:595conjugation, 41:595control of sporulation, 40:469development, 40:469differentiation, 40:469life cycles, 40:469recombination, 41:595spore formation, 40:469

Actinorhodinbiosynthesis, 41:595

Additive recombinationbacteria, 41:872

Adenine nucleotidesfungal metabolism, 41:822microbial ecology, 44:739

Adenosine tetraphosphatein eucaryotes, 43:27

Adenosine triphosphatasemycoplasma membrane, 42:414

Adenosine triphosphatase complexesmorphology and location, 41:47proton-translating properties, 41:47purification of F,-ATPase, 41:47

Adenosine 5'-triphosphatebiomass indicator, 44:739

Adenosine triphosphate synthesisthermodynamic efficiency, 41:100

Adenylate cyclaseV. cholerae and enterotoxigenic E. coli, 42:592

Adenylyl sulfate reductasebacterial, 43:384

Adrenal cellseffects of V. cholerae and enterotoxigenic E. coli,42:592

Aerobic bacteriaferredoxin-dependent reactions, 43:384

Aerobic degradationenzymatic steps, 40:403of purines, 40:403

Aerobic soilssulfur cycle, 40:698

Aeromonas salmonicidacarbamoyl phosphate biosynthesis and utilization,42:307

Aerotaxis

in spirilla, 40:55Aflatoxins

biosynthesis, 41:822African trypanosomes

biologically active products, 42:661Agave sapZymomonas, 41:1

Air pollutioneffects on leukocytes, 41:205

Algaebleaching by virginiamycin family, 43:145

Algae, phototacticlight antennas, 44:572

Algal toxins, 42:725Alpha-toxin

S. aureus, 43:320Amidase systemPseudomonas, 43:73

Amino acid catabolismbranched chain, 40:42enoyl-CoA hydratases, 40:42enzymes common to, 40:42inhibition of growth by, 40:42

Amino acidsantagonism and growth inhibition, 43:42fluorescent pseudomonads, 43:422

Aminocyclitolsbiosynthesis, 41:595

Aminoglycosidesbiosynthesis, 41:595

Amphidinium spp.toxins, 42:725

a-AmylaseBacillus synthesis, 41:711

Anabaena flos-aquaetoxin, 42:725

Anaerobeschemotrophic, 41: 100energy conservation, 41:100

Anaeroplasmasecology, 42:414

AnestheticsAfrician trypanosomes, 42:661

Angiospermscarbamoyl phosphate biosynthesis and utilization,42:307

Animal cellschromatin replication, 43:297

Animal diseasesF. necrophorum, 41:373

Animals, domesticuse of virginiamycin family, 43:145

Antibiotic biosynthesiscontrol, 44:230

Antibiotic permeationE. coli membrane, 42:614

Antibiotic production

ii

iV SUBJECT INDEX

genetics, 41:595incidence, 41:595physiology, 41:595

Antibiotic resistancemutations that affect sporulation, 40:908Pseudomonas, 43:73

Antibiotics, virginiamycin familyaction, 43:145chemistry, 43:145physics, 43:145

Antibiotic synthetasesrepression and inhibition, 44:230

Antibody productionin absence of antigen stimulation, 44:631

AntigensE. coli, 41:667mycobacteria, 42:84

Antigens, Bacteroidaceaeserological responses, 43:103

Anti-idiotypesimmune response autoregulation, 44:631

Antimicrobial agentstemperature, 43:241

Aphanizomenon flos-aquaetoxin, 42:725

Aquaspirillum, 40:55aro anabolic enzyme aggregateNeurospora, 43:361

Aromaticsmicrobial cooxidation, 43:59

Asexual life cyclein N. crassa, 40:1

Aspergillus flavus subgroupmetabolites, 41:822mutant strains, 41:822

Aspergillus nidulansantibiotic synthesis, 41:595carbamoyl phosphate biosynthesis and utilization,42:307

Asporogenous mutants, 40:908Atmosphere

primitive, 42:251Atrophic rhinitis, swine

B. bronchiseptica, 44:722Autoimmune diseases

linkage to measles virus, 41:636Autotrophy

evolutionary aspects, 42:251relation with methylotrophy, 42:251

Avian systemscarbamoyl phosphate biosynthesis and utilization,42:307

Azospirillumtaxonomy, 44:491

Azospirillum brasilensenitrogenase, 44:491

Azotobacter vinelandiipyridine nucleotide cycle metabolism, 44:83respiratory chain energy conservation, 41:47respiratory protection of nitrogenase, 41:47

Bacillusbacteriocins, 40:722

Bacillus antibiotics

biosynthesis, 41:449, 41:595cell-free synthesis, 41:449enzymatic formation, 41:449functions, 41:449

Bacillus exoenzymesgenetic analysis, 41:711physiological functions, 41:711synthesis, 41:711

Bacillus fatty acidsanalysis, 41:391biosynthesis, 41:391branched-chain preference, 41:391

Bacillus subtiliscarbamoyl phosphate biosynthesis and utilization,42:307

chromosome, 44:57phage SPOl development, 41:568sporulation, 41:568

BacitracinsBacillus antibiotic, 41:449

Bacteriacarbohydrate transport, 44:385

Bacterial bioluminescencecontrol, 43:496ecological significance, 43:496

Bacterial cell-free systemsaction of virginiamycin family, 43:145

Bacterial endospore formationgenetic aspects, 40:908

Bacterial infectionexacerbation by influenza virus, 44:303

Bacterial infectionsB cells, 40:284cell-mediated immune mechanisms, 40:284humoral antibodies, 40:284T cells, 40:284

Bacterial plasmidsmolecular rearrangements, 40:168plasmid designations, 40:168plasmid gene abbreviations, 40:168uniform nomenclature for, 40:168

Bacterial respirationATPase complexes, 41:47A. vinelandii, 41:47E. coli, 41:47electron transport chains, 41:47P. denitrificans, 41:47

Bacterial spore coatcoat polypeptides, 40:360layers, 40:360morphogenesis, 40:360outer coat, 40:360structure, 40:360

Bacterial transport mechanismsphosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase,41:856

BacteriochlorophyllRhodospirillaceae, 42:357

Bacteriocinsclassification, 40:722detection, 40:722genetic determinants, 40:722in gram-positive bacteria, 40:722nomenclature, 40:722

MICROBIOL. REV.

VOL. 44, 1980

properties, 40:722Rhodospirillaceae, 42:357S. mutans, 44:331

Bacteriophaged'Herelle's discovery, 40:793E. coli, 42:614Rhodospirillaceae, 42:357spirilla, 40:55S. typhimurium, 42:471Twort's discovery, 40:793

Bacteriophage ADNA-helped E. coli transfection, 42:194DNA insertion, 41:872genome, 42:577head morphogenesis, 42:529polylysogens, 41:872RNA polymerase role in development, 41:568

Bacteriophage 0C31genetics, 44:206

Bacteriophage 4)C43DNA, 44:206

Bacteriophage 4C62DNA, 44:206

Bacteriophage head morphogenesiscomplex double-stranded DNA phages, 42:529

Bacteriophage infection, T-evenhost macromolecular synthesis shutoff, 43:199

Bacteriophage Mumolecular interactions, 41:872

Bacteriophage P22head morphogenesis, 42:529lysogeny, 42:385molecular genetics, 42:385S. typhimurium, 42:471transduction, 42:385virion, 42:385

Bacteriophage PBS1 transductionB. subtilis, 44:57

Bacteriophage Pg8lrestriction, 44:206

Bacteriophage P22-like temperate phagesmodular construction, evolutionary rationale, 42:

385Bacteriophage R4

restriction and modification, 44:206Bacteriophagesattachment sites, 41:872development in procaryotes, 41:568DNA, 41:872integration, 41:872transducing, 41:872

Bacteriophages, Streptomycesgenetics, 44:206molecular biology, 44:206

Bacteriophages, temperateheteroimmune to phage 4C31, 44:206

Bacteriophage SPOlRNA polymerase role in development, 41:568

Bacteriophage T4effect of canavanine on, 40:314genome, 40:847giant bacteriophage, 40:314head length control, 40:314morphogenesis, 40:314

SUBJECT INDEX v

RNA polymerase role in development, 41:568size determination of heads, 40:314

Bacteriophage T7RNA polymerase role in development, 41:568

BacteriorhodopsinH. halobium, 42:682

Bacteroidaceaeserological classification, 43:103

Bacteroidaceae, antigensserological responses, 43:103

B-cell mitogen receptor idiotypesimmune response autoregulation, 44:631

B cellscell-mediated immunity, 40:284in humoral antibody production, 40:284

BeerZymomonas, 41:1

Beta-lysinbiological characteristics, 41:501physical characteristics, 41:501platelet origin, 41:501release from platelets, 41:501

Beta-toxinS. aureus, 43:320

Biochemical geneticsin N. crassa, 40:1

Bioluminescencebacterial, 43:496

Bioluminescence assaysmicrobial ecology, 44:739

Biomedical researchguinea pig viruses, 44:468

Bordetella bronchisepticaclassification, 44:722description, 44:722diseases, 44:722economic effects, 44:722immunity, 44:722

Bordetellosiscanine, 44:722feline, 44:722

Botulismpathogenic forms, 44:419

Branched-chain amino acids, 40:42Branched-chain fatty acids

Bacillus, 41:391Brine shrimp

spirochetes, 42:114Bullfrogcarbamoyl phosphate biosynthesis and utilization,

42:307Butirosin

biosynthesis, 41:595

Canavanineeffect on phage T4, 40:314mechanisms, 40:314

Candida albicansimmunity to, 44:660

Candidiasis, human mucocutaneouscell-mediated immunity, 44:660

Capsular antigensBacteroidaceae, 43:103

Carbamoyl phosphate biosynthesis and utilization inpyrimidine biosynthetic pathway

vi SUBJECT INDEX

genetics and biochemistry, 42:307Carbohydrate metabolismautotrophy evolution, 42:251

Carbohydrate transportbacteria, 44:385Plasmodium, 43:453

Carbon catabolite regulationantibiotic biosynthesis, 44:230

Carbon dioxide fixationautotrophy evolution, 42:251

Carbon limitationmicrobial ecology, 44:739

Carcinogen/mutagen detectionS. typhimurium, 42:471

CardiolipinE. coli membrane, 42:614

Cardiolipin synthetaseE. coli membrane, 42:614

CariesS. mutans, 44:331

Carotenoid biosynthesis genesR. capsulata, 42:357

Carotenoid pigmentsspirochetes, 41:181

Cl assimilation sequencesautotrophy evolution, 42:251

Catabolic enzyme mutantsE. coli, 42:614

Catsbordetellosis, 44:722

Caulerpa spp.toxins, 42:725

Cells, animalchromatin replication, 43:297

Cell wall

methanogens, 43:260Cell wall biosynthesis

fungi, 43:117Cephalosporium acremonium

antibiotic synthesis, 41:595Ceratocystis

biochemistry, 44:683ecology, 44:683morphology, 44:683

Ceruleninaction mechanism, 40:681fatty acid synthesis inhibitor, 40:681physicochemical properties, 40:681producing strain, 40:681

Challenge experimentsanalysis, 42:237design, 42:237survival evaluation, 42:237

Cheatomorpha minima toxin, 42:725Chemoheterotrophic spirilla, 40:55Chemotaxis

in spirilla, 40:55Chemotrophic anaerobic bacteria

energy conservation, 41:100energy-consuming process, 41:100energy-providing processes, 41:100hydrogenation reactions, 41:100protonmotive force, 41:100

MICROBIOL. REV.

thermodynamic efficiency of ATP synthesis,41:100

Chitinfungal cell wall, 43:117

Chlamydiaeclassification, 42:274development, 42:274molecular biology, 42:274parasitized eucaryocytes, 42:274

Chlamydomonaslight antenna, 44:572

Chlorophyceaelight antennas, 44:572

Chlorophycophytatoxins, 42:725

Chlorophyll synthesisR. vannielii, 41:754

Chloroplasts, eucaryotespresence of guanosine tetraphosphate, 43:27

Cholesterolmycoplasma membrane, 42:414

Chromatin replicationanimal cells, 43:297papovaviruses, 43:297

Chrooccidiopsis development and taxonomy, 42:2Chrysophyceae

light antennas, 44:572Chrysophycophyta

toxins, 42:725Ciders and perriesZymomonas, 41:1

Citrobacter freundiicarbamoyl phosphate biosynthesis and utilization,42:307

Clostridiaferredoxin-dependent reactions, 43:384

Clostridiumbacteriocins, 40:722

Clostridium botulinumtoxin, 44:419

Clostridium butylicumpyridine nucleotide cycle metabolism, 44:83

Coccoid bodiesin spirilla, 40:55

Coenzyme F420methanogens, 43:260

Coenzyme Mmethanogens, 43:260

ColistinBacillus antibiotic, 41:449

Commensal luminous bacteriadistribution, 43:496habitats, 43:496

Complex double-stranded DNA phage headmorphogenesis, 42:529

Concatemersphage P22 DNA replication, 42:385

Conidiabiochemical changes in germination of, 40:1structure and composition in N. crassa, 40:1

Conidial germinationin N. crassa, 40:1

Conjugationantibiotic-producing microorganisms, 41:595

VOL. 44, 1980

Rhodospirillaceae, 42:357S. typhimurium, 42:471

ConsumptionsBenjamin Marten's "new theory," 42:521

Convergent evolution hypothesisspirochetes, 41:181

Cooxidation, microbialhydrocarbons, 43:59

Coprinus radiatuscarbamoyl phosphate biosynthesis and utilization,42:307

CO2 reductasebacterial, 43:384

Corynebacteriumbacteriocins, 40:722

*C31 phagegenetics, 44:206

4C43 phageDNA, 44:206

4C62 phageDNA, 44:206

Crithidia fasciculatacarbamoyl phosphate biosynthesis and utilization,42:307

Cryptic plasmidsS. typhimurium, 42:471

Cryptomonaslight antenna, 44:572

Cryptophyceaelight antennas, 44:572

Cyanideassimilation, 40:652diseases, 40:652production by bacteria, 40:652production by fungi, 40:652resistance and detoxication, 40:652

Cyanobacteriapleurocapsalean, 42:2toxins, 42:725

CyanophageRhodospirillaceae, 42:357

Cyanophycophytatoxins, 42:725

Cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphateeffect on eucaryotic cells, 42:592in E. coli, 40:527microbial ecology, 44:739operon activation, 40:527regulation of gene expression, 40:527synthesis, 40:527

Cyclic nucleotidesBacillus exoenzyme synthesis, 41:711

Cycloparaffinicsmicrobial cooxidation, 43:59

Cytidine 5'-diphosphate diglycerideE. coli membrane phospholipid synthesis, 42:614

Cytidine 5'-diphosphate diglyceride hydrolaseE. coli membrane phospholipid breakdown, 42:614

CytochromesR. vannielii, 41:754

Cytomegalovirus, guinea pigsinfection in vivo, 44:468

Cytoplasmic membrane systemMycobacterium, 41:217

SUBJECT INDEX vii

Cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus messengerribonucleic acid

5'-terminal cap structure, 44:175

Debaryomyces genome comparison and taxonomy,42:161

Defective interfering particlesinterference, 41:811structure, 41:811

Delta-toxinS. aureus, 43:320

Dental cariesS. mutans, 44:331

Deoxyribonucleic acidchromatin replicaetion, 43:297Streptomyces phages, 44:206

Deoxyribonucleic acid base compositionmethanogens, 43:260

Deoxyribonucleic acid degradationT-even phage infection, 43:199

Deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent DNA polymerasechlamydial elementary bodies, 42:274

Deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent RNA polymerasechlamydial elementary bodies, 42:274

Deoxyribonucleic acid phages, complex double-stranded

head morphogenesis, 42:529Dermocarpa development and taxonomy, 42:2Dermocarpella development and taxonomy, 42:2Desulfovibrio

ferredoxin-dependent reactions, 43:384Detergent-resistant phospholipase A

E. coli membrane, 42:614Detergent-sensitive phospholipase A

E. coli membrane phospholipid breakdown, 42:614d'Herelle, Felix

discovery of bacteriophage, 40:793Diadenosine tetraphosphate

in eucaryotes, 43:27Diethylaminoethyl-dextran host cell treatment

effect on chlamydial growth, 42:274Diglyceride cycle

E. coli membrane phospholipid synthesis, 42:614Diglyceride kinase

E. coli membrane, 42:614Diguanosine tetraphosphate

in eucaryotes, 43:27Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase

bacterial, 43:384Dihydroxyacetone phosphate-aspartate pathway

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis,44:83

Dinoflagellateslight antennas, 44:572

Dinophyceaelight antennas, 44:572

DisinfectionATP measurements, 44:739

Dogsbordetellosis, 44:722

Double-stranded DNA phages, complexhead morphogenesis, 42:529

"Double-yolk" cellsR. vannieli4 41:754

Viii SUBJECT INDEX

Drosophila melanogastercarbamoyl phosphate biosynthesis and utilization,42:307

Dysentery, swinespirochetes, 42:114

EdeineBacillus antibiotic, 41:449

Electron transportmycoplasma membrane, 42:414Rhodospirillaceae, 42:357

Electron transport chainsbacteria, 41:47

Encephalitis in micedefective interfering particle-mediated

interference, 41:811vesicular stomatitis virus-caused, 41:811

EndocarditisS. mutans, 44:331

Endospore formationgenetic aspects, 40:908initiation, 40:908

Energy conservationchemotrophic anaerobic bacteria, 41:100

Energy conversionH. halobium, 42:682

Enoyl-CoA hydratasesin branched-chain amino acid catabolism, 40:42

Enterobacteriaceaenicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-independent

lactate dehydrogenases, 44:106Enterobacteriaceae, transfection

applications, 42:194mechanisms, 42:194techniques, 42:194

Enterobacterial common antigenchemistry, 40:591clinical implications, 40:591genetic determination, 40:591serological methods, 40:591

Enterotoxigenic E. colieffects on eucaryotic cells, 42:592

Enterotoxins, E. coli and V. choleraeeffects on eucaryotic cells, 42:592

Enzymes, iron-sulfurbacterial, 43:384

Erythrocyte ghostseffects of V. cholerae and enterotoxigenic E. coli,42:592

ErythrocytesPlasmodium infection, 43:453

Escherichia coliantigens, 41:667carbamoyl phosphate biosynthesis and utilization,42:307

carbohydrate transport, 44:385complex double-stranded DNA phage head

morphogenesis, 42:529cyanide-resistant respiration, 40:652cyclic AMP, 40:527electron transport, 41:47enterotoxigenic, effects on eucaryotic cells, 42:592fimbriae, 41:667map comparison with B. subtilis, 44:57

MICROBIOL. REV.

membrane phospholipid synthesis, 42:614nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-independent

lactate dehydrogenase, 44:106phosphoenoltransferase system, 41:856plasmid-determined tetracycline resistance, 42:707transfection, 42:194UV mutagenesis, 40:869

Escherichia coli K-12clustering of gene loci, 40:116linkage map, 44:1recalibrated linkage map, 40:116valine and growth inhibition, 43:42

Eubacteriaantibiotic production, 41:595phosphoenoltransferase system, 41:856

Eucaryotesoccurrence of guanosine tetraphosphate and other

unusual nucleotides, 43:27Eucaryotic cell biology

contributions of microbiology, 43:443Eucaryotic cells

chlamydial parasitism, 42:274effects of V. cholerae and enterotoxigenic E. coli,42:592

Eucaryotic messenger ribonucleic acids5'-terminal cap structure, 44:175

Eucaryotic suborganellar systemsaction of virginiamycin family, 43:145

Euglenalight antenna, 44:572

Euglenophyceaelight antennas, 44:572

Eustigmatophyceaelight antennas, 44:572

Evolutionautotrophy, 42:251P22-like temperate phages, 42:385Rhodospirillaceae genetics, 42:357

Exfoliative toxinS. aureus, 43:320

Exoenzyme synthesisBacillus, 41:711procaryotes, 41:711

Exospore formationR. vannielii, 41:754

Exotoxins, V. cholerae and enterotoxigenic E. colieffects on eucaryotic cells, 42:592

Extrachromosomal elementsas agents of evolution, 40:552gene transfer, 40:552in mutation, 40:552natural genetic engineering, 40:552phage conversion, 40:552RNA tumor viruses, 40:552

Fat cellseffects of V. cholerae and enterotoxigenic E. coli,42:592

Fatty acidsAfrican trypanosomes, 42:661E. coli membrane, 42:614mycoplasma membrane, 42:414

Fatty acid synthesiscerulenin as inhibitor, 40:681

VOL. 44, 1980

Fatty acid systemsBacillus, 41:391

Ferredoxinsbacterial, 43:384

Ferret tissueinfluenza virus replication, 44:303

Ferric chelatesmicrobial iron acquisition, 42:45

Fibroblastseffects of V. cholerae and enterotoxigenic E. coli,42:592

FimbriaeE. coli, 41:667

Flora, microbialimmunity to C. albicans, 44:660

Fluorescent pigmentsfluorescent pseudomonads, 43:422

Fluorescent pseudomonadssecondary metabolites, 43:422

Food poisoningC. botulinum toxin, 44:419

Fornaldehydeautotrophy evolution, 42:251

Formate-aspartate pathwaynicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis,44:83

Formate dehydrogenasebacterial, 43:384

F' plasmidderivatives, 41:872

Fructose-specific phosphoenoltransferase systemphotosynthetic bacteria, 41:856

Fungiaflatoxin-producing, 41:822antibiotic-producing, 41:595carbamoyl phosphate biosynthesis and utilization,42:307

cell wall biosynthesis, 43:117metabolism, 41:822

Fusobacterium necrophorumanimal diseases and chemotherapy, 41:373description, 41:373immunity, 41:373

Fusobacterium nucleatumP2 antigen, 43:103

Gamma-toxinS. aureus, 43:320

Garden peacarbamoyl phosphate biosynthesis and utilization,42:307

Gastrointestinal tractspirochetes, 42:114

Gene, transformingviral, 43:443

Gene expressionrole of cyclic AMP, 40:527

Genetic mapS. cerevisiae, 44:519

Genetic transformationEnterobacteriaceae, 42:194Rhodospirillaceae, 42:357S. typhimurium, 42:471

"Gene transfer agent"

SUBJECT INDEX ix

R. capsulata, 42:357Geotaxis

in spirilla, 40:55a(1-.6)Glucanase

S. mutans, 44:331Glucans

fungal cell wall, 43:117Glucosyltransferase

S. mutans, 44:331Glutamate synthase

bacterial, 43:384Glutamine phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amido

transferasebacterial, 43:384

Glycerol transportE. coli, 44:385

Glycogenchlamydial reticulate bodies, 42:274Sphaerotilus-Leptothrix group, 42:329

Glycolipidsmycoplasma membrane, 42:414

Glycolysisfungal metabolism, 41:822

Glycolytic substrate-linked phosphorylationprimitive carbohydrate metabolism, 42:251

Glycoprotein hormonessimilarities to V. cholerae and enterotoxigenic E.

coli toxins, 42:592Glycoproteinsmycoplasma membrane, 42:414

Gonyaulax spp.toxins, 42:725

Gramicidin SBacillus antibiotic, 41:449

Gram-negative bacteria, envelopestructure and Enterobacteriaceae transfection,

42:194structure and function, 42:614tetracycline passage, 42:707

Gram-positive bacteriacytoplasmic membrane, tetracycline passage,42:707

envelope structure, Enterobacteriaceaetransfection, 42:194

penicillinase synthesis, genetic regulation, 42:67GranulomaMycobacterium, 41:217

Grassesnitrogen fixation with bacteria, 44:491

Group B streptococcidiagnosis, 40:774diseases, 40:774pathogenesis, 40:774treatment, 40:774virulence factors, 40:774

Guanosine 5'-monophosphateeffects of V. cholerae and enterotoxigenic E. colion eucaryotic cells, 42:592

Guanosine tetraphosphateE. coli membrane phospholipid synthesis, 42:614in eucaryotes, 43:27in procaryotes, 43:27microbial ecology, 44:739

Guanosine 5'-triphosphate

x SUBJECT INDEX

microbial ecology, 44:739Guanylyltransferasesmessenger RNA 5'-terminal cap structure, 44:175

Guinea pig virusesbiomedical research, 44:468

Gymnodinum spp.toxins, 42:725

Haemophiluspyridine nucleotide cycle metabolism, 44:83

Halobacterium cutirubrumcarbamoyl phosphate biosynthesis and utilization,42:307

Halobacterium halobiumlight energy conversion, 42:682

Halophilic organismsalgae, 40:803bacteria, 40:803

Haploid systemapplication of biometrical methods, 41:595

Haptophyceaelight antennas, 44:572

Head length controleffect of canavanine, 40:314phage T4, 40:314size determination, 40:314

Hemagglutininyeast DNA interaction, 42:161

HemolysinsAfrican trypanosomes, 42:661

HepatotoxinsAfrican trypanosomes, 42:661

Herpes-like virus, guinea pigsinfection in vivo, 44:468

Herpesviruses, guinea pigsbiomedical research, 44:468

Heterocaryon analysisin N. crassa, 40:1

HeteroclonesStreptomyces, 41:595

HeterokaryonsStreptomyces, 41:595

Hexose skeletonsautotrophy evolution, 42:251

Hfr plasmidformation, 41:872

his operon of E. coliK antigens determined near, 41:667

Histoneschromatin replication, 43:297

Hormonal factorsimmunity to C. albicans, 44:660

Host defensetemperature, 43:241

Humansuse of virginiamycin family, 43:145

Human tissueinfluenza virus replication, 44:303

Humoral antibodiesagglutinins, 40:284bacteriolysins, 40:284opsonins, 40:284precipitins, 40:284

Hydrocarbons

MICROBIOL. REV.

microbial cooxidation, 43:59Hydrogenase

bacterial, 43:384Hydrogenation reactionschemotrophic anaerobic bacteria, 41:100

Hydrogen evolutionnitrogen fixation, 44:449

Hydrogen evolution and uptakenitrogen fixation, 44:491

Hydrolytic enzymesE. coli membrane phospholipid breakdown, 42:614

w-Hydroxylasebacterial, 43:384

Hyperferremiairon and infection, 42:45

Hyperthermiaeffects, 43:241

Hypothermiaeffects, 43:241

Idiotype network interactionsimmune response autoregulation, 44:631

Ileal loop assayeffects of V. cholerae and enterotoxigenic E. colion eucaryotic cells, 42:592

Immune functiontemperature, 43:241

Immune mechanismsblastogenic factor, 40:284chemotactic factor, 40:284macrophage chemotactic factor, 40:284migration inhibition factor, 40:284transfer factor, 40:284

Immune responseinfection with Bacteroidaceae, 43:103

Immune response, effectsiron, 42:45V. cholerae and enterotoxigenic E. coli, 42:592

Immune responsesautoregulation via idiotype network interactions,

44:631Immunity

to C. albicans, 44:660Immunocompetent cells

cell-mediated mechanisms, 40:284in resistance to infection, 40:284

Immunoglobulin epitopesimmune response autoregulation, 44:631

Immunological functionenvironmentally induced changes, 41:205leukocytes, 41:205serology, 41:205tobacco smoke exposure, 41:205

Infectioneffects of iron, 42:45

Infection, Bacteroidaceaedetection, 43:103immune response, 43:103immunoprophylaxis, 43:103

Infection, T-even phagehost macromolecular synthesis shutoff, 43:199

Infection, virusrole of macrophages in resistance, 43:1

Influenza virus

VOL. 44, 1980

pathogenicity, 44:303Influenza virus messenger ribonucleic acid

5'-terminal cap structure, 44:175Insectsmycoplasmas, 42:414spirochetes, 42:114

Interferon host cell treatmenteffect on chlamydial growth, 42:274

Interferonsantiviral activity, 41:543measles virus induction, 41:636

InvertaseS. mutans, 44:331

Invertebratescarbamoyl phosphate biosynthesis and utilization,42:307

5-Iodo-2'-deoxyuridine host cell treatmenteffect on chlamydial growth, 42:274

Iron and infectionhost iron-withholding activity, 42:45immune response, 42:45microbial iron acquisition, 42:45phagocytosis, 42:45

Iron limitationmicrobial ecology, 44:739

Iron oxidationSphaerotilus-Leptothrix group, 42:329

Iron-sulfur proteinsbacterial, 43:384

Isoenzymes, acetohydroxy acid synthaseE. coli K-12, 43:42

Joblot, Louismicroscopes, 40:190monographs, 40:190

K antigensE. coli, 41:667

Kinetochoresin protist meiosis, 40:190

Kitasato, Shibasaburocontroversy versus Yersin, 40:633discovery of plague bacillus, 40:633

Klebsiellacross-reactions with E. coli 0 antigens, 41:667

Klebsiellapneumoniaenif gene, 44:449

Koch, Robertscientific accomplishments, 40:276theory of pleomorphism, 40:276

Lactate dehydrogenasesbacteria, 44:106

Lactate productionbacteria, 44:106

Lactate racemasesbacteria, 44:106

Lactic acid bacterianicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-independent

lactate dehydrogenases, 44:106Lactobacillus

pyridine nucleotide cycle metabolism, 44:83Lactobacillus leichmannii

SUBJECT INDEX xi

carbamoyl phosphate biosynthesis and utilization,42:307

Lactose-proton symportbacteria, 44:385

Lactose uptakebacteria, 44:385

LectinsS. mutans reactivity, 44:331

Leptothrix spp.genetic relationships, 42:329growth, 42:329iron oxidation, 42:329Mn2+ oxidation, 42:329nomenclature, 42:329taxonomy, 42:329

LeucocidinS. aureus, 43:320

Leuconostocpyridine nucleotide cycle metabolism, 44:83

Leukocyteseffects of atmospheric contaminants, 41:205

LevansucraseBacillus synthesis, 41:711

Light antennasphototactic algae, 44:572

Light energy conversionH. halobium, 42:682

Light organ symbiontsluminous bacteria, 43:496

Lipid biosynthesisfungi, 41:822Mycobacterium, 41:217Plasmodium, 43:453

Lipid compositionmethanogens, 43:260

Lipid metabolism enzymesmycoplasma membrane, 42:414

Lipidschlamydiae, 42:274chlamydia-infected cells, 42:274E. coli membrane, 42:614fluorescent pseudomonads, 43:422mycoplasma membrane, 42:414

LipopolysaccharidesBacteroidaceae, 43:103mycoplasma membrane, 42:414spirochete outer sheath, 42:114trypanosomes, 42:661

Lipoteichoic acidS. mutans, 44:331

Listeriabacteriocins, 40:722

Lithotrophsmetabolism, 41:419specialists, 41:419

Luminescent system, bacterialcontrol, 43:496

Luminous bacteriadistribution, 43:496habitats, 43:496taxonomic relationships, 43:496

Lupus erythematosus, systemiclinkage to measles virus, 41:636

Lymphocyte immune response

xii SUBJECT INDEX

effects of V. cholerae and enterotoxigenic E. coli,42:592

Lymphoid cell line immune responseeffects of V. cholerae and enterotoxigenic E. coli,42:592

Lysogenymycoplasma viruses, 42:414phage P22, 42:385

LysophospholipasesE. coli membrane phospholipid breakdown, 42:614

Lysozyme-ethylenediaminetetraacetate spheroplasttechnique

Enterobacteriaceae transfection, 42:194

Macrolidesbiosynthesis, 41:595

Macrophagesrole in virus infection resistance, 43:1

Malarial parasites (see Plasmodium)Maltose transport

E. coli, 44:385Mammalian systemscarbamoyl phosphate biosynthesis and utilization,42:307

Manganese dioxide reductionLeptothrix spp., 42:329

Manganous ion oxidationSphaerotilus-Leptothrix group, 42:329

Mannitol-specific phosphoenoltransferase systemS. auranatia, 41:856

M antigenE. coli, 41:667

MapB. subtilis, 44:57E. coli K-12, 44:1

Marten, Benjamin"new theory of consumptions," 42:521

Measles virusassociated diseases, 41:636interferon synthesis induction, 41:636replication, 41:636structure, 41:636temperature-sensitive mutants, 41:636virus-cell interactions, 41:636

Medical microbiologymicrobial genetics, Pseudomonas, 43:73

Meiosisprotist, 40:190

Melibiose-sodium cotransportE. coli, 44:385S. typhimurium, 44:385

Membrane-bound enzymesE. coli, 42:614mycoplasmas, 42:414

2-Mercaptoethanesulfonic acidmethanogens, 43:260

Messenger ribonucleic acidBacillus exoenzyme synthesis, 41:711

Messenger ribonucleic acid (guanine-7-)methyl-transferase

messenger RNA 5'-terminal cap structure, 44:175Messenger ribonucleic acid guanylyltransferasemessenger RNA 5'-terminal cap structure, 44:175

Messenger ribonucleic acids, eucaryotic

5'-terminal cap structure, 44:175Metazoacarbamoyl phosphate biosynthesis and utilization,

42:307Methanobacteriaceae

description, 43:260Methanobacteriales

description, 43:260Methanobacterium

description, 43:260Methanobacterium bryantii

description, 43:260Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum

autotrophic growth, 41:514Methanobrevibacter

description, 43:260Methanobrevibacter smithii

description, 43:260Methanococcaceae

description, 43:260Methanococcales

description, 43:260Methanococcus

description, 43:260Methanococcus voltae

description, 43:260Methanogenic bacteria

ecological aspects, 41:514methods for study, 41:514physiological aspects, 41:514properties, 41:514

Methanogeniumdescription, 43:260

Methanogensdescription, 43:260reevaluation, 43:260taxonomy, 43:260

Methanomicrobiaceaedescription, 43:260

Methanomicrobialesdescription, 43:260

Methanomicrobiumdescription, 43:260

Methanosarcinadescription, 43:260

Methanosarcinaceaedescription, 43:260

Methanospirillumdescription, 43:260

4-Methoxybenzoate-O-demethylasebacterial, 43:384

Methylotrophsmetabolism, 41:419specialists, 41:419

Methylotrophyrelation with autotrophy, 42:251

2'-O-Methyltransferasemessenger RNA 5'-terminal cap structure, 44:175

Methyltransferasesmessenger RNA 5'-terminal cap structure, 44:175

Microbial floraimmunity to C. albicans, 44:660

Microbial surfacesbacteria, 41:475

MICROBIOL. REV.

VOL. 44, 1980

relation to pathogenicity, 41:475virus, 41:475

Microbial water stresscompatible solutes, 40:803ecological aspects, 40:803halophilic algae, 40:803halophilic bacteria, 40:803physicochemical parameters, 40:803xerotolerant yeasts, 40:803

Microcystis aeruginosa toxin, 42:725Micromonospora

recombination, 41:595Microscopes

historical, 40:241van Leeuwenhoek's, 40:260

Microthamniumlight antenna, 44:572

Mineral requirementsSphaerotilus-Leptothrix group, 42:329

Minimum lethal doseinverse prediction, 42:237

Mitochondria, eucaryotespresence of guanosine tetraphosphate, 43:27

MitogensAfrican trypanosomes, 42:661

Molybdenumnitrogen fixation, 44:449

Mononuclear phagocyte systemmacrophages and virus infections, 43:1

Mouse tissueinfluenza virus replication, 44:303

Mucocutaneous candidiasis, humancell-mediated immunity, 44:660

Multiple sclerosislinkage to measles virus, 41:636

Mung beancarbamoyl phosphate biosynthesis and utilization,42:307

Murine leukemia virusinterferon inhibition of replication, 41:543

MutacinsS. mutans, 44:331

Mutagen/carcinogen detectionS. typhimurium, 42:471

Myceliastructure and composition in N. crassa, 40: 1

MycobacilHinBacillus antibiotic, 41:449

Mycobacterial antigenschemistry, 42:84immunological properties, 42:84isolation, 42:84nomenclature, 42:84

Mycobacteriophageshost cell-destroying enzyme induction, 41:217lysogeny and pseudolysogeny, 41:217serology, 41:217

Mycobacteriumacid-fastness, 41:217antigen, 41:217cell wall, 41:217cytoplasmic membrane synthesis, 41:217granulomas, 41:217immune response, 41:217

SUBJECT INDEX xiii

lipid biosynthesis, 41:217morphology, 41:217mycobacteriophages, 41:217pyridine nucleotide cycle metabolism, 44:83

Mycoplasmasecology, 42:414genome, 42:414growth and morphology, 42:414membrane, 42:414pathogenicity, 42:414viruses, 42:414

Myxosarcina development and taxonomy, 42:2

Neurological diseaselinkage to measles virus, 41:636

Neurosporagenetic control mechanisms, 43:361life cycle, 43:361natural history, 43:361

Neurospora crassaasexual life cycle, 40:1biochemical genetics, 40:1breaking of dormancy, 40:1carbamoyl phosphate biosynthesis and utilization,42:307

conidial germination, 40:1structure of conidia and mycelia, 40:1

NeurotoxinC. botulinum, 44:419

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesismicrobial systems, 44:83

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-independentlactate dehydrogenases

bacteria, 44:106Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-linked lactate

dehydrogenasesbacteria, 44:106

Nicotinamide nucleotide coenzymesrole in fungal metabolism, 41:822

Nisinbiosynthesis, 41:595

Nitrate reductase (dissimilatory)bacterial, 43:384

Nitrificationaflatoxigenic fungi, 41:822

NitrogenaseA. brasilense, 44:491A. vinelandii, 41:47bacterial, 43:384biochemistry, 44:449photosynthesis, 44:491

Nitrogen fixationbacteria with tropical grass roots, 44:491biochemical genetics, 44:449in spirilla, 40:55

Nitrogen limitationmicrobial ecology, 44:739

Nitrogen metabolite regulationantibiotic biosynthesis, 44:230

Nitrogen sourcesSphaerotilus-Leptothrix group, 42:329

Nocardia mediterraneirecombination, 41:595

Noctiluca miliaris toxin, 42:725

XiV SUBJECT INDEX

NodulationRhizobium, 44:449

Nonmeiotic systemsapplication of biometrical methods, 41:595

Nuclear disruptionT-even phage infection, 43:199

NucleasesE. coli transfection, 42:194

Nucleic acid biosynthetic enzymeschlamydial reticulate bodies, 42:274

Nucleic acid metabolismfungi, 41:822

Nucleic acidsPlasmodium, 43:453

Nucleoid unfolding, hostT-even phage infection, 43:199

Nucleosomeschromatin replication, 43:297

Nucleotide fingerprintsmicrobial ecology, 44:739

Nucleotide precursorsBacillus exoenzyme synthesis, 41:711

Nucleotides, adeninefungal metabolism, 41:822

Nucleotides, cyclicBacillus exoenzyme synthesis, 41:711

Nucleotides, highly phosphorylatedBacillus exoenzyme synthesis, 41:711

Nucleotides, unusualin eucaryotes, 43:27in procaryotes, 43:27

O antigensE. coli, 41:667

Oceanospirillum, 40:55Ochromonas spp.

toxins, 42:725Oligosaccharides, membrane-derived

E. coli, 42:614Oral streptococci

identification, 44:331isolation, 44:331

Oudemansiella mucidaantibiotic synthesis, 41:595

Oxygenaseshydrocarbon cooxidation, 43:59

Oxytetracycline hydrochloridebacterial resistance, 42:707

Palm sapZymomonas, 41:1

Panencephalitis, subacute sclerosinglinkage to measles virus, 41:636

P2 antigenF. nucleatum, 43:103

Papovaviruseschromatin replication, 43:297

Paracoccus denitrificanselectron transport, 41:47

Paraffinic hydrocarbonsmicrobial cooxidation, 43:59

Paramecium tetraureliatrichocysts, 44:252

Paramyxoviruses, guinea pigs

MICROBIOL. REV.

biomedical research, 44:468Parasitesluminous bacteria, 43:496

PathogenesisAfrican trypanosomes, 42:661enterotoxigenic E. coli, 42:592mycoplasmas, 42:414salmonellae, 42:471V. cholerae, 42:592

PBS1 phage transductionB. subtilis, 44:57

Peacarbamoyl phosphate biosynthesis and utilization,42:307

Penicillin analogspenicillinase induction, gram-positive bacteria,42:67

PenicillinaseBacillus synthesis, 41:711

Penicillinase, gram-positive bacteriafunction, 42:67synthesis, 42:67

Penicillin chrysogenumantibiotic synthesis, 41:595

Penicillium griseofulvumantibiotic synthesis, 41:595

Pentoseautotrophy evolution, 42:251

Peptide antibioticsBacillus synthesis, 41:449, 41:595

Peptidesfluorescent pseudomonads, 43:422mycobacterial antigens, 42:84

Peptidoglycanpleurocapsalean cyanobacterial cell wall, 42:2spirochete protoplasmic cylinder, 42:114

Peridinium polonicum toxin, 42:725Permease

bacteria, 44:385Pg8l phage

restriction, 44:206Phagocytosis

effect of iron, 42:45immunity to C. albicans, 44:660

Phaseolus aureuscarbamoyl phosphate biosynthesis and utilization,42:307

Phenazinesfluorescent pseudomonads, 43:422

Phosphateeffect on Leptothrix Mn2+ oxidation, 42:329

Phosphate regulationantibiotic biosynthesis, 44:230

Phosphatidic acidE. coli membrane phospholipid synthesis, 42:614

Phosphatidic acid phosphataseE. coli membrane phospholipid breakdown, 42:614

PhosphatidylethanolamineE. coli membrane phospholipid synthesis, 42:614

PhosphatidylglycerolE. coli membrane phospholipid synthesis, 42:614

Phosphatidylglycerophosphate phosphataseE. coli membrane, 42:614

Phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthetase

SUBJECT INDEX xv

E. coli membrane, 42:614Phosphatidylserine

E. coli membrane phospholipid synthesis, 42:614Phosphatidylserine decarboxylase

E. coli membrane, 42:614Phosphatidylserine synthetase

E. coli membrane, 42:614Phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar

phosphotransferase systemmycoplasmas, 42:414

Phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferasesystem

bacteria, 41:856, 44:385Phospholipases

African trypanosomes, 42:661E. coli membrane phospholipid breakdown, 42:614

Phospholipid enzymes

E. coli membrane, 42:614Phospholipids, membrane

E. coli, 42:614mycoplasmas, 42:414

Phospholipid synthesis, E. coli membraneenzymology, 42:614genetics, 42:614regulation, 42:614

Phospholipid turnoverE. coli membrane, 42:614

Phosphorus acquisition systemNeurospora, 43:361

Phosphorus limitationmicrobial ecology, 44:739

Phosphorylated nucleotidesBacillus exoenzyme synthesis, 41:711

Phosphorylationprimitive carbohydrate metabolism, 42:682

Phosphotransferase systemsbacteria, 44:385

PhotophosphorylationH. halobium, 42:682

PhotopigmentsR. vannielii, 41:754

Photosynthesisnitrogenase, 44:491

Photosynthetic bacteriaferredoxin-dependent reactions, 43:384fructose-specific phosphoenoltransferase system,41:856

Photosynthetic membranes, procaryoticbound iron-sulfur proteins, 43:384

Phototactic algaelight antennas, 44:572

Phototrophsmetabolism, 41:419specialists, 41:419

Pichia taxonomy, 42:161Pigments, fluorescent

fluorescent pseudomonads, 43:422Pisum sativumcarbamoyl phosphate biosynthesis and utilization,42:307

Plant mycoplasmas, 42:414Plasmid-chromosome interactionPseudomonas, 43:73

Plasmid-determined tetracycline resistance

E. coli, 42:707S. aureus;, 42:707

Plasmidsbacterial, 40:168cointegration, 41:872determination of E. coli K antigens, 41:667F' derivatives, 41:872Hfr formation, 41:872SOS repair, 40:869Streptomyces, 41:595

Plasmodiumbiochemistry, 43:453growth, 43:453host cell specificity, 43:453infected-cell morphology, 43:453life cycle, 43:453membrane, 43:453metabolic pathways, 43:453morphology, 43:453

Plateletsbeta-lysin, 41:501site of action of beta-lysin, 41:501

Platymonaslight antenna, 44:572

Pleurocapsa group development and taxonomy, 42:2Pleurocapsalean cyanobacteriadevelopment and structure, 42:2isolation, 42:2strain histories, 42:2taxonomy, 42:2

Pleurocapsales taxonomy, 42:2Pneumonia, swine

B. bronchiseptica, 44:722Pollution assessmentATP measurements, 44:739

PolyglycerophosphatideE. coli membrane, 42:614

Poly-6-hydroxybutyrate, Sphaerotilus-Leptothrixgroup

synthesis and degradation, 42:329Polymer synthesis

S. mutans, 44:331Polymixn

Bacillus antibiotic, 41:449Polynucleotide sequence relatedness

yeast systematics, 42:161Polyoma viruschromatin replication, 43:297

Polysaccharide K antigensE. coil, 41:667

Polysaccharide-protein complexesfungal cell wall, 43:117

PolysaccharidesCeratocystis, 44:683mycobacterial antigens, 42:84S. mutans, 44:331S. schenckii, 44:683

Primeval soupautotrophy evolution, 42:251

Procaryotesbacteriophage development, 41:568exoenzyme synthesis, 41:711gene selection, 41:568

VOL. 44, 1980

xvi SUBJECT INDEX

occurrence of guanosine tetraphosphate and otherunusual nucleotides, 43:27

phosphoenoltransferase system, 41:856RNA polymerase, 41:568specialist prototrophs, lithotrophs, methylotrophs,

41:419unity among diversity, 41:419

Procaryotes, virus-infectedaction of virginiamycin family, 43:145

Procaryotic photosynthetic membranesbound iron-sulfur proteins, 43:384

Prodigiosinbiosynthesis, 41:595

Pronaseeffect on Leptothrix Mn2" oxidation, 42:329

Prosthecate bacteriamorphogenesis and differentiation, 41:754

Protease, extracellularNeurospora, 43:361

ProteasesAfrican trypanosomes, 42:661Bacillus synthesis, 41:711

Protein K antigensE. coli, 41:667

Protein metabolismfungi, 41:822

Protein-polysaccharide complexesfungal cell wall, 43:117

Proteins, iron-sulfurbacterial, 43:384

Protein synthesisinterferon inhibition in viruses, 41:543Plasmodium, 43:453R. vannielii, 41:754

Protist meiosiscytological events during, 40:190induction of, 40:190meiotic mutants, 40:190physiological events during, 40:190

Protons, transmembrane movementH. halobium, 42:682

Proton translationATPase complexes, 41:47

Protoplast fusionrecombination, 41:595

Protozoa, surface-related structuresformation, 44:252positioning, 44:252

Prymnesiophyceaelight antennas, 44:572

Prymnesium parvum toxin, 42:725Pseudomonads, fluorescentsecondary metabolites, 43:422

Pseudomonaschromosomal genetics, 43:73formate dehydrogenase, 43:384

Pseudomonas aeruginosacarbamoyl phosphate biosynthesis and utilization,42:307

Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAOchromosomal mapping, 43:73

Pseudomonas aeruginosa PATchromosomal mapping, 43:73

Pseudomonas cell structure

genetic analysis, 43:73Pseudomonas fluorescenscarbamoyl phosphate biosynthesis and utilization,42:307

Pseudomonas putidacarbamoyl phosphate biosynthesis and utilization,42:307

Pseudomonic acidfluorescent pseudomonads, 43:422

Purified protein derivativetuberculin, 42:84

Purinesaerobic degradation, 40:403anaerobic degradation, 40:403in Enterobacteriaceae, 40:403in fungi, 40:403in streptococci, 40:403

Pyridine nucleotide cycle metabolismmicrobial systems, 44:83

Pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway, carbamoylphosphate utilization

biochemistry, 42:307genetics, 42:307

Pyrimidinesbiosynthetic pathway, 40:403degradation, 40:403

Pyrrhophycophytatoxins, 42:725

Pyrrolnitrinfluorescent pseudomonads, 43:422

Pyruvate dehydrogenasebacterial, 43:384

Quinic acid catabolic systemNeurospora, 43:361

Rana catesbeianacarbamoyl phosphate biosynthesis and utilization,42:307

R antigensE. coli, 41:667

Recombinationactinomycetes, 41:595additive, 41:872bacteriophage integration, 41:872genetic markers and symbols, 41:872Micromonospora, 41:595N. mediterranei, 41:595protoplast fusion, 41:595

Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotidedehydrogenase

bacterial, 43:384Reovirus messenger ribonucleic acid

5'-terminal cap structure, 44:175Respiration

bacteria, 41:47fungi, 41:822

Respiratory infectionsB. bronchiseptica, 44:722

Retroviruses, guinea pigsbiomedical research, 44:468

RhamnomannansCeratocystis, 44:683S. schenckii, 44:683

MICROBIOL. REV.

VOL. 44, 1980

Rhizobiumnodulation, 44:449

Rhodomicrobium vannieliimorphogenesis and differentiation, 41:754

Rhodophycophytatoxins, 42:725

Rhodopseudomonas capsulata"gene transfer agent," 42:357

Rhodospirillaceaebacteriocins, 42:357evolution, 42:357genetics, 42:357phage, 42:357physiology, 42:357

Ribonucleic acid, ribosomalmethanogens, 43:260

Ribonucleic acid, transfermethanogens, 43:260

Ribonucleic acid plasmiddouble-stranded killer of S. cerevisiae, 40: 757

Ribonucleic acid polymeraseBacillus exoenzyme synthesis, 41:711procaryotes, 41:568role in phage development, 41:568

Ribonucleic acid polymerase, DNA-dependentchlamydial elementary bodies, 42:274

Ribonucleic acid polymerase modificationT-even phage infection, 43:199

Ribonucleic acid replicationdefective interfering genome generation, 41:811

Ribonucleic acids, messenger5'-terminal cap structure, 44:175

Ribonucleic acid synthesisR. vannielii, 41:754

Ribonucleic acid tumor virusesin interspecific gene transfer, 40:552role in embryogenesis, 40:552

Ribosomal antigensmycobacteria, 42:84

Ribosomal ribonucleic acidmethanogens, 43:260

Ribosome modificationT-even phage infection, 43:199

Ribulose diphosphate cycleautotrophy evolution, 42:251

Ribulose monophosphate cycleautotrophy evolution, 42:251

Rifamycinsbiosynthesis, 41:595

R4 phagerestriction and modification, 44:206

Saccharomyces cerevisiaecarbamoyl phosphate biosynthesis and utilization,42:307

genetic map, 44:519RNA plasmid killer, 40:757yeast genetics, 40:757

Saccharomyces taxonomy, 42:161Salmonella

cross-reactions with E. coli 0 antigens, 41:667Salmonellae

pathogenicity, 42:471Salmonella typhimurium

SUBJECT INDEX xvll

carbamoyl phosphate biosynthesis and utilization,42:307

coding for phosphoenoltransferase system, 41:856genetics, 42:471linkage map, edition V, 42:471pathogenicity, 42:471sodium-melibiose cotransport, 44:385

Saprophytic luminous bacteriadistribution, 43:496habitats, 43:496

Scalded skin syndromestaphylococcal, 43:320

Schwanniomyces taxonomy, 42:161Sclerosing panencephalitis, subacute

linkage to measles virus, 41:636serA of E. coliK antigens determined near, 41:667

Serological classificationBacteroidaceae, 43:103

Serological responsesantigens of Bacteroidaceae, 43:103

Serratia marcescenscarbamoyl phosphate biosynthesis and utilization,42:307

Serum componentsmycoplasma nutrients, 42:414

Serum factors, innateimmunity to C. albicans, 44:660

Sewage systemsdisposal of cyanide wastes, 40:652

Shigellacross-reactions with E. coli 0 antigens, 41:667

Shrimpspirochetes, 42:114

Siderophore synthesisiron inhibition, 42:45

Simian virus 40chromatin replication, 43:297

Simian virus 40 genomeinterferon ineffectiveness, 41:543

Skin lesionsspirochetes, 42:114

Skin permeability assayeffects of V. cholerae and enterotoxigenic E. colion eucaryotic cells, 42:592

sn-Glycero-3-phosphateE. coli membrane phospholipid synthesis, 42:614

Sodium-melibiose cotransportE. coli, 44:385S. typhimurium, 44:385

Soil ester sulfatehydrolysis, 40:698mammalian sources, 40:698microbial sources, 40:698mineralization, 40:698

SOS hypothesisUV mutagenesis, 40:869

Spallanzani, L.experiments with infusions, 40:274Opusciuli, 40:270preformationism, 40:270

Sphaerotilus-Leptothrix groupgenetics, 42:329growth, 42:329

xviii SUBJECT INDEX

isolation, 42:329taxonomy, 42:329

Sphaerotilus natans taxonomy, 42:329Spheroplast technique

Enterobacteriaceae transfection, 42:194Spindle pole bodies

in protist meiosis, 40:190SpirillaAquaspirillum, 40:55bacteriophages for, 40:55cell wall, 40:55chemoheterotrophic, 40:55cultivation and nutrition of, 40:55DNA of, 40:55ecology of, 40:55isolation of, 40:55motility and flagella, 40:55Oceanospirillum, 40:55respiration, 40:55sugar catabolism, 40:55tactic responses, 40:55

Spirochaeta aurantiamannitol-specific phosphoenoltransferase system,41:856

Spirochetesanatomy, 42:114chemistry, 42:114evolution, 41:181host associations, 42:114metabolism, 41:181physiology, 41:181

Spiroplasma viruses, 42:414Spore formation

in actinomycetes, 40:469Spores

coat layers, 40:360germination, 40:360morphology, 40:360

Sporothrix schenckiibiochemistry, 44:683ecology, 44:683immunology, 44:683morphology, 44:683

Sporotrichosisepidemiology, 44:683

Sporulation events, 40:908Sporulation of B. subtilisRNA polymerase role, 41:568

Staphylococcusbacteriocins, 40:722scalded skin syndrome, 43:320

Staphylococcus aureusnonenteric toxins, 43:320plasmid-determined tetracycline resistance, 42:707

Sterol synthesisinhibition by cerulenin, 40:681

Streptococcidiagnosis, 40:774epidemiology, 40:774group B, 40:774pathogenesis, 40:774virulence factors, 40:774

Streptococci, oralidentification, 44:331

MICROBIOL. REV.

isolation, 44:331Streptococcus faecaliscarbamoyl phosphate biosynthesis and utilization,42:307

Streptococcus milleriproperties, 44:331

Streptococcus mitiorproperties, 44:331

Streptococcus mutansbiology, 44:331cariogenicity, 44:331immunology, 44:331

Streptococcus salivariusproperties, 44:331

Streptococcus sanguisproperties, 44:331

Streptomycesbacteriocins, 40:722conjugation, 41:595heteroclones, 41:595heterokaryons, 41:595interspecific recombination, 41:595plasmids, 41:595

Streptomyces albus Gphage resistance, 44:206

Streptomyces bacteriophagesgenetics, 44:206molecular biology, 44:206

Succinate dehydrogenasebacterial, 43:384

Sugarcane sapZymomonas, 41:1

Sugar catabolismby spirilla, 40:55

Sugar metabolismS. mutans, 44:331

Sugar phosphotransferase system,phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent

mycoplasmas, 42:414Sugarsautotrophy evolution, 42:251

Sugar translocationcatalyzed by phosphoenoltransferase system, 41:

856Sugar transportA. laidlawii, 42:414

Sugar uptakebacteria, 44:385

Sulfite reductase (assimilatory)bacterial, 43:384

Sulfite reductase (dissimilatory)bacterial, 43:384

Sulfur cyclein aerobic soils, 40:698inorganic sulfate sources, 40:698

Sulfur-iron proteinsbacterial, 43:384

Sulfur limitationmicrobial ecology, 44:739

Surface layer antigensBacteroidaceae, 43:103

Survival evaluationchallenge experiments, 42:237

Swarm cells

VOL. 44, 1980

R. vannielii, 41:754Swine atrophic rhinitis

B. bronchiseptica, 44:722Swine dysentery

spirochetes, 42:114Swine pneumonia

B. bronchiseptica, 44:722Synaptonemal complexes

in protist and meiosis, 40:190Syphilis

spirochetes, 42:114

T-cell idiotypesimmune response autoregulation, 44:631

T Cellsstimulation by antigens, 40:284stimulation by mitogens, 40:284

Temperate phagesheteroimmune to phage OC31, 44:206

Temperate P22-like phagesmodular construction, evolutionary rationale,42:385

Temperaturehost defense, 43:241

Ter reactionDNA packaging and phage A head completion,42:529

Tetanus toxinaction, 43:224chemistry, 43:224production, 43:224release, 43:224similarities to C. botulinum toxin, 44:419spread, 43:224structure, 43:224

Tetracyclinesbiosynthesis, 41:595

Tetracyclines, bacterial resistanceassociated proteins, 42:707genes, 42:707membrane passage and binding, 42:707plasmids, 42:707

Tetrahymnena thermophilacortical mitochondria, 44:252stomatogenesis, 44:252

Tetrose skeletonsautotrophy evolution, 42:251

T-even phage infectionhost macromolecular synthesis shutoff, 43:199

Theory of pleomorphismKoch, R., 40:276Winogradsky, S., 40:276

Thermoactimomycestransformation, 41:595

Thermoplasmasecology and nutrition, 42:414

Thermotaxisin spirilla, 40:55

Thymidine kinase, host cell

chlamydial inhibition, 42:274Tobacco

effects of smoking on leukocytes, 41:205Toxic agents, resistancePseudomonas, 43:73

SUBJECT INDEX xix

ToxinC. botulinum, 44:419tetanus, 44:419

Toxin, tetanus (see Tetanus toxin)Toxins

African trypanosomes, 42:661algae, 42:725B. bronchiseptica, 44:722enterotoxigenic E. coli, 42:592mycoplasmas, 42:414V. cholerae, 42:592

Toxins, S. aureusnonenteric, 43:320

Trace metalsrole in aflatoxin production, 41:822

Transductionphage P22,42:385S. typhimurium, 42:471

TransfectionEnterobacteriaceae, 42:194S. typhinurium, 42:471

Transfer ribonucleic acidmethanogens, 43:260

Transfer ribonucleic acid modificationT-even phage infection, 43:199

Transformation, geneticEnterobacteriaceae, 42:194Rhodospirillaceae, 42:357S. typhimurium, 42:471

Transforming geneviral 43:443

Treponema pallidumphysiology, 41:181

Tricarboxylic acid cyclefungal metabolism, 41:822

Trimethylamine dehydrogenasebacterial, 43:384

Triticum aestivumcarbamoyl phosphate biosynthesis and utilization,42:307

Trypanosomatidae, lowerbiology, 44:140physiology, 44:140

Trypanosomes, Africanbiologically active products, 42:661

Trypanosomiasis, Africanpathogenesis, 42:661

Tryptophan catabolic pathwaynicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis,44:83

Tuberculin purified protein derivative, 42:84TuberculosisBenjamin Marten's "new theory of consumptions,"

42:521Twort, F. W.

discovery of bacteriophage, 40:793Tyrocidine

Bacillus antibiotic, 41:449

Ultraviolet mutagenesisE. coli, 40:869enzymatic repair, 40:869error-prone repair, 40:869

Ulva spp.

xx SUBJECT INDEX

toxins, 42:725Ureaplasmas

nutrition, 42:414

Vaccineseffects of V. cholerae and enterotoxigenic E. colion eucaryotic cells, 42:592

measles, 41:636Vaccinia virus messenger ribonucleic acid

5'-terminal cap structure, 44:175Valine

E. coli K-12 growth inhibition, 43:42van Leeuwenhoek, Anthony

discovery of bacteria, 40:260microscopes, 40:260

Vegetative cell cycleR. vannielii, 41:754

Vesicular stomatitis virusdefective interfering genome origin, 41:811

Vesicular stomatitis virus-caused mouse encephalitisdefective interfering particle-mediated inter-ference, 41:811

Vesicular stomatitis virus messenger ribonucleic acid5'-terminal cap structure, 44:175

Vibrio choleraepathophysiological effects on eucaryotic cells, 42:

592Viral cell transformation

gene, 43:443mechanism, 43:443

Viral genomescomplementary termini, 41:811

Viral messenger ribonucleic acids5'-terminal cap structure, 44:175

Viral pathogenesiscell cultures, 41:811molecular biology, 41:811

Virginiamycin family of antibioticsaction, 43:145chemistry, 43:145physics, 43:145

Virusesmycoplasmas, 42:414

Viruses, guinea pigsbiomedical research, 44:468

Virus-infected procaryotesaction of virginiamycin family, 43:145

Virus infections

role of macrophages in resistance, 43:1VitaminsPlasmodium, 43:453

Volvoxlight antenna, 44:572

Wastewater treatmentATP measurements, 44:739

Water stressalgae, 40:803bacteria, 40:803yeasts, 40:803

Wheat germcarbamoyl phosphate biosynthesis and utilization,

42:307

Xanthine dehydrogenasebacterial, 43:384

Xenococcusdevelopment and taxonomy, 42:2

Xylophagous insectsspirochetes, 42:114

Yawsspirochetes, 42:114

Yeastcarbamoyl phosphate biosynthesis and utilization,42:307

Yeast genetics, 40:757Yeast systematics, genome comparisonDebaryomyces, 42:161Pichia, 42:161Saccharomyces, 42:161Schwanniomyces, 42:161

Yersin, Alexandr6controversy versus Kitasato, 40:633discovery of plague bacillus, 40:633

Zincrole in aflatoxin production, 41:822

Zorbamycinbiosynthesis, 41:595

Zymomonasdetection, 41:1isolation, 41:1occurrence, 41: 1phenotypical description, 41:1taxonomy, 41:1

MICROBIOL. REV.

INDEX TO DATE OF ISSUE

Date of Issue

March 1980June 1980September 1980December 1980

25 April 198027 June 198022 September 19805 January 1981

Month Pages

1-174175-384385-517519-797