STATION1:1) Explainthebenefitofsaprotrophicbacteria/fungi.2) InwhattwowaysdoArchaeadifferfromtruebacteria?3) Whentransitioningfromalowpowertoahigher

poweronamicroscope,describewhathappenstoeachofthefollowing:

a.sizeofthefieldofview(increases/decreases) b.sizeoftheimage(increases/decreases) c.workingdistance(increases/decreases) d.fieldofview(lighter/darker) e.resolution(increases/decreases)

f.depthoffocus(reduced/enhanced)4) Ifthefieldofviewforthisparticularsettingofthe

microscopeis2mm,whatistheapproximatelengthofeachcell?

STATION2:5) WhatissectionAcalled?6) WhatisthereasonforthenegativeslopeofsectionD?7) Cellsaremostsensitivetopenicillinduringwhichphase

(writethenameofthephase)ofthegrowthcurve?8) Ifthereare103cellspermLatthemiddleofthephrase

inthepreviousquestion,andthegenerationtimeofthecellsis30minutes,howmanycellswilltherebe2hourslater?

9) Howdoesthestreakplatemethodseparateindividual

cells?

A

B

CA

D

STATION3:Matcheachtypeofmicroscopetoitscorrespondingimageanddescription.10) BrightField11) DarkField12) Phase

Contrast13) Differential-

Interference14) Fluorescence15) Confocal16) Scanning

Electron

i. includestwoprismsthataddcontrastingcolorstotheimage.

ii. usesalaserbeamoflighttoscan

variousdepthsinthespecimen.iii. mostwidelyusedmicroscopeiv. effectiveforvisualizinglivingcells

thatwouldbedistortedbydryingorheatorthatcan’tbestainedwithusualmethods

v. createsextremelydetailedthree-

dimensionalviewofspecimenvi. includesaUVradiationsourceanda

filterthatprotectstheviewer’seyesvii. usedforlivespecimens;especially,to

viewinternalcelldetails

STATION3(IMAGESHEET):

STATION4:

17) Whattypeofmicroscopeisthis?18) Whichletter(s)is/areinvolvedindeterminingtotal

magnification?19) Identifytheletterpointingtothecoarseadjustmentknob.20) WhichpartofthemicroscopeisidentifiedatletterG?21) WhatisthefunctionofthepartofthemicroscopeatletterJ?

STATION5:22)WhathappenstotheDNAandsomeofthecytoplasm

duringsporeformation?23) Whatisthedifferencebetweenterminalandcentral

sporulation?24) Whatisonewaytodestroyspores?25) Whatisthepurposeofacyst?26) Nametwoconditionsthatcantriggertheformationofa

cyst.27) Whatisaserialdilutionandwhatisthepurposeofit?

STATION6:Identifythediseaseassociatedwitheachdescription.28) symptomsincludesuddenonsetofsevervomitingand

diarrhea,highlycontagious,commonlyspreadthroughfoodorwaterthatiscontaminatedduringpreparationorcontaminatedsurfaces

29) causedbyparasitethatlivesinintestinesandpassedinthe

stooloftheinfected,parasiteisprotectedbyoutershellthatallowsittosurviveoutsidethebodyforlongperiodsoftime,resistanttochlorine-baseddisinfectants,mostcommoncauseofwaterbornediseaseintheUnitedStates

30) symptomsincludediarrhea,abdominalcramps,musclepain,

fever,theinfectionisacquiredbyeatingraworundercookedcontaminatedmeat

31) causesbehaviorchangedthemayincludehyper-excitability

andnervousness,symptomsincludeexcessivesalivation,drooling,grindingofteeth

32) typeoflunginfectioncausedbyinhalingspores,thesporesare

foundinsoilandinthedroppingsofbatsandbirds,symptomsincludechestpains,dryornonproductivecough,fever

33) rarebutseriousillnesscausedbyatoxinthatattacksthe

body’snerves,symptomsincludeweaknessofmusclesthatcontroltheeyes,face,mouth,andthroatbutthisweaknessmayspreadtoneck,arms,torso,andlegs

STATION7:34) Nametwowaystopreventantibioticresistance.35) Whyaremanygram-negativeorganismsintrinsically

resistanttocertaindrugs?36) Whatisacquiredresistance?Answergram-positiveorgram-negativetomatcheachdescriptionbelow.37) thicklayerofpeptidoglycan38) purplecolorwhenstainedandlookedatthrough

microscope39)noteichoicacids40)noporinproteins41)outermembranepresent42)periplasmpresent43)sensitivetoperiplasm

STATION8:Rankthefollowingcommonlyknownmicrobesinorderofincreasingsize(Questions44-51).Amoeba,Diatoms,Influenzavirus,Rhinovirus,E.coli,Yeast,Staphylococcus,Lactobacillus44)45)46)47)48)49)50)51)52) Convert3290000micrometerstomillimeters.53)IfmicrobeXis0.30micrometersandmicrobeYis

0.00001centimeters,whichislarger?

STATION9:54)Whatisadeadzone?55)Explainthephrase“colonizationofahost”.56) Nameasymbioticbacteriuminyourgut.57) Whatisthewordprionshortfor?Forquestions58-69,name3foodbornediseases.58) Illness#159) Illness#260) Illness#3

STATION10:Forquestions61-66,matcheachimageofbacteria(letter)toeachshapebelow.61)Bacillus62)Coccobacillus63)Coccus64) Spirochete65)Spirillum66) Vibrio67)Whatisthetermwhichdescribesbacteriathat

characteristicallyvaryintheirshape?68)Whenwaterornutrientsaredepleted,cellsaggregateto

formastructure.Whatisthisstructurecalled?

STATION10(IMAGESHEET):

STATION11:69) Whatistheendosymbiotictheory?70) Statetwopiecesofevidencethatsupportstheendosymbiont

theory.71) Whatisthefunctionofthemitochondrion?72) Whatisthefunctionofthechloroplast?73) Whatdoesthenucleuscontain?74) Whatpartofthenucleusis‘a’pointingto?75) Whatpartofthenucleusis‘b’pointingto?76) Whatpartofthenucleusis‘c’pointingto?77) Whatpartofthenucleusis‘d’pointingto?78) Whatpartofthenucleusis‘e’pointingto?

STATION12:Writethenameofthemicrobe(virus{V},bacteria{B},fungi{F},algae{A},parasiticworm{PW},prion{P})thatcauseseachofthefollowingdiseasesforquestions79-84.79) WhiteNoseSyndrome80) Thrush81) Measles82) ChronicWastingDisease83) Ringworm84) PepticUlcerDiseaseAnswertrueorfalsetothefollowingsetofquestions.85) Bacteriaareusuallysmallerthanviruses.86) Bacteriaandvirusescanbesusceptibletoantibiotics.87) Bacteriaandvirusesinvadeandmultiplywithinthehostby

evadingtheimmunesystem.88) Virusestendtotargetspecifictissues/cellsinthehost.89) Bacteriaandvirusescanbeseenonanon-electronmicroscope.

STATION13:A. Anthrax

B. Denguefever

C. Athlete’sfoot

D. Pinworm

E. Malaria

F. Kuru

90)IdentifytwomodesofpreventionfordiseaseD.91)IdentifyonemodeoftreatmentfordiseaseA.92)IdentifytwomodesofpreventionfordiseaseE.93)IdentifyonemodeoftreatmentfordiseaseB.94)IdentifyonemodeofpreventionfordiseaseB.95)IdentifyonemodeoftreatmentfordiseaseE.96) IdentifyonemodeofpreventionfordiseaseA.97)IdentifyonemodeoftreatmentfordiseaseF.

STATION14:98) State whether streak plating is a good way to

accomplisheachofthesetasks(writeyesorno). (a) evenlydistributingbacteriaonaplate (b) obtainpureandisolatedcolonies (c) quantifythenumbersofcellsinasample99) Whyisitimportanttouseanewinoculationloopfor

eachsectionofastreakplate?Whathappensifyoudonotuseanewinoculationloopforeachstreak?

100) Youaregivenatubelabeledas5x108CFUs/mLand

aregiventhetasktofindoutifthislabeliscorrect.However,youonlyhaveonepetridishtoworkwith.How many 10-fold dilutions should you make sothatplating10microlitersofdiluted culture givesyou a number of colonies that can be reliablycounted(between30and300colonies)?Andhowmany colonies would you expect to see? Pleaseshowyourwork.

STATION15:101) Whatdoesitmeanifafungusisdimorphic?102) Ifaspeciesoffungiissaprobic,howdotheyobtain

theirnutrients?103) Whatisthelayerofproteinaceoussubunitsthat

makesupthecellwallinmostarchaeaknownas?104) (TrueorFalse)Archaeaarenotsusceptibleto

antibacterialagentssuchaslysozymeandpenicillin.

105) Isanthraxcausedbyagram-positiveorgram-

negativebacterium?106) Iswhoopingcoughcausedbyagram-positiveor

gram-negativebacterium?107) Islegionnaires’diseasecausebyagram-positiveor

gram-negativebacterium?