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SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION1

Micro SWIFT/SPRAY (MSS)

Presentation to:Chemical Biological Information Systems Conference

January 2007

Tom Harris, C. Dougherty, J. Sontowski, SAIC ([email protected])

Jacques Moussafir, Julien Commanay, ARIA Technologies([email protected])


Agenda

Micro SWIFT/SPRAY Overview

Joint Urban 2003 Simulations• IOP2 and IOP8

MSS Integration in HPAC

Summary


Problem Statement

One of JSTO’s ‘Early Warning’ Thrusts:“CBRN Hazard Prediction in Complex Urban Terrain with Near-real Time Accuracy”

M&S challenges for urban simulations include:Extensive structural databases and interfacesComplex flow patternsHigh resolution modeling requirements


Micro SWIFT/SPRAY Solution

The wind field solver, MicroSWIFT, is an adaptation of SWIFT, a mature, well validated mass consistency model

MicroSWIFT is designed to handle urban topography, length scales, and flow features.

Particle transport is modeled using a Monte-Carlo Lagrangian technique, MicroSPRAY.


Micro SWIFT /SPRAY Elements

Exact representation of buildings

Initial estimate of 3D mean flow from SWIFT, driven by available meteorological data

Analytical corrections for flow about obstacles

Entire flow field is iteratively updated to satisfy mass consistency

Dispersion simulated using a Monte-Carlo Lagrangian technique


Urban SWIFT Wind Field Construction

Typical Objects - Building and Flow Zones:

DISPLACEMENT

CAVITY LINK

CAVITY LINK

CAVITY

WAKE

WIND

BUILDING

SKIMMING


Interpolated wind field

Adjusted wind field

Adjusted wind field

Micro SWIFT Steps


Primary MSS Validation Cases

U-Shaped Building (Wind tunnel data)

L-Shaped Building (Wind tunnel data)

Salt Lake City “Joint Urban 2000” (Field Experiment)

Oklahoma City “Joint Urban 2003” (Field Experiment)

Bologna, Italy (Field Experiment)

U-shaped Building (Kastner-Klein, et al)

Bologna traffic emissions study


Agenda

MSS Overview



Summary


JU 2003 Simulations

The JU2003 Field Data provides a unique database for the evaluation of urban dispersion models.

Selected IOPs are the basis for an intercomparison of diagnostic urban wind field models• See paper by John Hannan et al.


Urban Model Domain for JU2003

N

Domain ~ 1300 X 1300 m in north-south and east-west directions

IOP 8 Wind DirectionRelease Location

IOP 2 Wind Direction


JU2003 IOP Comparison

IOP2* (2 July 2003)• Westin release (Daytime)• SW winds• 3 CRs (5 g/s)

IOP8* (18 July 2003)• Westin release (Night)• Southerly winds• 3 CRs (3 g/s)

*IOP used for comparison of Rockle-based models


MSS Predictions for JU2003 IOP2

OKC JU2003 IOP2 Test ConditionsDate: July 2, 2003Release location: WestinContinuous releases/times examined:

- CR1/1000-1030CST- CR2/1200-1230CST- CR3/1400-1430CST

Met data input to MSS: PNNL SodarMSS computation domain (see slide)

- domain size: ~1km square- horizontal resolution: 4m X 4m


MSS Wind Speed at h = 8 m


Need for high-resolution in time in the MET input for MSS

11:1511:0010:4510:30 11:30

WindDirection

Time

: Data points as average over 15 minutes time step: Step-function representation: Linear interpolation on unshifted data points

: Linear interpolation on shifted data points

15 minutes time step : 900m displacement for U=1m/s

10:00 10:15


Long term averages for wind inputs:

• Can lead to unrealistic results, especially when the winds are variable over the 15 minute averaging period.

• Particularly important for microscale modeling.• SWIFT and MSWIFT within HPAC interpolate between solutions at

instantaneous times. Preferred approach is to assign wind average to mid-point of averaging interval and interpolate between interval mid-points.

• Realism is improved with shorter averaging periods.• MSS computational efficiency allows, and microscale in some

cases requires, real time calculations for averaging periods of 15 minutes or less.

Issues regarding the averaging periods and HPAC/MSS inputs


IOP2 Concentration Contours


Vertical Concentration Profiles


Comparison of Concentration Predictions with Sampler Data

IOP2 at 1600-1615, MSS vs OBS (Close to Source)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

BANK1GRD B_M_SE B_M_SW MAIN_MED B_M_NE

STATION

Log1

0(PP

T+1)

Log10(OBS)Log10(MSSsw)Log10(MSSiw)

IO P2 at 1600-1615, M SS vs O BS (South of Source)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

CC_2L CC_GRD S_B_NW WESTIN_G REN_NW

STATION

Log1

0(PP

T+1)

Log10(O BS)Log10(MSSsw)Log10(MSSiw)


Comparison of Concentration Predictions with Sampler Data

IOP2 at 1600-1615, M SS vs OBS (North from Park)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

43 44 45 46 54 55 56 64 65

940 945 946 950 954 963 964 965PARKROOF

P_B_SW

STATION

Log1

0(P

PT+1

)

Log10(OBS)Log10(MSSsw)Log10(MSSiw)

IOP2 at 1600-1615, MSS vs OBS (West of Source)

0

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

940 CT_ROOF MAIN_TOP OKL_ROOF R_M_NE R_M_NW R_M_SE CCP_GRD CCP_TOP

STATION

Log1

0(PP

T+1)

Log10(OBS)Log10(MSSsw)LOg10(MSSis)


MSS Simulations for JU2003 IOP8

OKC JU2003 IOP8 Test ConditionsDate: July 18, 2003Release location: WestinMet data input to MSS: PNNL SodarMSS computation domain (see slide)

- domain size: 1km square- horizontal resolution: 4m X 4m


Comparisons with Selected Tracer Instruments

LOG10(PPT) MSS vs MEAS for IOP8 CR2 - 15 min avg (MEAS at 0610)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

MAIN_G

RDMAIN

_TOP

PKROOF34CT_R

OOFB_M

_NW

CCP_TOP

B_M_S

WBANK1G

RDOKL_

GRDCCP_G

RDBANK1_

SWBANK1_

RFPKROOF12WESTIN

_R

B_M_S

EOKL_

ROOFWESTIN

_GPKROOF47

REN_NW

Station

LOG

10(P

PT)

LOG10MSS

LOG10MEAS

•Data indicates upstream advection (e.g. at Westin_G and Ren_NW) that MSS does not predict.•Sensitive to relative position of reattachment and release points.


Velocity Vectors along Broadway for IOP8


Velocity Vectors along Broadway


Agenda

MSS Overview



Summary


MSS – HPAC Interface MSS Input Provided by HPAC

Domain – 640 m2 to 1 km2 @ 3, 4, or 5 m resolution, centered on the release locationMeteorology – profiles extracted from the larger domain SWIFT mass consistent wind field, which can be based on:• Observations – surface and/or upper air• Gridded output of NWP models (in MEDOC format)• Historical data (AFCCC climatology)• Fixed winds

Terrain/land use – interpolation of the HPAC DTED level 0 (1 km) and LandScan databasesUrban structures – triangulation of Shapefiles obtained from GEDIS (Geographic and Environmental Database Information System)Release – type, location, amount, duration, material properties


MSS – HPAC Interface MSS Output Provided to HPAC

Puffs – created by aggregating particles as they leave the MSS domain, at specified synchronization times

Plot quantities inside the MSS domain• Surface dosage• Surface concentration• Concentration slices• Vertically integrated concentration

3D wind and turbulence fields at specified times3D concentration and surface dosage fields at specified timesConcentration values at specified locations (samplers) at specified times


HPAC 5.00- Oklahoma City

Met: PNNL profile; Domain: 1 km @ 4 m


MSS: New Orleans

Met: fixed winds (MSWIFT at 0 min); Domain: .8 km @ 5 m; Runtime: 5 min.


MSS/HPAC Predictions

IOP2_CR1 - 1615

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

43 44 45 46 53 54 55 56 63 64 65 66 940

945

946

950

954

955

956

963

964

965

PARKROOF

BANK1GRD

B_M_S

EB_M

_SW

CC_2L

CC_GRD

CT_ROOF

MAIN_M

EDMAIN

_TOP

OKL_ROOF

R_M_N

ER_M

_NW

R_M_S

ES_B

_NW

WESTIN

_GB_M

_NE

CCP_GRD

CCP_TOP

REN_NW

P_B_S

W

Station

Log(

1+PP

T)

OBSMSS in HPAC

IOP2 CR1 t=1615


MSS applications in France

CEA-DAM is the military division of the French Atomic Energy Commission.(Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique – Direction des Applications Militaires)

Acquired MSS for Urban Emergency Response (Paris, other major cities).Develops a centralized operational system.Decided to fund the parallelization of the MSS code.


MSS applications in PARISRelease in the City Center : Châtelet – Les Halles

Courtesy of CEA-DAM Dr. Patrick ARMAND


MSS applications in PARIS

Release in the City Center : Place de la Concorde

Courtesy of CEA-DAM Dr. Patrick ARMAND

Elysée : French President’s Residence

US Embassy in Paris


Summary

Micro SWIFT/SPRAY (MSS) is operational in HPAC 5.0Current focus on validation• JU 2003 and international studies

Comparisons with JU 2003 data indicate some successes, and some areas requiring more attention• Correct modeling of advection (recirculation,

channeling, vertical transport, etc.) in urban terrain may be more important than turbulent diffusion.

• Results are highly dependent on MET input.• Collaboration between Röckle-based modelers is

proceeding and demonstrating benefits.

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