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ROMEO D. LIM, DBA

MICRO PERSPECTIVES c TOURISM cud HOSPITALITY

COPYRIGHT 2019 Romeo D. Lim -

ISBN -- 978-621-406-198-3

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced used in any form or by any means - graphic, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or information storage and retrieval systems-without the written permission from the publisher and the authors.

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Published by: MIND SHAPERS CO., INC. Rm 108, Intramuros Corporate Plaza Bldg. Recoletos St., Intramuros, Manila Telefax no. (02) 527-6489 Tel. no. (02) 254-6160 Email: mindshapersco@yahoo.com

Cover Design: Erwin Bongalos Lay-out by: BDL

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter1: TOURISM INDUSTRY AND ECONOMY 1

Objectives : ; : : 1 Introduction · _ 1 Philippine Economy Growth : 2 Figure 1. The Philippine Tourism Diagnosis ...........-..............-.-..................4 Economic Contribution and its Future Perspective .4 Philippine Product Portfolio 5 Education Tourism : .-. 5 Attractions · 6 Intangible Heritage ; 8 Types of Tourism in the Philippines 11 Economic Impact 12 The Muslim Millennial Travellers 13 4

Chapter2: TRAVELER'S MOTIVATIONS AND PROFILE .....................,23

Objectives : ; ; 23 Introduction ; ; : 23 Application of the Motivation Theories into Tourism Practice 23 Maslow' s hierarchy of needs in connection with tourism : 24 Plog's Psychographic'Tourists' Profile : 25 Iso Ahola's Model of the Social Psychology of Tourism 25 Travel Motivations for Travel and Hospitality 25 Tourism Mqtivation 27 Motivation to Travel- Which of these describes you? 29 6 Key Ideas Behind Theories of Motivation 32 Tourist Motivations : 41 Destination Choice and Selection 43 The Seniors Travel market in China : ~ 49 Tourists' Profiles and Lifestyles 52 Profile of the Customer/ Clients in Travel 68 How to Get the Data you Need to Create a Client profile 73

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Chapter3: ACTIVITIES IN TOURISM INDUSTRY : 81

Objectives 81 Types of Adventure Travel ; 82 Museum Tour .'.· 86 Primary Forest Trekking ...............-.....6-666.6.6666..646.6.a..cc.,cc.cc...cc..cs.cc..,,,,,,,,,,,88 Cycling 89 Bird Watching ·: :. : 89 Traditional Music Perforrnance : 89 Wildlife Night-spotting 89 Everest Base Camp.Trekking , ~00

Chapter4: ACTIVITIES IN HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY......................,105

Objectives .' 105 Introduction :_ 105 Three Categories of the Hospitality Industry 106 The Four Segments of the Hospitality Industry 107 Various activities in Hospitality Industry ~ 109 Flower Arrangement.........%-6666666666666666686866ssrssssssrssssssssscsssscssssssss.cc,,,,,..]]0 Table Setting : : '..113 Shoe Polishing ; 113 Sporting Activities at the Hotel................6....../.,xx..oz....cs.cs....cc.......,,,,,,,]]4

Chapter5: CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY SECTORS; 121

Objectives 121 Introduction · · 121 Intangibility ,. · 122 The Economic Characteristics of the Tourism Industry ....................,,,,125 Five Characteristics of Tourism : , .. , .126 Special Characteristics of Travel and Tourism 127 Characteristics of Travel and Tourism Services 130 To Become A Good Hotelier 134 5 Main Characteristics of Tourism by Burkart andMedlik 137 7 Unique Characteristics of Tourism _ 137

Chapter 6: SCOPE AND STRUCTURE OF TOURISM & HOSPITALITY ORGANIZATIOn ; 143

Objectives : ; : 143 Introduction 143 Organizational Structure Types; --- --······ 144

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Ministry of Tourism Organizational Chart-Bahamas 151 Tourism Bureau Organization Structure ......--------.6-.,6.-6666666666666.66.....,,,,4.154 Travel Agency Organizational Chart : 155 Organizational Design and Organizational Behavior ; 158 Formal Communication Channels 161 Typical Hotel Organizational Chart 165 The Size and Scope of the Tourism industry : ; 169 Structure of Travel Organization .. ,. : 178 Hierarchy in Travel Company ........-..-666666666666666666666-.-rs-rsr,rs.s-cs..cc,,,,,,,180

Chapter 7: BUSINESS IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY 187

.Objectives _ . ., 187 Introduction .- · 187 Tourism Business : ; ; 187 Hospitality Business ; 189 [Restaurants and Bar .....---6-%-%866886688888868886888866666%846&8s6,rs«6s+rs+8sass8ssscsss..]9]

Travel and Tourism :.: ~ : : 192

Chapter 8: FACTORS AFFECTING TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY ~ : 197

Objectives '. 197 Introduction : 197 Uncontrollable Variables That Affect the Hospitality Industry 200 Internal & External Factors That Affect an Organization 202 The Importance of Training & Development in the Hospitality

Industry · 204 The Role of the Human Resources Department in a Hospitality

Organization .'.· · · · 208 External Factors Affecting the Hospitality and Tourism Industry 217 Violence and Terrorism Factor .....------66666466666666666683666666666666636666666666,ssc....,,,,223

Human Factors Affecting Tourism Industry 223

Chapter 9: DESTINATIONS MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION 227

Objectives 227 Introduction 227 Destination Management Organizations 227 Statistical Strengthening and Development of a Tourism Satellite Account : · 228

Value Chain Analysis and Local Economic Development 228 Institutional Strengthening and Public-Private Partnership 229

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Tourism Legislation and Regulation : 230 Tourism Physical Planning and Resort Development........................,,,231 Tourism Development Master Plans and Strategic

Development Plans ; 231 Typical Services of Destination Management Organization................236 Other Roles of Destination Management Organizations 241

Chapter 10:_ EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES 247

Objectives ; 247 Employment Opportunities in the Hospitality Industry 247 List of Job Positions for the Hospitality Industry 248 Types of Hotel Positions .- 249 The Differences Between Managerial Positions and

Non-Managerial Positions - 252 Types of Employment and Roles in the Hospitality Industry..............257 Hospitality & Tourism Realities 26_3 Employment Trends in Tourism and Hospitality 265

Chapter 11: QUALIFICATIONS REQUIRED FOR TOURISM AND HOSPITALiTY _ 279

Objectives · 279 The Requirements in the Hospitality Industry ..........---...--.....s...........,,,279 Five Job Skills Hospitality Employers Want to See 281 Hospitality and Tourism Education Requirements 283

Chapter 12: DOMESTIC DESTINATIONS AND ATTRACTIONS 291

Objectives : : 291 Introduction 291 Tourism Destinations 291

REGION I - ILOCOS 292 Political Structure and Sub-division 293 Geographical Characteristics 294 Gastronomy ; : · .....295 Culture and Traditions of Different Regions 296

REGION II-- CAGAYAN VALLEY .. : 297 Major Tourism Destinations in Region 297 Political Structure and Sub-division : 298 Geographi al Ch ct · ti c ara ens cs 299

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Major Attractions 300 Gastronomy 300 Culture and Traditions of Different Regions 300

REGION III - CENTRAL LUZON 301 Tourism Destinations ; 302 Political Structure and Sub-division 302 Geographical Characteristics ; 303 Attractions , : ; 304 Gastronomy 304 Culture and Traditions of Different Regions 305

REGION IV-A - CALABARZON 306 Major Tourism Destinations in Region : 307 Political structure and sub-division : 307 Geographical characteristics.........--,--%6--%66%6666666666666%66.%-66sssrsssssssssss.....,,,,,,309 Attractions 310 Gastronomy · · 310 Culture and Traditions of Different Regions ~ 310 Traditions and Beliefs .....---------is-s-sasses+-rs+sssssssssss-,cs-sssssssssss.cc,cs,,,,,,,3]0

REGION IV-B - MIMAROPA 312 Major Tourism Destinations ........--6.66666666666666666666666666-szcsscssssssssscs.,,,,,,,,3]3 Political Structure and Sub-division 313 Geographical Characteristics ......-.--666-66666666666666666636666666666666666466666....cc..,,,,4.314

Major Attractions : ~·············· .. ··························314 Gastronomy · · 314 Culture and Traditions of Different Regions 314

REGION V - BICOL ....• : ~ ~ : 315 Tourist Attractions/Destinations.....------6666666666666686663666666666666666666666.....,,,4316 Political Structure and Sub-division .....--.%6....6..66....6%.6.666666663666666666.....,,,,31 6 Geographical Characteristics .: 317 Gastronomy 318 Culture and Traditions of Different Regions 319

REGION VI- WESTERN VISAYAS 320 Major Tourism Destinations in Region 321 Political Structure and Sub-division of Western Visayas 323 Culture and Traditions of Western Visayas 324

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REGION VII - CENTRAL VISAl't\.S 326 Geographical Background : 327 Tourism Destination of Central Visayas ; 328 Culture and Traditions in Central Visayas 330 Gastronorny .' 330

REGION VIII - EASTERN VISAl't\.S 331 Geographical Background ................---6.66..6.6.....s,-,,s.cs,s-,cs.rs.c.......,,,,,,332 Tourism Destinations/Attractions of Eastern Visayas 333 Culture and Tradition of Eastern Visayas 333 Gastronomy :•··· .. ········· 334

REGION IX - ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA 335 Geographical Background : 335 Tourist Attractions in Zamboanga Peninsula 336 Culture arid Traditions of Zamboanga Peninsula 336 Gastronomy ; : 338

REGION X -NORTHERN MINDANAO 338. Tourist Attraction in Northern Mindanao 339 Culture and Tradition of Northern Mindanao 340 La11,la£C ..:s»assess,ssss&6ssss+res6+8«ss«rs6sss8888sis«--88rs888888cs,,,44...34 Geographical Structure and Sub division 341 Governance 342 Gastronomy 342

REGION XI- SOUTHERN MINDANAO 343 Major Tourism Destinations in Region 344 Political Structure and Sub-division 345 Geographical Characteristic ...........---666.666..6....4.6.66-4.66-6cc,,cs.ssss..s...cc..,,,,,,..346 Major Attraction '. : 346 Gastronomy 346 Culture and Traditions of Different Regions 347

REGION XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 348 . Major Tourism Destinations in Region 348 Political Structure and Sub-division.........----.6..6,--..-rc---scar-rssz-cc......,,,,,,34-9 Geographical Characteristic : 350 Gastronomy ; 35O Culture and Traditions of Different Regions 351

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REGION XIII- CARAGA....------on-n-rnnsrsrsrrrrrnrsn.cc.,,,352 Major Tourism Destinations in Region : 352 Political Structure and Sub-division 353 Geographical Characteristic 354 Major Attraction 354 Gastronomy 354 Culture and Traditions of Different Regions 355

REGION CAR -CORDILLERA ADMINISTRATIVE REGION ~ : 356 Major Tourism Destinations in Region ; 356 Political Structure and Sub-division 357 Geographical Characteristic ........----66666%666%66%66666666666%...asses..i,rs..cs.....,,,,,,,358

Gastronomy ·.· 358 Culture and Traditions of Different Regions 359

REGION ARMM-AUTONOMOUS REGION IN MUSLIM MINDANAO 360 Major Tourism Destinations in Region : 360 Political Structure and Sub-division 361 Geographical Characteristic 361 Major Attraction , 361 Gastronomy 361 Culture and Traditions of Different Regions ........------4-----.....666..6.....,,,,362

REGION NCR -NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION 363 Major Tourism Destinations in Region 364 Political Structure and Sub-division.......-.----6-,6.66666666666.6,6666.46....6..6......,,,,,,365 Geographical Characteristic 365 Gastronomy 366 Culture and Traditions of Different Regions ...................................,,,,366 Ultimate Travel and Tourism Glossary _. 371

. . References • 389

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