micro manual sem2 volume 1

8/12/2019 micro manual sem2 Volume 1

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LABORATORY PROCRDURE[. Get microsections of the pig embryo and identiff all structures associated with theformation of the urinary system' Draw under LPOo,,rr,"

Pig embryo (LPO) Pig embryo (LPO)

Pig embryo (LPO)


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a What are the different kidr'rey systems? Give their fates@ Ynnoyhonr ftr,n rle


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d. discuss the formation of the ureter, urinary bladdpr and urethra. Give their anlagee U,etef - fur,r-r urelenL bLtd@ U,ehrq - Einetiv,rl ,f uNthrq io

endo4?rrtt- th' Q-onnpoh'te and qmoolhtuc?rsl marodenn

A U1na.X btadder --+ fun Cloa6B

,-:e. Differentiate between the mesoneprhic duct and mullerian duct and give theirderivatives . .: ,Q ilulleiarl duclV - wti,t ulalecl fo funn ,'the' ufO,-tn fubU , utpn*l' aeNi\ ord upper vogi.oO'ne


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& Gire some malforrrationslabnormalities associated with the development of theuinry system and their causes/etiologies.e *dhcvrhc,::,:#^r;.*ro,o.l ,0- ::r:,.r"o;,**"io ",,:-,;f w

nu+oromol oom)nanf .* Potycgyho idneg 4r


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LABORATORY PROCEDURE

l. Sketch a renal corpuscle and label the following:A. glomerulusB. iisceral and parital layer of Bowman's capsuleC. urinary spaceD. afferent and efferent arterioles

E. vascular PoleF. urinary PoleG. proximal convoluted tubuleH. mesangial cells

hfferunl; fxrculor polvpoNmarv ooyule

glonerutuenl nenb'arle

Capttory endothclun4. Compare the proximal convoluted tubule from distal convoluted tubule in terms oflocation in the kidney, epithelial lining and substances absorbed from or secreted intofiltrate.

@ f.or,:mal Wnsetutpd fubvl - vi^pte oubotNat *itt, o,,tvh borderO Oit l aonv olctt'li fubute oiafte oubo.idal

5. Describe a role by the mesangial cells in maintaining filtration barrierintegrity.eeN

vtah'cr&rT,udPr-et(uG

foFvaroach',t I Wbtfaocer h hdF ,na,ntairt

ophtmal ralc ,f Vlh


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7- Describe the juxtaglomerular apparatus in terms of its componerlts' location andfirnction of each comPonent.J tompoap4tl

Mq cula dprrna - uo.tocorx lac tNJulfaglome*tq- celK - emfa)r1 nanrn 'n"c1,:rtea1 to,noOh ,fitr


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Urinary Bladder (LPO) Urinary Bladder (HPO)11. Compare the lining epithelium of the uereter or the urinary bladder.with the onefound in the kidney. What are the layers of the tissue/sat focus?

hv tin'hg eptthetry* ,f u^etc/^ mcl Qano/Y bla{cled */ra,whinal i,t the, kclheyv, lh tin','tq epilhelrury af Pq ktni^7lp oubo,do/ ; hqtvh t vdetr . r'thlv Ocr N onlg u'impleetbi lal "

12. Describe the variations in the ium of the urinary bladder.J"a oyifhclt'um i'r lhir'r ^,th 3-'/ lTailrned

oell lalp,xn a conlrackl bladder ' epilAeliun rJ rh'1/(

/ogler{o 6 -g ce//

l9


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LABORATORY PROCEDURE1. Get microsections of the placenta and draw under LPO md HPO:

t1-:{sa}ft>

bu'i1'{J+ti.i '' J

PlacentaHPO

d t-* *r# ss #"s$.6 # l$,.]ila

,let 6i#

c* Srgbed .,6-oPlacenta LPO

Z.Labelthe layers that canbe identified'a. What are the parts of the placenta?' Describe each'

cho4orl figndovu'r: * fttot Fot-hi ,'"'''4Pctduq fuqalfu ' aqfPrnal Pocl;or1 ,'/

b. What are the structures forming the placental Give its significance> .t goci l,'u,rl' egfot*Ytn bta< f> Aonneotue h|t


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e. What is the decidual ractiorr? Gine iF significmce?Deaiduoi rpaofibrl ,- oe['t 'f cndo me{nimgtg.o?cn g tF,A

Pdemalou{

f. Whatgfe the differenttypes of placehta and deciduas?0o.c.tilt,a baqalk aont'trt't of amyac{ layer 4 hFgpr ee/k

o{el- lhe prrttTyonic Ple

'-.-.,":

beeooar lwded c9 lhe t i


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DEvELopMENrorrniffiv'cBnvr-llvBns(cAsrRulATrorgTo study thefonnatibnof primary germ layers of'gastrulation'

1. Describe the formation of tlte'paltq ofthe embryonic disc'

2.Entnneratethederivativesofthgegtoderr'nal'endodermal'andmesodprmal laYers'

3. Explain how abnormalities cn occur during:the fostation of he different

,tool I ( hW> Fo/hoho{1

GIO I.

SIO.

germ laYers.

{ -uP)tr ,ilom,na/ embrYon'c' 7P'nakx

- EtZto


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LABORATORY EXERCISES

Get microsections of pig embryo and draw under the LPO

a. Identifu some derivatives of the ectodermal layers.> (ry;na I ao.d| {krrf/al ne^l.tt( Vltvkm, fprde.mia> na)r. Naik

b. Identify some derivatives of thefo*X"t

l layergrnail thfNthvtColo4f,


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e. The endodermal layer is formed during rvhat week? Give all thederivativesArd- d6 tx'ya'egut thndXtutn'dgr'tt

f. The mesodermal layer is formed dtring what week? Give all thederivativesMlDda*. (lC/V,D rzrrn e

klyefon eAg"^alo^ w{;tt mq,^ly of afftieaf ftbal\f

c. inferior cerebellar peduncle or brachiumrestiformisI e6nnect'{ ap.ebolar7l d lhe F*h1 1,',rPd b3t efDn4lr\a 2 frtled 6 otF

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7. Give some cerebellar lesions and their clinical manifestations'tlnitotual - irritatera /0icrooturl - 411a,rlho'4

atgtntat) iafe;or nc.n (k-po"at)ailaleral ln'goafPira;or horn (otr'-Pilc,t)2. Describe the 3'd ventricle and its boundaries', ,,;; - @it -l;ke oqniU Mv)een tAe &' totvN ef 6|pn6'pphd0r)

, "oof , Pemed of tt'e cho"rLLr YExut'> floor erlcndt into lhe opic recrr,;. ' infundt:htTtar rfcetrcand irtto fie qqueduc'l of {Yt0t neucetebellum lrocf

venhal spinothalamic tractone oo each qide 0l lh qnleio( rned,o,'i 1;t ,ne an eoeh laleral F4 of xe epirol co.dfol camo nede imfuk6l lEtohhg tg @/xeof fu*, pun oad lenletofu&

C: posterior colwrn - eedial.lenriiigcal pathway1 as^(o\ pthadj rorpgaai6te fu kon,rm,'rbig t,ielouctl , yi$1ql7oa -4 corl


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D. anterior spinocerebellar tract) e,onnegs gap$oca1fite )op,no6;ry fom he bdgf, trfr cer-ebellurr')E. posterior spinothalamic traet

> cDr'1ve < irtcortce,enl ffipnlocephte ioformohaO fmntlc bo49 fu oerebollurnF. cuneocerebellar ract

> the lcrve frbn "yvkn oogirrrrtg fron fie acLexryaunoale nuolerl.t otnd enknng he cetebe)lum e* acorvTooe4t of ne rg1|'furn eug3. Enumerate some clinical mahifestations of injury to the posteriorcolumn - medial lemniscal pathways, /o.t(( o( d FO;t1f of dricn",arnoli\o> /o(( of audibA qeo( e,t) rho,nbeqi 'c'9n4. Describe Brown-Sequard Syndrome secondary to hemisection of the

spinal cord and its effect on th ascending fiber tacts., letitnt { the N@+ tate-ot n i/cflaW'al $pa-{hago,erzt beto.tt tAe pvel of ;1ln5. Define and characterize the following:A. Syringomyelia. , a genehc lcrm refo-;A Pff eomg folrru Ntlh';n

B. Amyotophic Lateral Sclerosis' ) o deb;titohnj 4riec,,(e w;thbg rwp,c'lly logre$){e,far.tco'cttlo h'rn'(

a &ord9r )n rthieh a qe4naakns.*t , qil"& aby\ , aod

C. Subacute Combined Degeneration> co(e of t/,"t. 0p> deTttt$ion af 4o,val

defcrenq alaled TerntL|arr onmbto4fuao, 4)nocC rc betru,ttD. Tuneofs of the Spinal Cord

, cdu,(e du- all gareC brlo e,y'rylw

6. Reviewpafts ofthe and spinal cord> atcxtdi.y1 f;bv lt'oo,t ,* bodt Nlat lean)asrn ' @nq.tow po7,'ocytlo't, llnf


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sroGIO- I.

ASSIGIYMENT NO. 7DIENCEPTT,{LOTTTo study the subdivision of the diencephalon and its parts.l. Decribe the subdivisions of the diencephalon and their correspondingstructures; namely:

a. thalamuas > medral nucleu toletal aucleuvt Oo.val nuclpN

b. hypothalamus> iznl-enor / ptkiorc. subthalamus

' Batal ga.Atiod. epithalamus

z llabenulat nucl2t2. Enumerate and describe the different tharamic nuclei.'t. 4nlsrV nvclw gry - : ^aa,:wyl bdret n^itlothaton< tv,c/onl


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GIO. I.

ASSIGNMENT NO.8BASAL GANGLIA AI\D ITS COI\INECTION

To know the basal ganglia and its associated disorders.

SIO. l. Describe the structures forming the basal gangliat (orptxr l{#a'lu'n- N@\rtyvlurn> Caudaf nucleLr{

> psfaaefl- Phnwhiatum> lobu< potilAutr ltngdaataidt AavtfY-ufi1

2. Describe the functions of the component structures of the basal gangliaand their role in the extrapyramidal system.

* @,yt< \(tiqtum > q vuborhcol foi ,f lre ff,'tbro;O> coneetrled 6 wqahcz noltr fi,tnet)Onil firgXolatot'd 4uc)ear ctmplS tqardpd a< a @ilWe.t of limbic, hcakd 6*neoth lhe uqc.aI> ydmantgl ha{ olfuforg )oyut

vJtRnkndrol lotx'- Imc;amcol @n/)eoh01tt--c hilfolhota^us I

3. Give some clinical manifestations ing lesion of basal gangliaolaY cotxl ptubtenk 6 unekdnd Pwtue.6? casutaini,'rg nc.vFn1t, PoUle,rx fiWmg dotdt2 atelklng "tficuttnwcle g,yo+,t 2;0;dtu ./4. Identify the fiber connections associated with basal gangliaI '6fa1urr f 'bst

- o.e^Tniagalfofli$et &1n?.ehb11- ?ottiao ffinnt- fatlido lungol $oer ,bffiage h batal ganglio cobilA ,r ant tl ,tyeech, Ina ho{e affS,:cutfuMehv lo(.rf nwcl( fon?

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PALLIDAL CONNECTIONSA. Pallidal Afferent Jib ers :- projections to the globus pallidus arising from the striatum and subthalamicnucleus- Subthalamo-pallidal fibers arise from that claudal and medial2l3 of subthalamicnucleus and project upon the medial pallidal segmentB. PallidofugalJiber:- Principal efferent system of the corpus striatum- pallidal efferent fibers can be divided into 4 main bundlesa. Ansa lenticularis Ib. Lenticular fasciculus I arise from medial pallidal segmentc. Pallidotegmental fibers )d. Pallidosubthalamic fibers segment - mise from lateral pallidal segment

?n/trralCcprrutc

CA* *.(; A.ie-fi'l- 16,*.r"t **e*'gt* &i^{ s r. ii'rcvyr&._,

-1r.t*-"1#7rd*ti +t'{v L*,**il1;. *is *"'t'i'Ve/&n.trf,rryr

, a{tdt rt6r.}., e#e ".jL *fi"1? ,","{*f" *o

, ' qy f*... oa-&t.i-tto Auf , *.ieu4{_.t* *.t*


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. LABORATORYPROCEDURESl' Get microsections of big embryo and identifr all sttuctures associated with thedevelopment of the eye.2. Whrit are the coats/tunics of the eyeball and how do they develop?* Tbron', brnegveeral 6ss1 ,r Neraou.- o,o.,l

> ootf,eo > Rehoo' ,blerq* t/a


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LABORATORY PROCEDURE1.)

Get microsections of the eyeball. study this first under Lpo.Draw ahonzontal section of the eyeball showing the importantparts of its differentcoats. Label these. - "r;

3. Enumerate the 3 main."r,JJihl':r:i3,, and their subdivisions.,, 2ionrL eD^rlaoale.ctl I *-oo\ \ncrplc;,A . rlen o,tr coa/ - &,stinq

2- _Vanrular 6- ohonrdI a,ta,y ao41I r,\iPlace now the microscope under HPO. Focupoo the cornea and illustrate and label itsdifferent layers. --'-

iF.;

4.

7t


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5" -Enumerate the refractive media of the eyeball, eorn@o,1 aquaOU.( hurt*'Z len


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10. Discuss the rnechanism of accomodation of the eyeball for near visiont whw the eye Aw b frrrxr or) nedr objoel t;e oiibgr o&deMhock- n,h ltv aatracl,orl qr h,v .s,clpr fre Fw< nfhe pnular tuga,tqa1 ^etdx , and lii atakgr /4e /p^vhtlLOr Or moe dorllex . lhe lena no,rt har q h,flhernTracfi polue' fo todt a* n&r ob)edv

t 1. Putthe retina under HpO. What layers can you identi&?7he cclerd , ohontf , \ul


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i\ ,ASSIG}IMENT NO..12VISUAL)BETLEXES AND EYE MOVEMENTSGlO I. To study visual reflexesand eye movements.

SIO 1. Describ.e the visual reflexes and identi$ its parts.tltrufiu AE.Lry. - tf ltu trght choryn to drle O,ge, tte pupit )nelg natmalty eDfl{fn'of< pa'r'ded tal D ao- ,r , ege.

> 9Pho lros''t> tlupvior o tllculi> fftte4ol avclu'> ldt\A'- aetlPal nuclrl't, $cqrlo,ndff nerr/e> ito*leor nete

--______.

bothnot lfan(,le


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ASSIGNMtrNT NO. 13SPINAL REFLEX ARC AND ITS CLASSIFICATION

GIQ I. To study the different types of spinal reflexes.SIO l.Enumerate the parts of a reflex arc.

> receplof> oo/\Jo(y neu.tr)> apnttf> mlttr nevrin1 Effector

2. Classifu spinal reflexes as:a. somato-somatic

> knee jvti 4Pr> ftenr *ft*>- aqaaed e*te,{tg -rege4

b. somato-visceralbvau


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sro 3. Differentiate between somatic stuctures and visceral structures.> {omaL \./rucldr.r are afuvc}u*t 1sa1 ftr>n< rhc bdy r,tatrantie vkceral al.uott* anw furmed in fie Mg 4av/h.a(,

Orpolh ntuqcle / o64iac mrqolg, and grcn)y

SIO 4. Differentiate whether spinal reflexes are;A. intrasegmental> hg g/nat efiex. ;awltre onl| . one o/nat ' and vyrrtertl

B. intersegmental.> the Vfial rpfter )aapg'1 rvlote lhaay vp)nat oydwgnanl

C. ipsilateralI hfh the (Irrro.V aftit aM molor aern are { he


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SIO 5. G-ive examples of the different lypgs of spinal reflexes.> Knee )erR ,ef{eX> fleros rafte{> Ary1'ral refleX) dare flwh reflett fervp)ahon ,nfte{

slo 6. classiff the spinal and cranial nelTes according to firnction.

SIO 7. Review the parts of the brainstem and spinal cord.lLa/cLF r6^tEI orhh^uaLq and f a{{,tp yuha/ t *5+6r\,

'f ^v1"/'e,4> k-lft aa.^la.h fon t 4> fuzt'^a1 ,n,A t


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ASSIGIYMENT NO. 14LIMBIC SYSTEM','

GIO. To study the cqrpg4e,nt part of ttre limbic system together with their functions.

SIO. l. Deftnt*fiWtlkf\bic system.) il a anpler oe/ ol rlructurt( hot \ev on bolh sniler,t the lholorn*r , )"v.t under 7^e cc,ebrun.

' Pn|ron'tg rr,Tonrble M our emohonal t,fe aad trt( o hllo do ith ftrmoh'$n of neanogV

2. Name the general functions of this system.> tucg 6 ote Is- fr.t^g, ftr*Ig, f7frry, Aang, vtdutok>gnah'ng eC$vr ly

3. Discuss the cornponent partsof this system.A. found in cerebral cortex

> QigtJaa.

B: fourd in diencephalon> lloQt-n"'g

> ro*'to-Y O*&+4. Discuss and i[ustrate with complete labeling the Papez Circuit..

daC\rlut^*/ ll*|s,nuA*ff **f* \" na,n:ile-r N* a/

92


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GIO I.

SIO

ASSIGNMENT NO. 15RETICULAR ACTIVATING SYSTEMTo understand the Reticular Activating System and its associated clinicalsignificance1. Enumerate and briefly discuss the anatomical cornponents of theReticular Activating System

2. Discuss the Structures that comprises the Reticular Formation

3. Give the Functions of the Reticular Activating System

4. Give the Clinical Significance of the Reticular Activating System

oilVpd ' fhrnneckd tughrN

\ fe1tnehluTtl\ tale.dl fltTafholo^tc a"eO l> fhal qmt\ :No* pea ftc .'e{fon(Cfaft.n< a genera/izc ft7qtdln.V funcf'x)Eilendtr - t4F,hd) csd tr ceregrumvllllytLollg ptccpd a6ong fheL^1orta^l nerlut- to+.tt (tucwdrhg9, darcendng) nuetei

*p|rcl urd (uahnltouyf 6 |hg ;n6^euan1,I gt"J motkr)+

Ncdullct 4 Ptiru a m'ilbta,nItoubth olanv,t t hyTdh alaauty*o-''reere bell urrl

9OL/,\7N+PTIC- Palhellv - xrql and ool4 crowedt ond uncryatd accvndtng ?I a*end.ag yatA^taguIIafpr


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t,1ssh(hnb

Ar.f,o I 4 frftc\,? ltr o;^l'+land olhQr

b"h"t ,f fn4wnufi,^J hgptAalaic.fluen cg n/1 rt-4,( euza-*ba

ItSt.ul* a,-eh'rrAqrz.uula4 k

f|o,rt. e*n'loral q4

micro manual sem2 volume 1

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