micro computer processor chips: a focus on intel, amd, and cyrix

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Micro Computer Processor Chips: A Focus On Intel, AMD, and Cyrix Spring 2002 Section: 2 Jeremy Bruker Matt Carey Jeffery Hensley

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Micro Computer Processor Chips: A Focus On Intel, AMD, and Cyrix. Spring 2002 Section: 2 Jeremy Bruker Matt Carey Jeffery Hensley. Roots of The Modern Industry. Intel Corporation created (1968) Bob Noyce and Gordon Moore “ Int egrated El ectronics” - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Micro Computer Processor Chips: A Focus On Intel, AMD, and Cyrix

Micro Computer Processor Chips: A Focus On Intel, AMD, and Cyrix

Spring 2002

Section: 2

Jeremy Bruker

Matt Carey

Jeffery Hensley

Page 2: Micro Computer Processor Chips: A Focus On Intel, AMD, and Cyrix

Roots of The Modern Industry

• Intel Corporation created (1968)– Bob Noyce and Gordon Moore – “Integrated Electronics”– first microprocessor released to the public in

November 1971– Genius of development and design– 3101 (SRAM)

Page 3: Micro Computer Processor Chips: A Focus On Intel, AMD, and Cyrix

Roots of The Modern Industry (cont)

• AMD– eight people, including Jerry Sanders 1969– Working out of their Living Room– “Parametric superiority”– the motto– guarantee of quality on electronics that the

company certified and tested

Page 4: Micro Computer Processor Chips: A Focus On Intel, AMD, and Cyrix

The First Microprocessor

– Busicom asked Intel to create 12 custom chips– Intel answered this with one general purpose

chip– Ted Hoff and Stan Mazor creators of the chip it

was 1/8 inch long and 1/6 inch wide, had 2,300 metal oxide semiconductors

– Equivalent to the ENIAC supercomputers– Foundation of modern Chips the Intel 4004

Page 5: Micro Computer Processor Chips: A Focus On Intel, AMD, and Cyrix

Intel 4004

• 4-Bit

• Containing command registers, a decoder, decoding control, control monitoring of machine commands, and interim registers.

• Pioneer spacecraft used the 4004 and started the use of processors in broader areas

Page 6: Micro Computer Processor Chips: A Focus On Intel, AMD, and Cyrix

Generations: First Generation

• Intel 8086 • 16-bit bus • 5 MHz – 10 MHZ• 29,000 transistors • broke the RAM into 64KB

sections

Page 7: Micro Computer Processor Chips: A Focus On Intel, AMD, and Cyrix

Generations: Second Generation

• 1982, Intel 80286 known as 286

• first Intel processors that was backwards compatible

• 6 - 20MHz • Wider Address Lines

allowed for 16MB of memory

Page 8: Micro Computer Processor Chips: A Focus On Intel, AMD, and Cyrix

Generations: Third Generation• 386 family, 1985• 80386DX was the first true

32-bit processor • “multi-tasking”• total memory of 4 Gb • 33 MHz version - 275,000

transistors • 80386SX was the standard

16-bit• Chip was copied very well

by AMD and Cyrix

Page 9: Micro Computer Processor Chips: A Focus On Intel, AMD, and Cyrix

Generations: Fourth Generation

• upgradeable processors and standardized motherboard sockets

• Intel released the 80486 known as the 486– 32-bit – built in math co-processor– incorporated level one cache– concept of burst mode to reduce the wait time on

memory access – The 486SX math co-processor was disabled on the

chip but is the same chip as the 486DX

Page 10: Micro Computer Processor Chips: A Focus On Intel, AMD, and Cyrix

Generations: Fourth Generation cont.

• AMD’s 5x86 family– one speed 133 MHz on boards with 33Mhz bus

– uses a .35-micron trace in its processor

• Cyrix - M1sc – resembled the AMD

– Had Pentium qualities , such as pipeline burst

– 16Kb larger cache then the 486 DX chip

– Came in two speeds 100 and 120 Mhz

– Fastest class of chip that will run in 486 motherboard

Page 11: Micro Computer Processor Chips: A Focus On Intel, AMD, and Cyrix

Generations: Fifth Generation

• increase of AMD and Cyrix cloning the Intel chips leads Intel Trademarks the name Pentium

• Pentium– has a memory bus of 64 bits– used a split level 1 cache 8kb for instruction.– Faster floating point calculations– Introduced MMX technology

Page 12: Micro Computer Processor Chips: A Focus On Intel, AMD, and Cyrix

Generations: Fifth Generation cont.

• AMD– K5 chips however these chips did not perform

as well as the Pentium it was released a year late and was too slow

– RISC- based architecture – 16Kb main cache, 4-way set associative cache

mapping, and register renaming – Problems: with compatibility to the Pentium

class.

Page 13: Micro Computer Processor Chips: A Focus On Intel, AMD, and Cyrix

Generations: Fifth Generation cont.

• Cyrix 6X86– 5 to 7 stage internal pipeline – 4-way primary cache – problems with: processor identification

problems, motherboard compatibility, heat/power usage, and no multi-processor support. Internally

Page 14: Micro Computer Processor Chips: A Focus On Intel, AMD, and Cyrix

Generations: sixth Generation• Intel’s Pentium Pro and the Pentium II• Pentium Pro

– RISC-like microinstructions – 14 level super pipeline – cache ranging from 256Kb up to 1Mb – 180 to 200 MHz

• Pentium II– double level cache 1 – segment register caches – contained less cache level 2 – 233 to 333 MHz

Page 15: Micro Computer Processor Chips: A Focus On Intel, AMD, and Cyrix

Generations: sixth Generation cont.

• AMD K6– 64 KB of level 1 cache – K6 is quite similar to the Pentium Pro at the same clock

speed but was not as good as the Pentium

• Cyrix 6x86MX – Added MMX to their chips– 64 bit, and a small additional level 1 cache– Still has heat problems and power usage problems

• 1997 acquisition of Cyrix by giant National Semiconductor

Page 16: Micro Computer Processor Chips: A Focus On Intel, AMD, and Cyrix

Generations: seventh Generation

• Intel Pentium III – 8 new 128 bit floating point registers – Single Instruction Multiple Data function – 12 new MMX instructions – 100 or 133 MHz Front Side Bus versions – 70 new streaming SIMD extensions – Full speed level two cache – Advanced System Buffering technology

Page 17: Micro Computer Processor Chips: A Focus On Intel, AMD, and Cyrix

Generations: seventh Generation cont.

• AMD Athlon– First seventh Generation chip.– 256KB of on-chip – 200 and 266 front side buses– Based on the Thunderbird design– Running from 750 Mhz – 1.0 Ghz

Page 18: Micro Computer Processor Chips: A Focus On Intel, AMD, and Cyrix

Generations: eight Generation

• Intel Pentium IV– 42 million transistors and circuit lines of 0.18 microns

– 400 MHz system bus

– 1.50Ghz to the current 2.40 GHz

• AMD MP– AMD PowerNow!

– super scalar x86 processor micro architecture designed for high performance

– bus snooping capability

Page 19: Micro Computer Processor Chips: A Focus On Intel, AMD, and Cyrix

Generations: eight Generation cont.

• AMD XP– 37.5 million on board transistors – 266 MHz Front Side Bus – a peak transfer rate of 2.1 GB a second – 3Dnow! – multiple parallel x86 instruction decoders – Leading in 3d graphics

Page 20: Micro Computer Processor Chips: A Focus On Intel, AMD, and Cyrix

Generations: nine Generation

• AMD – Hammer

• Intel – IA-64

Page 21: Micro Computer Processor Chips: A Focus On Intel, AMD, and Cyrix

The End