micro computer processor chips: a focus on intel, amd, and cyrix
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Micro Computer Processor Chips: A Focus On Intel, AMD, and Cyrix. Spring 2002 Section: 2 Jeremy Bruker Matt Carey Jeffery Hensley. Roots of The Modern Industry. Intel Corporation created (1968) Bob Noyce and Gordon Moore “ Int egrated El ectronics” - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Micro Computer Processor Chips: A Focus On Intel, AMD, and Cyrix
Spring 2002
Section: 2
Jeremy Bruker
Matt Carey
Jeffery Hensley
Roots of The Modern Industry
• Intel Corporation created (1968)– Bob Noyce and Gordon Moore – “Integrated Electronics”– first microprocessor released to the public in
November 1971– Genius of development and design– 3101 (SRAM)
Roots of The Modern Industry (cont)
• AMD– eight people, including Jerry Sanders 1969– Working out of their Living Room– “Parametric superiority”– the motto– guarantee of quality on electronics that the
company certified and tested
The First Microprocessor
– Busicom asked Intel to create 12 custom chips– Intel answered this with one general purpose
chip– Ted Hoff and Stan Mazor creators of the chip it
was 1/8 inch long and 1/6 inch wide, had 2,300 metal oxide semiconductors
– Equivalent to the ENIAC supercomputers– Foundation of modern Chips the Intel 4004
Intel 4004
• 4-Bit
• Containing command registers, a decoder, decoding control, control monitoring of machine commands, and interim registers.
• Pioneer spacecraft used the 4004 and started the use of processors in broader areas
Generations: First Generation
• Intel 8086 • 16-bit bus • 5 MHz – 10 MHZ• 29,000 transistors • broke the RAM into 64KB
sections
Generations: Second Generation
• 1982, Intel 80286 known as 286
• first Intel processors that was backwards compatible
• 6 - 20MHz • Wider Address Lines
allowed for 16MB of memory
Generations: Third Generation• 386 family, 1985• 80386DX was the first true
32-bit processor • “multi-tasking”• total memory of 4 Gb • 33 MHz version - 275,000
transistors • 80386SX was the standard
16-bit• Chip was copied very well
by AMD and Cyrix
Generations: Fourth Generation
• upgradeable processors and standardized motherboard sockets
• Intel released the 80486 known as the 486– 32-bit – built in math co-processor– incorporated level one cache– concept of burst mode to reduce the wait time on
memory access – The 486SX math co-processor was disabled on the
chip but is the same chip as the 486DX
Generations: Fourth Generation cont.
• AMD’s 5x86 family– one speed 133 MHz on boards with 33Mhz bus
– uses a .35-micron trace in its processor
• Cyrix - M1sc – resembled the AMD
– Had Pentium qualities , such as pipeline burst
– 16Kb larger cache then the 486 DX chip
– Came in two speeds 100 and 120 Mhz
– Fastest class of chip that will run in 486 motherboard
Generations: Fifth Generation
• increase of AMD and Cyrix cloning the Intel chips leads Intel Trademarks the name Pentium
• Pentium– has a memory bus of 64 bits– used a split level 1 cache 8kb for instruction.– Faster floating point calculations– Introduced MMX technology
Generations: Fifth Generation cont.
• AMD– K5 chips however these chips did not perform
as well as the Pentium it was released a year late and was too slow
– RISC- based architecture – 16Kb main cache, 4-way set associative cache
mapping, and register renaming – Problems: with compatibility to the Pentium
class.
Generations: Fifth Generation cont.
• Cyrix 6X86– 5 to 7 stage internal pipeline – 4-way primary cache – problems with: processor identification
problems, motherboard compatibility, heat/power usage, and no multi-processor support. Internally
Generations: sixth Generation• Intel’s Pentium Pro and the Pentium II• Pentium Pro
– RISC-like microinstructions – 14 level super pipeline – cache ranging from 256Kb up to 1Mb – 180 to 200 MHz
• Pentium II– double level cache 1 – segment register caches – contained less cache level 2 – 233 to 333 MHz
Generations: sixth Generation cont.
• AMD K6– 64 KB of level 1 cache – K6 is quite similar to the Pentium Pro at the same clock
speed but was not as good as the Pentium
• Cyrix 6x86MX – Added MMX to their chips– 64 bit, and a small additional level 1 cache– Still has heat problems and power usage problems
• 1997 acquisition of Cyrix by giant National Semiconductor
Generations: seventh Generation
• Intel Pentium III – 8 new 128 bit floating point registers – Single Instruction Multiple Data function – 12 new MMX instructions – 100 or 133 MHz Front Side Bus versions – 70 new streaming SIMD extensions – Full speed level two cache – Advanced System Buffering technology
Generations: seventh Generation cont.
• AMD Athlon– First seventh Generation chip.– 256KB of on-chip – 200 and 266 front side buses– Based on the Thunderbird design– Running from 750 Mhz – 1.0 Ghz
Generations: eight Generation
• Intel Pentium IV– 42 million transistors and circuit lines of 0.18 microns
– 400 MHz system bus
– 1.50Ghz to the current 2.40 GHz
• AMD MP– AMD PowerNow!
– super scalar x86 processor micro architecture designed for high performance
– bus snooping capability
Generations: eight Generation cont.
• AMD XP– 37.5 million on board transistors – 266 MHz Front Side Bus – a peak transfer rate of 2.1 GB a second – 3Dnow! – multiple parallel x86 instruction decoders – Leading in 3d graphics
Generations: nine Generation
• AMD – Hammer
• Intel – IA-64
The End