micro and nano for energy

Microtechnologies, a unique advantage for Energy‐ production, ‐ transportation ‐ use

G. Kotrotsios

[email protected]

N hât l 04 05 2010Neuchâtel, 04.05.2010

d i 1984…depuis 1984

Copyright 2009 CSEM | Club Ravel , 6 octobre 2009 | G. Kotrotsios | Page 1

A dAgenda

• Why use micro‐, nano‐ and ICT

• What CSEM is doing today – yesterday?: examples

C f t ti i ti• Comfort optimization

• Presence detection and lighting control

• Automatic Meter Reading (AMR)• Automatic Meter Reading (AMR)

• Tomorrow

• Systems: Data decentralization smart grid• Systems: Data decentralization, smart grid

• Devices: ICT for energy saving and the Next Generation of PV as a

marriage between « traditional » PV and MNT


P i tili d i ?Pourquoi utiliser des micro‐ , nano‐,…?

• Axioma I:

– The cheapest KWh is the one that has not been used

A i II• Axioma II:

– The next cheapest KWh is the one that intellently used

• Beyond ecologic production, there is enormous potential for

– economies of consumption– economies of consumption

– Intelligent and economic use in

‐Demand SideDemand Side

‐Supply Side


A dAgenda


• What CSEM is doing today – yesterday?: examples




• Tomorrow





I t lli t S t f C f t t lIntelligent Systems for Comfort control


How it works?How it works?

Climate Prediction

External Temperature, Solar Radiation

Internal Temperature

Flow Temperature

Return Temperature

Val e ControlO ti l C t lB ildi

Popt UT_int + -1/Kp

Heating PowerSample Vector

User Adaptation Block

Valve ControlOptimal ControlBuildingBehaviorPrediction User Setpoint, Window OpeningP T_comfort

• Predictif control

• Self‐commissioning adaptive controlSelf commissioning adaptive control

system


lower consumption with improved comfort... lower consumption...with improved comfort


Wh t’ d f ?« What’s good for me »?

f h l b l• Optimisation of the global consumption

• Electric (light, home appliances, IT, etc..)

H ti C f t• Heating, Comfort

• Simultaneously: Electric and Heating

• Per house, neighbourhood, district, etc…

• Centralised versus decentralised optimisation optimisation of chagre (Demand• Centralised versus decentralised optimisation optimisation of chagre (Demand

Side Management)


A dAgenda


• What CSEM is doing today – yesterday: examples?




• Tomorrow





C t lli li hti i i t lli tControlling lighting using intelligent sensors


Th diff i i d i

M t f l t i d l t t

The differences in sensing and processing

Management of electric doors, elevators, etc..


A dAgenda






• Tomorrow





Automatic Metering ReadingAutomatic Metering Reading

N b tt (i d ti li )• No battery (inductive coupling)

• Low consumption

• ~10 ppm error‐rate OCR in 10 ms

• “Low cost”

• Compact


Wh t’ d f ?« What’s good for me »?

l f f h• Real time information for the users

• Reading of consumption of individual appliances

A t t d• A step towards

• smart home

• smart grid• smart grid

• Security Quality of Life Economy Global optimisation• Security, Quality of Life, Economy, Global optimisation


A dAgenda






• Tomorrow





M ti tiMotivation

• Low power was always the concern of CSEM

• More recently two topics have been developped CSEM

Wi l N t k ( d f it d b l Zi b )• Wireless sensor Networks (order of magnitude below Zigbee)

• WiseNET

• Solar Energy• Solar Energy

• Solar Island: large scale

• Organic Photovoltaics• Organic Photovoltaics

• How to produce a lever effect between the small and the big?


M it i li d t d i ti i tMonitoring applied today in preventive maintenance

• Example: Hydropower

• Dams structural monitoring

• Land‐sliding above the dam

• Water turbidity

• Water pollution in the dam

• Generator optimal use (eccentricity and vibrations…)


Th ll f th biThe very small for the very big…

Alternative energy production system

Hundreds of monitoring devices

High Density Sensor Network: Monitoring and Optimisation

Sensor Node


Wh thi ill b ibl t l l ?When this will be possible at large scale?

• Large number of sensor nodes:

• No power supply

Mi i l Di i• Minimal Dimensions

• Negligeable costs

• Easy Deployment• Easy Deployment

• Environmental compatible

• Adequate communication Protocols• Adequate communication Protocols

Exploitation as a system optimisation toolExploitation as a system optimisation tool

Expoitation as energy decrease of a sum of a very large number of

« small » individual energy consumers


« small » individual energy consumers

A dAgenda






• Solar Islands

• Tomorrow• Tomorrow

• Systems: Data decentralization, smart grid

• Devices: ICT for energy saving and the Next Generation of PV as aDevices: ICT for energy saving and the Next Generation of PV as a



It ill b ibl !!It will be possible!!


Source: Gene A. Frantz, TI Developer Conf., 2008.

Energy ScavengingEnergy Scavenging


Source: MEDEA+ report on “Energy Autonomous Systems: Future Trends in Devices, Technology and Systems,” 2008.

E H ti O d f it dEnergy Harvesting – Orders of magnitude

Source Caractéristiques Efficacité Puissance (η) collectée

Photovoltaïque Intérieur 0.1mW/cm2 10 µW/cm2

10 24% 10-24% Extérieur 100mW/cm2 10mW/cm2 Vibration/ Mouvement

0 5m@1Hz Puissance 3 Home 0.5m@1Hz 1m/s2@50Hz

Puissance maximale dépend de la source

4 µW/cm3

Industrie 1m@5Hz 10m/s2@1kHz 100 µW/cm3

Energie gThermique Home 20mW/cm2 0.10% 25 µW/cm2 Industrie 100 mW/cm2 0.30% 1-10mW/cm2 Electromagnétique GSM 900MHz 0.03-0.3 µW/cm2 50% 0.1 µW/cm2 1800MHz 0.01-0.1 3 µW/cm2


Source: Chris van Hoof, ISSCC 2008 Workshop.

E t it f b tt iEnergy storage capacity of batteries

• Energy storage density continuously

increases~1.5x/decade (~1.04x/year)

• Growth smaller if comparing to wireless• Growth smaller if comparing to wireless

(~1.4x/year), speed of microprocessors

(~1.7x/year) hard disc capacity storage

(~2.0x/year)



T dTrends…


Source: Paul Wright, “Energy Scavenging/Harvesting,” CITRIS, 2008

E tEnergy storage



A dAgenda






• Tomorrow





L t b t h t i t t !Last but perhaps most important !

E ’ i h ll id tifi d i th• Europe’s main challenges as identified in the

Strategic Research Agenda of the Photovoltaic (PV) platform

( with considerble contribution by Top Swiss Scientists):( with considerble contribution by Top Swiss Scientists):

• Transit from the PV modules to PV systems: ICT Smart Grid• Transit from the PV modules to PV systems: ICT, Smart Grid

• Combine MNT with « traditional » PV for the next generation

• Rapid « lab to fab »• Rapid « lab to fab »


C l iConclusions

h l l d d f• Microtechnologies are already used for energy management

E t ti l• Enormous potentiel

• Through Optimisation of small sources of entropy

• Through the usage of subsystems as tools to optimize systemically• Through the usage of subsystems as tools to optimize systemically

• In integrating these tools

• Trend towards

• Device optimization extensively using Micro‐, Nano and ICT technologiesDevice optimization extensively using Micro , Nano and ICT technologies

• System integration


Thank you for your attention!

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