michigan municipal league...

Downtown Jackson AlleywayJackson, Michigan

School of Planning, Design and Construction

MICHIGAN MUNICIPAL LEAGUE

PlacePlan

Better Communities. Better Michigan.

MICHIGAN MUNICIPAL LEAGUE

PlacePlanDowntown Jackson AlleywayJackson, Michigan

September 2014

PlacePlan: Jackson, Michigan

Contents Acknowledgments MIplace Initiative PlacePlans Technical Assistance Team Members Local Partners

1 Preface Downtown Jackson Alleyway

3 Introduction Project Overview Overview of Existing Site

5 Methodology Overview National Charrette Institute’s Charrette System MML Stakeholder Interview Process

7 Community Input Phase One: Community Kick-Off Workshop Phase Two: Design Charrette

9 Downton Jackson Alleyway Design Considerations Design Parameters Key Design Principles and Elements Sidebar: Mixed-use Development and Placemaking

13 Place Assets Recommendations for Action Physical Design and Walkability Environmental Sustainability Cultural Economic Development Entrepreneurship Multiculturalism Transportation Options Messaging and Technology Education

33 Appendix

PlacePlan: Jackson, Michigan

School of Planning, Design and Construction

Acknowledgments

Local Partners

The PlacePlan Technical Assistance Team would like to acknowledge the Jackson City staff and elected and appointed officials for their constant support and assistance. The local partners ensured that the team had data, documents, and the community input necessary for completing the analysis and resulting asset, planning, and design recommendations for the Downtown Jackson Alleyway site. Special thanks to Executive Director, Jonathan Greene, and Assistant to the Director, Rebecca Rae, at Jackson Downtown Development Authority for their contributions.

The PlacePlan Technical Assistance Team would like to express their sincere gratitude to the dozens of residents, business owners, land owners, and other stakeholders that attended the Community Visioning Meeting and Multiple-Day Design Charrette and provided feedback during this process. Additionally, the team would like to thank the Grand River Marketplace for hosting the location for the design charrette portion of this process. Placemaking begins with a community-supported vision for what makes a place a true destination in the community. Without you, this process would not be possible.

PlacePlan Technical Assistance Team Members

MIplace Initiative

The MIplacePartnership is a statewide initiative with the purpose of keeping Michigan at the forefront of a national movement known as placemaking. It is based on the concept that people choose to live in places that offer the amenities, resources, social and professional networks, and opportunities to support thriving lifestyles. The partnership helps communities create and bolster those places. It is led at the state agency level by the Michigan State Housing Development Authority, and coordinated through a public/private leadership collaborative known as the Sense of Place Council. Michigan State Univer-sity and the Michigan Municipal League, the partners on this project, are collaborators with the Sense of Place Council.

Michigan Municipal LeagueLuke ForrestHeather Van PouckerAdam CookRichard Murphy

Michigan State University School of Planning, Design, and ConstructionFaculty Co-PI’s Warren RauheWayne Beyea

Research Assistants Jack McDonoughSean CampbellNick TafelskyMatt Klovski

MSU Extension Educators Glenn Pape

michigan municipal league

PlacePlan: Jackson, Michigan | 1

The following proposed design, land use regulatory tools, and asset optimization recommendations for the Jackson PlacePlan project fall under the planning approach termed placemaking. The Placemaking approach helps communities identify and build upon their unique strengths and personalities to grow and thrive: it leverages the public spaces within the community, and the activities of people in those spaces, to build virtuous cycles of use. Whether applied to a single lot, a street, or an entire downtown or neighborhood, placemaking helps communities raise up their distinct character both to best serve their residents and to attract new residents and businesses.

For decades, communi-ties have ignored the importance of “Place” and put greater emphasis on accommodating for the automobile. Placemaking aims to create or restore a higher quality living environment in key parts of a community through urban redevelopment that builds on existing structures and infrastruc-

ture with good form –like many historic structures. By empowering citizens to en-gage in the Placemaking process, high qual-ity urban places can come into being.

Communities must differentiate themselves to attract residents and businesses as the economy continues to globalize. Placemak-ing’s approach of engaging around existing assets supports this goal while honoring local culture and community.

PrefaceDowntown Jackson Alleyway

Downtown Jackson Photo Source: Michigan Municipal League


The four-block alley that bisects Downtown

Jackson shows the potential for pedestrian

walkability and interaction with the sur-

rounding businesses, restaurants, and more.

This project aims to employ tactical, cre-

ative, and strategic planning and design

techniques to create a continuous and

visually cohesive corridor that will not only

serve as a means for getting from Point A to

Point B, but as a destination in and of itself.

The City has requested support from the

Michigan Municipal League and Michigan

State University to prepare a PlacePlan for

the Alleyway that facilitates pedestrian

connections to nearby assets and provides

design recommendations that will act as a

catalyst for job creation and revitalization.

Engagement with the community was a

necessary step in determining the proper

planning techniques and design for innova-

tive infrastructure improvements. The

desired outcome of this PlacePlan is to fully

develop a shovel-ready project or list of

projects that can be implemented by the

City of Jackson.

Overview of Existing SiteThe Alleyway is a critical building block in the movement of people in Downtown Jackson. The existing alley runs north to south in the heart of Downtown Jackson, bounded by Washington Avenue and Louis Glick (US-127). The corridor created by the alley will provide efficient access to local businesses, restaurants, entertainment, and other exist-ing and forthcoming activities in the area. The appeal of this study area comes from its high density and mixed-use capacity, both of which present opportunities for social interaction and economic development. By integrating better design with physical and visual connectivity, the City can further downtown economic development efforts via increased foot traffic, enhanced mobility, and quality infrastructure improvements. Development of the Down-town Alleyway Project will spark a new era of placemaking action in Jackson.

IntroductionProject Overview

4 | PlacePlan: Jackson, Michigan


In order to provide carefully considered

asset, planning, and design recommenda-

tions for implementation of an Alleyway

project, the following process was carried

out for gathering the necessary informa-

tion and input:

• Reviewed local/regional land use plans

and relevant data

• Inventoried assets that fulfill the League’s

21st Century Community criteria

• Conducted interviews with stakeholders

• Held three community meetings:

• Phase One: Community Kick-off Workshop

• Phase Two: Design Charrette

• Phase Three: Final Report Presentation

National Charrette Institute’s Charrette SystemThese phases were carried out in line with the National Charrette Institute’s (NCI) Charrette System. With objec-tives that include creating a safe environment in which all members can participate in planning their community; planning for scenarios at the neighborhood scale, bringing an on-the-ground reality to community planning by creat-ing demonstration projects that often turn into real cata-lytic development, and anchoring public involvement with realistic constraints, the Jackson community was engaged in NCI’s three planning phases, including a stakeholder interview process.

MML Stakeholder Interview ProcessA critical element of the charrette process is engagement, including the preparatory work of interviewing stakehold-ers in advance of the design charrette meetings. The purpose is to identify key stakeholders and allow ample opportunity for input in a non-public setting for groups with considerable vested interest in the project. Initial stakeholder analysis was prepared by MML, identifying individuals and groups that may be appropriate to speak with directly, and provided that information to the City for review and input. Representatives from MML and MSU then held interviews aimed at promoting a shared understanding of the project, identifying priorities, concerns, and potential barriers to success.

MethodologyOverview

Looking North From Michigan Avenue


Phase One: Community Kick-Off WorkshopThe City of Jackson hosted a visioning meeting on Decem-ber 19, 2013 to set the PlacePlans planning process in mo-tion. At this meeting, the team introduced and described to an audience of Jackson stakeholders the Jackson Alleyway Project and its scope of work. The meeting established a timeline and a list of milestones through which develop-ment of the project could be completed. By the end of the meeting, this timeline was assigned to a tentative schedule. Stakeholders at the meeting were then asked what they were proud of, sorry about, and what they would like to see regarding the Alleyway. Comments during this segment of the meeting are summarized in Figure 1.

Phase Two: Design CharretteOn March 6th and 7th, 2014, a multiple-day design charrette was held at Grand River Marketplace to gauge stakeholders’ feelings towards the Alleyway. Prior to the meetings, an ar-ray of design images were produced to visualize the many directions in which the project could go. After all of the im-ages and concepts were introduced, participants broke off into small groups of 5 to 10 and sat down at tables where facilitators led discussions about the project. Participants wrote on notecards what they liked and did not like about the design images. After this step was completed, partici-pants then wrote additional comments on post-it notes and placed them on pictures of the design concepts for the trail. This two-day process revealed similar and varying senti-ments towards the Alleyway and thereby enabled the plan-ning team to establish priorities for the report.

Figure 1: Visioning Session Summary

Community Input

Proud

Sorry

Vision

• Farmers Market• New residential apartments• Businesses that are oriented towards the alley • Downtown is becoming more and more attractive

• No place to hang out• Unsavory reputation and usage • Poor lighting• Poorly maintained streetscape

• Well maintained path• “See it not smell it” • Used as pedestrian conduit• Encouraging business growth in the surrounding areas


Downtown Jackson AlleywayDesign Considerations

Key Design Principles and ElementsMany of the key design principles that set the stage for specific design elements came from the feedback received through the community input process. Much of this focused on the need for authentic public space that would promote the urban atmosphere and encourage residents and visitors to utilize Downtown Jackson during the day and night, resulting in support that would inspire a stronger commu-nity identity. Key elements like multi-purpose, multi-sea-sonal, and flexible public space are emphasized to support local businesses, housing, and key anchors like the farmers market and the Grand River. These spaces will encourage active and passive uses like special events, recreation, night life, and enjoyable entertainment for users of all ages.

Another key design principle was to ensure cohesive connection between main attractions along the alley and important features found in Jackson’s historical neighborhoods. By adopting an artistic culture, which caters to sculpture display, wall murals, and creative public utility, users will spend time in and out of the Alleyway exploring the

Design ParametersIn an effort to plan for and enhance the four-block, pedestrian-oriented, Downtown Jackson Alleyway, collaboration with the community, key stakeholders, and city officials lead to design parameters that defined what the future vision for the space would look like. Capturing the important “Jackson-esque” feeling of the downtown district, like history, architecture, culture, art, uniqueness, and suitable downtown atmosphere helped develop “The Jax” theme. In addition, physical attributes of Jack-son, like the Grand River, recreation space, entertainment, restaurants, shopping, and diverse types of housing helped define specific spaces that will occur along the Alleyway. Finally, important details like beautification, accessibility, public gathering space, and uses for all ages to strengthen connections to adjacent neighborhoods began to outline what a sense of place for the Alleyway would really look and feel like.

Looking South Through the Alley

unheralded talents that make Jackson unique. Additionally, adding focal points inside the alley, and also at terminating ends, creates a destination that people will be excited to reach as they pass interesting and inviting businesses, restaurants, and shopping boutiques that open out into the Alleyway.

Safety in an urban environment is always a concern, which made the topic an important one to Jackson residents and officials. As a key design principle, multiple corresponding


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• Supporting a 24/7 district: mixing daytime employment uses with evening shopping and entertainment uses and nighttime residents ensures something is happening at all times—creating a place where people want to be.

• Allowing businesses and residents to attract each other: a walkable mixed-use district provides amenities that attract new residents, and a built-in customer base that can support new businesses, creating a virtuous cycle of activity and investment.

• Making efficient use of public resources: compact, mixed-use development costs less per unit to serve with public utilities, while producing substantially higher tax yields per acre, providing a much higher return on public investment. This effect is even stronger when building in infill locations in existing downtowns and neighborhood centers.

• Reducing household transportation and energy costs: residents of mixed-use districts typically have lower total housing and transportation costs, due to the efficiencies of living near jobs, shopping, and other destinations. These savings trans- late into increased spending power, which supports the local economy.1

Mixed-use Development and PlacemakingCompact, mixed-use properties are the building blocks that private developers contribute to a vibrant urban district. Whether these are two-story neighborhood centers with apartments and professional offices above convenience retail, or ten stories of condos, hotel rooms, and offices above downtown shopping and restaurants, this development form has many benefits, which include:

Household demand for the economic and quality-of-life benefits of living in mixed-use developments has risen in recent years, and, in most communities, supply has not yet caught up. To build on the public space investments described in this plan, the city should identify appropriate locations for mixed-use development in the surrounding area; examine adopted plans, zoning and development regulations, and use of incentives to ensure these tools support the desired development; and engage directly with developers to solicit proposals.

1 For more information on these benefits, review The Option of Urbanism (2009) by developer and Brookings Institution Visiting Fellow Chris Leinberger, and Smart Growth Savings (2014) by Todd Litman, Victoria Public Policy Institute

elements of design were included to improve the perceived safety of the Alleyway. The provision of public utilities like benches, trash receptacles, emergency stations, bicycle parking and entrance arbors will help keep people in a space that is clean and functional. Additionally, lighting on the streets, on buildings and above the Alleyway reduce dark areas, keeping pedestrians comfortable during all hours of the day. Marked pedestrian crossings can build on this concept by controlling traffic at all of the intersec-tions and increasing safety and connectivity throughout the Alleyway.

Finally, a focus on environmental and sensible design techniques were crucial to sustaining the quality and beauty of Jackson’s greatest native feature, the Grand River. Special techniques like green roofs, green walls, native planting, and stormwater management are key elements of design that will help decrease the negative effects of an urban environment to the surrounding flora and fauna. These features, among others mentioned will enhance the beauty of Downtown Jackson and create a sense of place that will encapsulate the City as a whole.


Place AssetsRecommendations for Action

The Placemaking approach helps communities identify and build upon their unique strengths and personalities to grow and thrive: it leverages the public spaces within the community, and the activities of people in those spaces, to build virtuous cycles of activity. Whether applied to a single lot or alley, a street, or an entire downtown or neighbor-hood, placemaking helps com-munities raise up their distinct character both to best serve their residents and to attract new resi-dents and businesses.

Communities must differentiate themselves to attract residents and businesses as the economy continues to globalize. Placemak-ing’s approach of engaging around existing assets supports this goal while honoring local culture and community. While each community will have a different mixture of assets and opportunities, several common elements support placemaking in a broad variety of places. These common elements provide a sound foundation that communities can build on with their individual assets through the placemaking process.

• Physical Design and Walkability• Environmental Sustainability• Cultural Economic Development• Entrepreneurship

• Multiculturalism• Transportation Options• Messaging and Technology• Education

From April to November, people eagerly flock to the Grand River Farmer’s Market in

Downtown Jackson to find locally-grown fruits, vegetables, and more.


Physical Design and WalkabilityThe physical design and walkability of a community helps create interest, connectivity and overall “sense of place.” Walkability and connectivity can afford people safe and convenient access to the places they live, work, shop, and play. Examples include a traditional down-town with easy access from historic and/or architecturally pleasing residential areas, and mixed-use development that encourages appropriate density, traffic and other infrastruc-ture design features that value the human scale by considering the pedestrian, bicyclist and other non-motorized uses of the space.

The challenge is that oftentimes our streets are designed to prioritize cars, aiming to move them through a community as quickly as possible, without appropriate consideration for pedestrians, bicyclists and other users. Market analysis continues to show that preferences are changing, and more people want to live in neighborhoods with walkable downtowns, access to cultural, social, and entertainment opportunities, with a variety of transportation options. Walkability not only helps to create a strong sense of place, it promotes a strong local economy and healthy lifestyle.

The downtown Jackson project location boasts a WalkScore of 100, a “Walker’s Paradise,” thanks to the fine-grained traditional street grid and mix of uses. WalkScore primarily measures proxim-ity to destinations, rather than quality of pedestrian experience, suggesting that Jackson has great raw material to work with. The alley project’s focus on improv-ing the pedestrian’s qualitative experi-ence, to ease access among downtown destinations, is therefore appropriate.

However, there remain other significant barriers to downtown walkability. One is the higher-speed one-way US-127 busi-ness loop around downtown, which cre-ates an obstacle to cyclists and walkers coming into the Michigan Avenue area from surrounding neighborhoods. Ad-ditionally, multilane one-way streets often force down-town users to reach their destinations indirectly, serving longer-distance traffic over local business district travel. The City of Jackson is pursuing two-way conversion of this loop, and has already made changes to streets that intersect it in anticipation of the change.

The Alley running between Michigan and Washington Ave. poses an opportunity for a walkable

atmosphere. The presence of plants, street furniture, pedestrian texture, scale of paving, and

lighting will create an exuberant environment from one end of the Alley to the other.

The other potential liability is the amount of downtown land dedicated to parking—approximately half of the downtown off-street land area is dedicated to parking. Surface parking lots both pose a barrier to pedestrians, by providing gaps between attractive downtown uses, as well as having an opportunity cost: land area dedicated to parking is land that does not have residents or employees on it.


Recommendations

• Identify opportunities to promote development of surface parking lots.

• Incorporate plants and vegetation along the Alleyway

• Allow for year-round use

• Install signage to guide users of the Alleyway to certain destinations.

• Create vibrant, inviting entrances at Washington Avenue and Louis Glick Highway.

Implementation Opportunities

• Review off-street parking utilization; consider reducing off-street parking requirements for development.

• Use Target Market Analysis portion of current master planning process to identify development opportunities and upcoming Redevelop- ment Ready Communities process to identify appropriate incentives.

• Review complete streets resolution; consider possibility of street trees, bushes, and other plants and vegetation along the alley.

• Ensure the physical upkeep of the alley involves scheduled snow, leaf, and trash removal year-round.

• Use form-based code to regulate the size and character of buildings and related plants, street furniture, and other design elements within the Alleyway.

Physical Design and Walkability continued...

Measures can be put

in place to increase

the walkability of

Downtown Jackson.

Adding bump-outs

to crosswalks at

large arterial street

crossings will slow

traffic and offer a

safer crossing point.

Additionally, using

existing parking

spaces to extend the

public domain will

create a more com-

fortable atmosphere

for visitors.


Environmental SustainabilityEnvironmental sustainability initiatives are critical for any community intending to be viable in today’s economy. Placemaking is strongly connected to environmental concerns because of the critical role that Michigan’s waterways, parks, and green spaces play in defining our communities. Whether through access to healthy local food, recreational trails, streets that prioritize walking and biking, or clean air and water, the environment is a vital part of healthy vibrant communities.

As Jackson County’s county seat, the City of Jackson has the opportunity to leverage sustainability initiatives as a way to connect different constituencies through a common goal of improving the environment and preserving the region’s natural resources. The City and County can lead the sustainability initiative through partnerships with local active organizations such as the DahlemConservancy and the state-wide Michigan Green Communities program.

The Grand River passes through downtown Jackson, forming the northern edge of the Farmers’ Market, but is virtually invisible. While the surrounding area features high-quality trails following much of the river’s course, the

downtown area lacks access or connection to the water, except for the section passing the Consumers Power offices.

Jackson’s 2010 master plan acknowledges environmental issues through conservation of its natural assets. The plan emphasizes strengthening its parks and trail networks that have since been established. Additionally, the plan directs the City to improve views to the Grand River through the establishment of a 150-foot riparian buffer. Jackson’s natural assets are not exclusive to the City; the park system and river extends throughout the county. This supports the opportunity the City has to join the County with a unified sustainability vision.

The scale of the Alley has the potential for green trellis (seen above) that can help improve air quality, absorb rainwater, and provide shade for users

of the corridor.


Recommendations

• Participate in the Michigan Green Communities network.

• Continue to build up and establish trail connections to Jackson’s parks.

• Explore green infrastructure design elements.

• Consider the use of permeable building material to allow efficient management of stormwater.

• Place recycling bins at convenient locations along the alley.


• Register for the Green Communities challenge at http://www.mml.org/green/mgc.php to earn recognition for sustainability measures.

• Consider a long-range goal of a continuous pathway along the river.

• Identify opportunities for redevelopment along the river that would take advantage of river views and a future trail; pursue partnerships and easements for trail construction and maintenance.

Environmental Sustainability continued...

The Grand River offers a great opportunity for the Jackson community to embrace sustainable infrastructure along the Alley that will enhance the

river environmentally and aesthetically.


Cultural Economic DevelopmentArts and culture are essential components of a thriving, knowledge-based economy. A healthy creative sector attracts and retains residents and businesses, and produces eco-nomic benefits including jobs, a stronger tax base, downtown and neighborhood revital-ization, and tourism.

The arts culture is woven within the Jackson community. Jackson’s public art heightens the community’s senses to creativity. Furthermore, the city has made a long-term invest-ment in its arts community with the Armory Arts project.

The Arts and Cultural Alliance of Jackson County (ACAJC) places public art throughout the city. The Armory Arts Village serves as the artist community anchor as a mixed use, creatively focused, mixed-use neighborhood. The affordable live-work space is designed to meet both the living and workspace needs of emerging artists and creative people. Furthermore, it demonstrates to the community that the Jackson area welcomes creativity and celebrates and supports their local talent.

The Ella Sharp Museum plays a significant role in Jackson’s community culture. Jackson regards Ella Sharp’s estate as a historic landmark for the community to enjoy. The Museum, her estate, Hillside Farm, and her home, the Merriman-Sharp Farmhouse, serve the community as a park and cultural resource. The Ella Sharp Museum hosts a variety of events that offer a broad range of programming such as Educational and entertainment events including lectures, school outreach, field trips, tours, gallery walks, free community events, and the annual Art & Wine Festival.

Events and programming in Jackson are diverse, ranging from music, food and cars. In addition to the many outdoor venues Jackson offers for programming, the City’s master plan recognizes the amount of activity and encourages events to locate along Michigan Avenue in Downtown Jackson. This forward thinking approach connects pro-gramming like the Grand River Farmers Market to more permanent attractions in the city.

New site amenities and public utilities will encourage interaction

among a greater number of users. The type of business that locate

off of the Alley will also dictate the culture of the environment.

The culture of this site is based on its setting which opens the

opportunity for outdoor café style seating with natural views in

an urban setting.


Recommendations

• Use alley and wayfinding signs as opportunities for public art.

• Integrate Jackson arts and culture into the alley.

• Designate space for live performances and artistic display within the Alleyway.


• Integrate visual branding components with neighborhood, trail, and event-related social media.

• Use trail and wayfinding signs themselves as opportunities for public art, through partnerships with neighborhood artists or community design competitions.

• Coordinate local art societies to organize events centered around Jackson’s arts and culture in the Alley.

Cultural Economic Development continued...


EntrepreneurshipGrowing jobs by ones and twos is key to creating strong local economies in the 21st century. Local communities are fueled by small start-ups and growth on main street and economic gardening strategies aimed at developing the talent and potential that already exists right at home. Also central to success are social entrepreneurs, who act as change agents within a community, seizing opportunities others miss to create social value rather than profits. This type of entrepreneurial activity resonates especially with students and Millennial looking to apply their optimism, energy, passion and skills for a positive, tangible impact.

Jackson has experienced business leaders operating at all scales—from Consumers Energy and Allegiance Health to many dedicated small business owners downtown. This local culture is expressed through several business development organizations, including the Enterprise Group of Jackson, the Downtown Development Authority, and the Midtown Merchants Association. Jackson was further selected to participate in the Michigan Economic Develop-ment Corporation’s (MEDC) Redevelopment Ready Commu-nities program.

As the alley connects key assets in the heart of Jackson’s downtown, development of new businesses and expansion

of existing businesses along its path will be key to defin-ing it as a ‘place’ in and of itself, rather than merely a new way to get from point A to point B. While existing and new traditional small businesses operating out of storefronts will activate the alley and the area surrounding it as a vi-brant public space, allowing ease of entry for nontraditional small businesses—such as food carts and street perform-ers—is equally important as these models are community-focused and require little start-up capital.

Traditional alleyways can be cramped and uncomfortable to the user. Expanding certain areas can change an alley into an urban public space. This

simple technique will attract users to local businesses and increase public activity.


Recommendations

• Focus development/redevelopment efforts along the Alley on creating space for new and expanding businesses.

• Leverage nontraditional businesses— such as food carts and street performers—to activate the alley and farmers’ market area.

• Take advantage of the new Crowdfunding law (the Michigan Invests Locally Exemption, P.A. 264 of 2013) to attract and support entrepreneurs and local businesses to the Alley as well as to the larger downtown area.

• Establish business incubator(s)


• Allow further expansion of outdoor seating in Alley for new/existing restaurants (as has been done in the case of 140 Michigan Ave.)

• Consider requiring storefronts opening directly onto Alley for any new retail development.

• Review existing ordinance language for any changes necessary to enable temporary businesses or use of the public right-of-way, and to ensure compatibility with surrounding permanent businesses.

• Consult http://www.crowdfundingmi.com, for information on utilizing “investment crowdfunding” as a unique and transformative tool for small business.”

Entrepreneurship continued...

Foot traffic is essential to commercial success. Allowing businesses to have entrances in the Alleyway will encourage people to shop at small busi-

nesses in Downtown Jackson rather than rely on malls and shopping centers for goods and services.


MulticulturalismSuccessful 21st century communities are inclusive and welcoming to all, embracing diver-sity and multiculturalism as a competitive advantage. These types of communities are most attractive to new businesses, and today’s fluid, mobile, and global workforce seeks out plac-es that embrace people of all ages, religions, ethnicities, national origins, and races.

The City of Jackson has a long-standing dedication to being a diverse and welcoming community: the City established a Human Relations Commission (HRC) in 1963 to promote mutual respect and discourage discrimination across lines of race, religion or nationality. The HRC meets monthly, publishes a periodic newsletter, and hosts events such as an annual community picnic.

Jackson’s cultural events showcase a strong oral history tradition in the community. The annual StoryFest and HRC’s Teressa Delph Oratorial Contest have each run for over 20 years, teaching children and youth the joy and the power of the spoken word, while the Blues Festival and FolkGalore feature traditional storytelling musical styles. Jackson has two sister cities, Carrickfergus, Northern Ireland, and Varel, Germany. The latter city has hosted Jackson high school students through the German American Partnership Exchange.

The updated Alleyway will include new lighting techniques that

increase the comfort of the user by increasing the perceived safety of

the environment. This will help introduce a better nightlife presence in

Downtown Jackson.

In many scenarios, outdoor seating within a cultural atmosphere is an effective way to achieve entrepreneurial success in a downtown setting.


Recommendations

• Expand on the community’s cultural traditions in public art installations.

• Strengthen cultural exchange programs.

• Add farmers’ market and alley programming around community diversity.

• Use signage to point out and give prominence to certain historical or cultural elements in Jackson.

• Involve art and cultural groups in developing exhibits and displays along the Alleyway.


• Consider planters and other features in the alley, and throughout downtown, as canvasses for art.

• Host a youth contest for short poetry to incorporate into public art.

• Explore building on previous exchange programs to include an art component which can be facilitated by Jackson’s active arts community.

• Develop a food cart program to provide a diverse range of ethnic foods

• Integrate a local history component that focuses on the Jackson area’s role in the Underground Railroad

• Create flyer to encourage local art institutions to provide input as to what multiculturalism means to Jackson.

Multiculturalism continued...


Transportation OptionsThriving regions offer a range of transit options, from walking and biking, to buses and oth-er modes of transit. Developing effective transportation options is a necessity for all com-munities interested in attracting and retaining residents, workers, and businesses. Research shows that people across the nation are choosing communities that offer various modes of transportation, with easy access to the places they live, work, and play. Multimodal transit can be as complex as rail systems and as simple as trails and bike paths.

As noted previously, the downtown Jackson area is rela-tively walkable; it also offers good local transit access to much of the city via the downtown JATA transit center. In addition, a network of on-road bike lanes connects down-town to nearby neighborhoods, and to the Inter-City and Falling Waters regional trails.

Despite these options, and the fact that nearly 4,000 people employed in the downtown area commute from less than 10 miles away, Jackson sees only 9% of its population commute by walking, biking, mass transit, or “other” non-automobile methods. A few dozen downtown area resi-

dents commute to jobs at Allegiance Health or the Com-monwealth Commerce Center; while Consumers Energy sees employees come from neighborhoods around the city, relatively few live in the immediate downtown area.

By contrast, nearly 40% of the 1,000 residents who live within ¼ mile of the downtown commute more than 50 miles to work, primarily east to the Ann Arbor and metro Detroit areas. These residents have few options available for travel; while the Amtrak station adjacent to downtown connects Jackson to those areas, the current train sched-ule does not support typical commuting hours.

The Jackson Alley Project is going to embody the meaning of Placemaking; a place to live, work, and play. With a growing urban environment,

non-motorized transportation in the downtown district will increase. Amenities like benches, bike racks, and shaded space will become increasingly

important to create a comfortable and usable environment.

All commute data 2011, from Census Bureau’s 2011 Longitudinal Employer/Household Dynamics (LEHD) dataset


Recommendations

• Offer downtown area employees support for non-driving commutes, such as parking cash-out options or reduced fare JATA passes.

• Consider employee incentives to live in the downtown Jackson area, to support a vibrant mix of uses and continued reinvestment with built in-customers.

• Monitor opportunities for creating additional choices for residents who commute to the Ann Arbor and Detroit areas.


• Create transit incentives for downtown employees to free up parking, similar to, with ongoing funding from DDA TIF or parking system revenues.the go!passprogram in downtown Ann Arbor. CMAQ grant funding may cover a pilot phase, as a transportation demand management project

• Discuss Live Midtown case study (in appendix) and Live Ypsi program (http://www.emich.edu/ liveypsi/) with downtown's major employers

• Coordinate with MDOT Rail Division and neighboring cities on options to extend A2-Detroit commuter rail or add commuter choices to Amtrak schedule

Transportation Options continued...

With an increasing amount of people using mass transit in Jackson, foot traffic downtown will also increase, this will allow businesses to capitalize

on plenty of opportunities.


Messaging and TechnologyPeople communicate, connect, and engage differently today than they did ten years ago, or five years ago, or last year, or even last month! Rapidly evolving Internet and communica-tion technologies are allowing people to share information in the virtual world in unprec-edented ways. Communities that use cutting-edge strategies in their approach to branding, engagement, and communication with new demographics, businesses, cultural institutions, and philanthropic communities are ahead of the game.

Local institutions have a strong social media presence. Nearly all major community institutions and groups have a presence on social media: the official city account, Ella Sharp museum and Jackson District Library each have several hundred Twitter followers. A similar presence and enthusiasm for social media exists on Facebook: the Downtown Development Authority’s page has nearly 3,000 “likes,” the Jackson Police Department has over 2,700, the Ella Sharp museum has over 2,500, and the official City page has over 1,500. The City website has a contemporary

design and is easy to navigate. Many area businesses of-fer free Wi-Fi access. Connect Michigan gives Jackson a score of 100 for Broadband Internet access, with multiple sources of coverage available throughout the city. The Jackson Citizen Patriot’s website is part of the MLiveMedia Group family, providing one of the most advanced online news platforms in the United States.

Downtown Jackson Photo Source: Michigan Municipal League


Recommendations

• Move a wider variety of city services online.

• Downtown business associations advertise the Alley through existing social media platforms.

• Facilitate publicly accessible Internet access in the Alley area to drive traffic.


• Facilitate filing such things as building and occupancy permits directly online (currently all paper forms are available online). Function- ality to pay city income and property taxes online is another valuable service.

• Coordinate promotions and programming related to the Alley with existing social media efforts.

• Provide infrastructure for free WiFi access in the alley area to encourage usage as a public space

Messaging and Technology continued...


EducationEducation is key in competing in a global, 21st century economy, and centers of education are vital anchor institutions within communities. From K-12 schools to community colleg-es, and technical schools to state universities, educational institutions bring innumerable benefits to a community. They are the hub not only for learning, but also sports, entertain-ment, arts and culture, healthcare, and recreation, which serve as engines of economic de-velopment. Vibrant communities successfully collaborate with a full range of educational institutions to develop intellectual, human, and physical capital. Collaboration can be as simple as sharing physical facilities such as ballparks and swimming pools, or as complex as formal town-gown strategic plans.

Jackson Public Schools serves over 6,000 primary and secondary education students between 11 schools. In addi-tion to 6 traditional elementary schools, Sharp Park Acad-emy focuses curriculum on fine arts and technology, and the McCulloch Academy of Technology & Science—located on the periphery of downtown—is a magnet school which integrates technology into the curriculum. Jackson High School is located on the periphery of the downtown area as well, as is the alternative high school T.A. Wilson Academy. Several private schools also provide primary and secondary education, including Saint Mary Star of the Sea, a Catholic elementary school located downtown.

The Jackson County Intermediate School District provides career, technical and special education services, as well as professional development programs for educators. Jack-son College, located south of the city, offers Associate’s degrees and professional/continuing education programs in addition to a four-year Bachelor of Science degree in En-ergy Systems Management. Baker College, located north-west of the city, offers Associate’s and Bachelor’s degrees in fields related to business, applied science, technology and education, in addition to continuing and professional education programs. Spring Arbor University, whose main campus is situated 15 minutes west of Jackson in its name-sake township, is a private faith-based liberal arts college serving over 4,000 students.

Approximately 1,700 students attend Jackson High School in the heart

of Downtown Jackson.


Recommendations

• Enhance connections between the Alley and nearby school facilities.

• Partner with local educational institutions to establish programming along the Alley.

• Coordinate university housing initiatives with the Alley route; Explore the potential of area higher education institutions to offer courses downtown.


• Focus mobility-related improvements to those neighborhoods with nearby schools to encourage use of the Alley as a safe and feasible route to school.

• Leverage the Transportation Alternatives and Safe Routes to School programs to fund infrastructure improvements for biking and walking

• Showcase student projects, provide informational displays about area schools, and consider allowing school benefit fundraisers/sales to take place.

• New housing for university students, either provided by the institution itself or in partnership through the private market should explore locating along or near the Alley route to leverage demand for downtown living among younger households.

• Explore the potential for creating classroom space in available downtown buildings in conjunction with a housing initiative.

Education continued...


Appendix


Add

ition

al Im

ages

The

follo

win

g ar

e ad

ditio

nal i

mag

es th

at w

ere

not i

nclu

ded

in th

e bo

dy o

f the

repo

rt a

nd fu

rthe

r illu

stra

te th

e de

sign

conc

epts

.

The

Farm

er’s

Mar

ket i

s the

per

fect

term

inus

for t

he A

lley

The

conn

ectio

n to

the

wat

erfr

ont i

s a k

ey a

ttra

ctio

n fo

r thi

s por

tion

of th

e Al

ley

A sm

ooth

tran

sitio

n fr

om th

e M

arke

t to

the

Alle

y w

ill p

ersu

ade

visit

ors t

o ex

plor

e m

ore

of D

ownt

own

Jack

son

Park

ing

for t

he F

arm

ers M

arke

t is

just

as c

ritic

al fo

r the

suc

cess

of

the

Alle

y


A m

ain

com

pone

nt o

f the

alle

y w

as a

mod

ern

take

of “

Jack

son-

esqu

e” ir

on

wor

ks a

s pub

lic a

rtA

view

of t

he a

lley

from

the

nort

h te

rmin

us a

s is c

ontin

ues

thro

ugh

Dow

ntow

n Ja

ckso

n

The

alle

y w

ill u

se so

me

inno

vativ

e w

ays t

o ad

d gr

eene

ry to

the

urba

n en

viro

nmen

tTh

e tr

ellis

’ will

wor

k as

a n

atur

al c

eilin

g, in

crea

sing

the

com

fort

of t

he

spac

e in

the

narr

ow a

lley

amon

g th

e ta

ll bu

ildin

gs


The

addi

tion

of p

ublic

am

eniti

es w

ill h

elp

user

s ide

ntify

the

alle

y as

a

pede

stria

n sp

ace

Bum

p-ou

ts a

t int

erse

ctio

ns in

corp

erat

eve

geta

ted

barr

iers

to in

crea

se p

edes

tria

n sa

fety

Pede

stria

n cr

ossin

gs a

re a

djus

ted

to th

e pr

oper

gra

de fo

r gre

ater

ac

cess

ibili

ty fo

r all

user

s

Thes

e iro

n ga

tes

help

dist

ingu

ish p

ublic

spa

ce fr

om p

arki

ng s

pace


The

city

has

the

oppo

rtun

ity to

pla

ce te

mpo

rary

use

s out

side

the

nor

mal

pe

dest

rian

right

of w

ay to

ext

end

the

publ

ic s

pace

The

reno

vatio

n of

the

alle

y sp

ace

will

enc

oura

ge fu

ture

dev

elop

men

t w

ith m

ore

busin

ess,

ent

erta

inm

ent,

eatin

g, a

nd s

hopp

ing

oppo

rtun

ities

New

dev

elop

men

t allo

ws f

or n

ew, i

nnov

ativ

e en

trep

rene

uria

l op

port

uniti

esN

ew v

iew

s can

ope

n up

ove

r Dow

ntow

n Ja

ckso

n


Vege

tatio

n is

adde

d al

ong

the

alle

y to

incr

ease

bea

utifi

catio

n an

d pr

ovid

e a

mor

e co

mfo

rtab

le p

ublic

spa

ceW

hen

ther

e is

an o

ppor

tuni

ty, t

he a

lley

is w

iden

ed to

ope

n up

mor

e sp

ace

for c

ivic

use

At c

erta

in p

oint

s, b

usin

esse

s hav

e th

e op

port

unity

to e

xten

d be

yond

th

eir w

alls,

usin

g a

larg

er s

pace

for o

utdo

or e

atin

g in

the

war

mer

mon

ths

A vi

ew o

f the

Jack

son

alle

y co

rrid

or


A vi

ew o

f the

Sou

th te

rmin

us o

f the

Jack

son

Alle

yway

The

pede

stria

n sp

ace

is se

para

ted

from

par

king

by

a ve

geta

ted

buffe

r

A vi

ew lo

okin

g no

rth

from

the

sout

hern

end

of t

he A

lley


Busin

esse

s will

pro

sper

from

the

new

ped

estr

ian

cultu

rePe

dest

rians

usin

g th

e al

ley

spac

e ar

e se

para

ted

by th

e ba

rrie

rs to

ens

ure

publ

ic s

afet

y

Pede

stria

n sp

ace

has a

veg

etat

ed c

eilin

g th

at w

ill h

elp

shad

e th

e pu

blic

en

viro

nmen

t, cr

eatin

g a

mor

e co

mfo

rtab

le c

limat

e


Publ

ic a

men

ities

are

also

acc

ompa

nied

by

nativ

e ve

geta

tion

Diffe

rent

art

istic

exp

ress

ion

can

be fo

und

alon

g th

e en

tire

alle

y,

incl

udin

g m

ural

s, s

culp

ture

, and

oth

er c

reat

ive

piec

es

The

wro

ught

iron

is a

hist

oric

type

of a

rtist

ic e

xpre

ssio

n th

at is

foun

d al

ong

the

alle

yTh

e bu

sines

ses w

ill h

ave

a gr

eate

r opp

ortu

nity

to e

ngag

e w

ith fo

ot tr

affic

as

they

take

the

oppo

rtun

ity to

ope

n up

to th

e Al

leyw

ay


Evol

utio

n of

the

Jack

son

Alle

y

A vi

ew o

f the

Jack

son

Alle

yCh

arre

tte

desig

n id

eas e

volv

e I

Char

rett

ede

sign

idea

s evo

lve

IIICh

arre

tte

desig

n id

eas e

volv

e II


Char

rett

ede

sign

idea

s evo

lve

IVCh

arre

tte

desig

n id

eas e

volv

e V

“Jac

kson

-esq

ue”

Desig

n Ch

arac

ter


Like

d

Like

the

over

head

ligh

ting

in th

e al

ley

in A

(8)

Co

ntin

uity

of C

once

pt/C

onne

ctio

ns (7

)

Iden

tity

(4)

In

tera

ctiv

ity (4

)

All l

ight

ing

idea

s are

goo

d (4

)

Dyna

mic

ene

rgy

(4)

Tr

ansf

orm

atio

nal s

pace

s-th

ings

hav

e th

e ab

ility

to c

hang

e bo

th fu

nctio

n an

d lo

ok –

eg. A

rt sp

aces

an

d pa

tio sp

aces

(3)

Fl

exib

le, d

ynam

ic, i

nter

activ

e ar

t (3)

Bu

sines

ses o

peni

ng o

nto

the

alle

y/ou

tdoo

r eat

ing

spac

es/c

over

ed s

tore

fron

ts (3

)

Roof

top

seat

ing

(3)

En

ergy

them

e (3

)

Like

d “P

lugg

ed In

” co

ncep

t A b

ette

r (2)

M

ixed

use

bui

ldin

g (2

)

Ove

rhea

d cl

osur

e of

spac

e (2

)

Like

the

idea

s for

the

nam

es a

nd th

e co

nsum

ers e

nerg

y re

fere

nces

(2)

Gr

eene

ry (2

)

The

airin

ess o

f B (2

)

Like

Con

cept

B b

ette

r,

The

mur

als o

n th

e bu

ildin

g

Like

that

B c

onne

cts t

o th

e Gr

and

river

Th

e fa

ct th

at th

ere

is m

ore

plan

t mat

eria

l in

B

Like

the

wire

idea

Li

ke th

e ro

und

seat

ing

pods

in so

uth

end

of B

are

a

love

the

sign

at th

e So

uth

Entr

ance

in c

once

pt A

Li

ke th

e sig

nage

at t

he so

uth

end

of th

e al

ley

Th

e id

ea o

f lig

htin

g as

art

Th

emes

for b

lock

s

Park

ing/

Recr

eatio

n fle

xibi

lity

Bo

th h

ave

stro

ng fe

atur

es, I

like

them

bot

h a

lot

Li

ke th

e pr

ide

in h

erita

ge

Th

e ar

bors

at e

ach

exit

Co

ndui

t con

cept

visu

ally

giv

es tr

ibut

e to

pris

on h

istor

y of

Jack

son

Si

ttin

g ar

eas

O

utdo

or p

erfo

rman

ce a

rea

Ci

ty re

siden

ts in

tere

st in

pro

posa

l

Artis

tical

ly d

esig

ned

tras

hcan

s and

recy

clin

g ca

ns

Conc

erns

N

orth

end

of C

once

pt A

, the

feat

ures

rem

ind

me

too

muc

h of

wal

king

und

er th

e Co

rksc

rew

at C

edar

Poin

t/fe

els l

ike

them

e pa

rk (3

)

Nee

ds m

ore

gree

nery

(3)

M

aint

enan

ce a

nd u

pkee

p of

wha

teve

r str

uctu

res g

o in

–w

ho’s

in ch

arge

of i

t all?

(3)

N

eeds

bik

e ra

cks (

2)

Exce

ssiv

e/im

posin

g el

emen

ts in

A (2

)

Don’

t red

uce

park

ing

(2)

N

eeds

hist

oric

al m

arke

rs/s

igna

ge (2

)

Nee

d m

ore

signa

ge a

nd w

ayfin

ding

, i.e

, int

erse

ctio

n sig

ns a

t eac

h st

reet

, arr

ows p

oint

ing

to d

iffer

ent

feat

ures

(2)

M

ore

shel

ter i

nste

ad o

f rol

ler c

oast

er d

esig

n

Nam

e fo

r con

cept

A is

too

wor

dy

Wou

ld li

ke a

cha

ndel

ier e

ffect

bet

ter f

or th

e ov

erhe

ad li

ghtin

g, w

ould

be

mor

e or

gani

zed

Do

n’t l

ike

the

pipe

thin

gs e

ither

Ex

cess

ive

use

of co

lor i

n A

Sc

ale

is ou

t of p

ropo

rtio

n in

A, b

ut w

ill p

roba

bly

be re

ctifi

ed th

roug

h th

e bu

dget

real

ity

Conc

ept A

will

go

out o

f sty

le fa

st a

nd b

ecom

e ou

tdat

ed

Not

sure

abo

ut lo

sing

any

park

ing

spac

es in

Lot B

Do

not

like

the

spira

l wire

s goi

ng fr

om p

lace

to p

lace

N

eeds

an

arca

de

Arch

es a

nd o

verh

ead

stru

ctur

es

Didn

’t us

e Su

mm

er N

ight

Tre

e

Poor

acc

ess t

o pa

rkin

g/bu

s/bi

ke

Shou

ld th

e al

ley

even

be

the

cent

erpi

ece

of d

ownt

own?

N

eeds

to b

e a

bala

nce

betw

een

bein

g to

o pr

ogre

ssiv

e an

d ab

stra

ct a

nd so

met

hing

that

the

com

mun

ity

embr

aces

W

hat i

f tra

nsit

cent

er m

oves

?

Seat

ing

of v

agra

nts a

n iss

ue

Wan

t cha

ngea

ble

light

ing

Li

ghtin

g sh

ould

use

rene

wab

le e

nerg

y

Don’

t foc

us o

n hi

stor

y-sh

ould

be

mod

ern,

fun,

and

invi

ting

Co

ncep

ts n

early

iden

tical

Yo

ur “

rend

erin

gs”

are

detr

actin

g fr

om y

our p

roje

ct.

Co

ncep

ts d

o no

t dea

l with

and

in fa

ct a

ccen

tuat

e th

e la

ck o

f a b

uilt

envi

ronm

ent

N

o se

nse

of “

alle

y” e

xcep

t bet

wee

n Pe

arl &

Mic

higa

n

Mor

e lig

ht

Sepa

rate

the

alle

y fr

om a

djoi

ning

par

king

lots

so it

isn’

t see

n as

a d

rivew

ay

Miss

ing

wat

er fe

atur

es

Why

wou

ld y

ou b

uild

a n

ew b

uild

ing

as a

par

t of t

his?

The

re is

eno

ugh

empt

y sp

ace

wai

ting

to b

e fil

led

Part

icip

ant c

omm

ents

abo

ut sp

ecifi

c des

ign

imag

es a

nd c

once

pts p

rese

nted

at t

he m

ulti-

day

desig

n ch

arre

tte

on M

arch

6th

and

7th,

201

4 at

the

Gran

d Ri

ver M

arke

tpla

ce.

Desig

n C

harre

tte C

once

pt F

eedb

ack


—Fa

ke b

rick/

stam

ped

conc

rete

—Ye

s! It

’s in

vitin

g.—

Fake

bric

k/st

ampe

d co

ncre

te—

No!

—Pr

eser

ve/r

esto

re b

uild

ing

faca

des

—O

utdo

or se

atin

g—Ho

w to

sequ

ence

? Th

e ex

istin

g on

Mic

higa

n Av

e. is

not

wor

king

Wha

t do

you

like

and

wan

t to

pres

erve

?:

The

inte

rvie

w su

mm

ary

prov

ides

an

outli

ne o

f fee

dbac

k fr

om co

mm

unity

stak

ehol

ders

in re

gard

to th

e Pl

aceP

lan

for t

he D

ownt

own

Jack

son

Alle

yway

. The

key

op

port

uniti

es, u

nive

rsal

conc

erns

, and

wha

t sta

keho

lder

s wou

ld li

ke to

see

are

all p

rese

nted

on

this

page

.

Stak

ehol

der I

nter

view

Sum

mar

y

How

cou

ld th

e al

ley

beco

me

a be

tter

con

nect

ion?

—St

reet

furn

iture

—ta

bles

and

cha

irs, c

afe-

styl

e, h

angi

ng

bask

ets,

pla

ntin

gs.

—Sc

ulpt

ures

, mur

als,

ART

. Ric

hmon

d, IN

mur

al ca

se st

udy:

co

mpe

titio

n, a

ll pa

inte

d in

one

mon

th, g

ot e

very

one

inte

rest

ed.

—LI

GHTI

NG—

Gree

n en

ergy

, sol

ar p

ower

, cla

ssic

ally

sty

led,

fu

turis

tic, g

as li

ghts

, ove

rhea

d ‘n

et’ o

f lig

hts f

or e

nclo

sure

.—

Sign

age

—Re

tail

fron

ting

the

alle

y, n

ot ju

st 9

-to-5

use

s—

Nee

ds a

sens

e of

enc

losu

re—

Tras

h co

llect

ion,

nee

ds m

ovem

ent/

cons

olid

atio

n of

Du

mps

ters

/tra

sh ca

ns—

Conn

ectiv

ity to

wal

king

pat

hs, t

rans

it (th

e ex

istin

g tr

ansit

st

atio

n is

a no

-go)

—M

aint

enan

ce p

lan

with

regu

lar t

rash

colle

ctio

n, p

low

ing

—Bu

sker

s, st

reet

per

form

ers

—Re

mov

able

/ret

ract

able

bol

lard

s at s

tree

t cro

ssin

gs

Futu

re Id

entit

y of

the

alle

y? C

ase

Stud

ies?

—N

o id

entit

y cu

rren

tly, n

o on

e re

ally

kno

ws i

t’s th

ere,

AN

YTHI

NG

is be

tter

than

not

hing

.—

Brew

er’s

Alle

y—

Art g

alle

ry—

Big

pian

o/xy

loph

one

you

can

jum

p/pl

ay o

n—

Loca

l hist

ory

Case

Stu

dies

:—

Rich

mon

d, IN

—W

alnu

t Cre

ek, C

A—

Sant

a Ba

rbar

a, C

A—

Fort

Col

lins,

CO

Alle

yway

Pla

n—

Seat

tle, I

nteg

rate

d Al

ley

Hand

book

—De

nver

, CO

dow

ntow

n al

leyw

ays

—Gr

een

Bay

river

wal

k—

Peto

skey

Tra

il—

Gran

d Ha

ven

5.O

ther

info

rmat

ion/

conc

erns

?

—Q

R Co

des,

show

pas

t/pr

esen

t pic

ture

s—

Be a

ble

to e

asily

repl

icat

e w

hat w

e de

sign

to o

ther

city

alle

ys—

Dead

pig

eons

from

coun

ty b

uild

ing

—Dr

. Don

’s—

It is

an is

sue.

How

to e

ngag

e/no

t eng

age?


Physical Design & Walkability

A.1

Revi

ew o

ff-st

reet

par

king

util

izatio

n; c

onsid

er re

duci

ng o

ff-st

reet

par

king

requ

irem

ents

for d

evel

opm

ent

A.2

Use

Tar

get M

arke

t Ana

lysis

por

tion

of c

urre

nt m

aste

r pla

nnin

g pr

oces

s to

iden

tify

deve

lopm

ent

oppo

rtun

ities

and

upc

omin

g Re

deve

lopm

ent R

eady

Com

mun

ities

pro

cess

to id

entif

y ap

prop

riate

ince

ntiv

es.

A.3

Revi

ewco

mpl

ete

stre

ets r

esol

utio

n; c

onsid

er p

ossib

ility

of s

tree

t tre

es, b

ushe

s, a

nd o

ther

pla

nts a

nd

vege

tatio

n al

ong

the

alle

y.

A.4

Ensu

re th

e ph

ysic

al u

pkee

p of

the

alle

y in

volv

es s

ched

uled

sno

w, l

eaf,

and

tras

h re

mov

al y

ear-

roun

d.

A.5

Use

form

-bas

ed c

ode

to re

gula

te th

e siz

e an

d ch

arac

ter o

f bui

ldin

gs a

nd re

late

d pl

ants

, str

eet f

urni

ture

, an

d ot

her d

esig

n el

emen

ts w

ithin

the

Alle

yway

.

Environment Sustainability

B.1

Regi

ster

for t

he G

reen

Com

mun

ities

cha

lleng

e at

htt

p://

ww

w.m

ml.o

rg/g

reen

/mgc

.php

to e

arn

reco

gniti

on

for s

usta

inab

ility

mea

sure

s.

B.2

Cons

ider

a lo

ng-r

ange

goa

l of a

con

tinuo

us p

athw

ay a

long

the

river

.

B.3

Iden

tify

oppo

rtun

ities

for r

edev

elop

men

t alo

ng th

e riv

er th

at w

ould

take

adv

anta

ge o

f riv

er v

iew

s and

a

futu

re tr

ail;

purs

ue p

artn

ersh

ips

and

ease

men

ts fo

r tra

il co

nstr

uctio

n an

d m

aint

enan

ce.

√

Asse

tCa

tego

ryIm

plem

enta

tion

Stra

tegi

esSh

ort-

term

Long

-ter

mTi

me

Fram

e √√

√

√ √

√

Con

nect

ions

to P

lace

mak

ing

The

follo

win

g ta

bles

illu

stra

te th

e re

lativ

e tim

e fr

ame

and

type

of p

lace

mak

ing

activ

ity fo

r eac

h im

plem

enta

tion

stra

tegy

out

lined

in th

e re

port

.

√ √ √ √ √ √ √

4

Tact

ica

l C

rea

tive

Stra

tegi

c S

tand

ard

Tact

ica

l C

rea

tive

Stra

tegi

c S

tand

ard


CulturalEconomic

DevelopmentC.

1In

tegr

ate

visu

al b

rand

ing

com

pone

nts w

ith n

eigh

borh

ood,

trai

l, an

d ev

ent-

rela

ted

soci

al m

edia

.

C.2

Use

trai

l and

way

findi

ngsig

ns a

s opp

ortu

nitie

s fo

r pub

lic a

rt, t

hrou

gh p

artn

ersh

ips

with

nei

ghbo

rhoo

d ar

tists

or c

omm

unity

des

ign

com

petit

ions

.

C.3

Coor

dina

te lo

cal a

rt so

ciet

ies

to o

rgan

izeev

ents

cen

tere

d ar

ound

Jack

son’

s art

s and

cul

ture

in th

e Al

ley.

Entrepreneurship

D.1

Allo

w fu

rthe

r exp

ansio

n of

out

door

seat

ing

in A

lley

for n

ew/e

xist

ing

rest

aura

nts (

as h

as b

een

done

in th

e ca

se o

f 140

Mic

higa

n Av

e.)

D.2

Cons

ider

requ

iring

sto

refr

onts

ope

ning

dire

ctly

ont

o Al

ley

for a

ny n

ew re

tail

deve

lopm

ent.

D.3

Revi

ew e

xist

ing

ordi

nanc

e la

ngua

ge fo

r any

cha

nges

nec

essa

ry to

ena

bled

tem

pora

ry b

usin

esse

s or

use

of

the

publ

ic ri

ght-

of-w

ay a

nd to

ens

ure

com

patib

ility

with

surr

ound

ing

perm

anen

t bus

ines

ses.

D.4

Cons

ult w

ww

.cro

wdf

undi

ngm

i.com

, for

info

rmat

ion

on u

tilizi

ng “

inve

stm

ent c

row

dfun

ding

” as

a u

niqu

e an

d tr

ansf

orm

ativ

e to

ol fo

r sm

all b

usin

ess.

Multiculturalism

E.1

Cons

ider

pla

nter

s an

d ot

her f

eatu

res i

n th

e al

ley,

and

thro

ugho

ut d

ownt

own,

as c

anva

sses

for a

rt.

E.2

Host

a y

outh

con

test

for s

hort

poe

try

to in

corp

orat

e in

to p

ublic

art

.

E.3

Expl

ore

build

ing

on p

revi

ous

exch

ange

pro

gram

s to

incl

ude

an a

rt c

ompo

nent

whi

ch c

an b

e fa

cilit

ated

by

Jack

son’

s act

ive

arts

com

mun

ity.

E.4

Inte

grat

e a

loca

l hist

ory

com

pone

nt t

hat f

ocus

es o

n th

e Ja

ckso

n ar

ea’s

role

in th

e U

nder

grou

nd

Railr

oad

E.5

Crea

te fl

yert

o en

cour

age

loca

l art

inst

itutio

ns to

pro

vide

inpu

t as t

o w

hat m

ultic

ultu

ralis

m

mea

ns to

Jack

son.

√√

√√ √

√ √√

√ √

√√

√ √√

Asse

tCa

tego

ryIm

plem

enta

tion

Stra

tegi

esSh

ort-

term

Long

-ter

mTi

me

Fram

e √√

√

√

√ √ √ √

√

√

Tact

ica

l C

rea

tive

St

rate

gic

Sta

nda

rd

Tact

ica

l

Cre

ativ

e

Stra

tegi

c S

tand

ard

Tact

ica

l C

rea

tive

St

rate

gic

Sta

nda

rd


Messaging &

Technology

G.1

Fac

ilita

te fi

ling

such

thin

gs a

s bui

ldin

g an

d oc

cupa

ncy

perm

its d

irect

ly o

nlin

e (c

urre

ntly

all

pape

r for

ms a

re

avai

labl

e on

line)

. Fun

ctio

nalit

y to

pay

city

inco

me

and

prop

erty

taxe

s onl

ine

is an

othe

r val

uabl

e se

rvic

e.

G.2

Coor

dina

te p

rom

otio

ns a

nd p

rogr

amm

ing

rela

ted

to th

e Al

ley

with

exi

stin

g so

cial

med

ia e

ffort

s.

G.3

Prov

ide

infr

astr

uctu

re fo

r fre

e W

iFia

cces

s in

the

alle

y ar

e to

enc

oura

ge u

sage

a p

ublic

spa

ce

Transportation Options

F.1

Crea

te tr

ansit

ince

ntiv

es fo

r dow

ntow

n em

ploy

ees t

o fr

ee u

p pa

rkin

g, si

mila

r to

go!p

assp

rogr

am in

do

wnt

own

Ann

Arbo

r.CM

AQ g

rant

fund

ing

may

cove

r a p

ilot p

hase

, as a

tran

spor

tatio

n de

man

d m

anag

emen

t pr

ojec

t, w

ith o

ngoi

ng fu

ndin

g fr

om D

DA T

IF o

r par

king

syst

em re

venu

es.

F.2

Disc

uss L

ive

Mid

tow

n ca

se st

udy

(in a

ppen

dix)

and

Liv

e Yp

sipr

ogra

m (h

ttp:

//w

ww

.em

ich.

edu/

livey

psi/)

w

ith d

ownt

own’

s maj

or e

mpl

oyer

s

F.3

Coor

dina

te w

ith M

DOT

Rail

Divi

sion

and

neig

hbor

ing

citie

s on

optio

ns o

r add

com

mut

er ch

oice

s to

Amtr

ak

sche

dule

.

Education

H.1

Focu

s mob

ility

-rel

ated

impr

ovem

ents

to th

ose

neig

hbor

hood

s w

ith n

earb

y sc

hool

s to

enc

oura

ge u

se o

f the

Al

ley

as a

safe

and

feas

ible

rout

e to

scho

ol.

H.2

Leve

rage

the

Tran

spor

tatio

n Al

tern

ativ

es a

nd S

afe

Rout

es to

Sch

ool p

rogr

ams t

o fu

nd in

fras

truc

ture

im

prov

emen

ts fo

r bik

ing

and

wal

king

.

H.3

Show

case

stud

ent p

roje

cts,

pro

vide

info

rmat

iona

l disp

lays

abo

ut a

rea

scho

ols,

and

con

sider

allo

win

g sc

hool

ben

efit

fund

raise

rs/s

ales

to ta

ke p

lace

.

H.4

New

hou

sing

for u

nive

rsity

stu

dent

s, e

ither

pro

vide

d by

the

inst

itutio

n its

elf o

r in

part

ners

hip

thro

ugh

the

priv

ate

mar

ket s

houl

d ex

plor

e lo

catin

g al

ong

or n

ear t

he A

lley

rout

eto

leve

rage

dem

and

for d

ownt

own

livin

g am

ong

you

nger

hou

seho

lds.

H.5

Expl

ore

the

pote

ntia

l for

cre

atin

g cl

assr

oom

spac

e in

ava

ilabl

e do

wnt

own

build

ings

in c

onju

nctio

n w

ith a

ho

usin

g in

itiat

ive.

√ √

√√

Impl

emen

tatio

n St

rate

gies

Asse

tCa

tego

rySh

ort-

term

Long

-ter

mTi

me

Fram

e

√

√√ √

√ √

√ √

√ √ √ √ √√

Tact

ica

l C

rea

tive

St

rate

gic

Sta

nda

rd

Tact

ica

l C

rea

tive

Stra

tegi

c S

tand

ard

Tact

ica

l

Cre

ativ

e S

trate

gic

Sta

nda

rd


Cas

e St

udie

s

Mic

higa

n co

mm

uniti

es a

cros

s the

sta

te a

re im

prov

ing

wal

kabi

lity

and

desig

n, e

spec

ially

in th

eir d

ownt

own

area

s. F

arm

ingt

on h

as

spen

t the

pas

t dec

ade

crea

ting

a st

rong

er s

ense

of p

lace

in it

s dow

ntow

n an

d th

e re

sult

of th

is w

ork

has

been

pos

itive

for t

he

com

mun

ity’s

eco

nom

y. M

unic

ipal

offi

cial

s w

orke

d w

ith re

siden

ts to

tran

sfor

m a

dow

ntow

n st

rip m

all p

arki

ng lo

t int

o a

publ

ic p

ark

and

pavi

lion.

The

new

are

a no

w h

ouse

s abo

ut 6

0 ev

ents

thro

ugho

ut th

e ye

ar, i

nclu

ding

the

farm

ers m

arke

t, sw

ing

danc

ing

perf

orm

ance

s, a

nd a

win

ter f

estiv

al. W

ith m

ore

peop

le v

isitin

g do

wnt

own

Farm

ingt

on o

n a

regu

lar b

asis,

reta

il st

ores

and

rest

aura

nts

have

see

n m

ore

foot

traf

fic a

nd in

crea

sed

sale

s.1

The

park

and

pav

ilion

initi

ativ

e al

so b

uilt

mom

entu

m fo

r the

city

’s d

ownt

own

stre

etsc

ape

proj

ects

. Far

min

gton

’s d

ownt

own

was

di

vide

d by

Gra

nd R

iver

Ave

nue,

a b

usy,

mul

ti-la

ne ro

adw

ay. T

he c

ity n

arro

wed

the

road

and

impr

oved

land

scap

ing

in a

n ef

fort

to

redu

ce ro

ad c

onge

stio

n as

wel

l as i

mpr

ove

pede

stria

n sa

fety

, str

eet a

esth

etic

s, a

nd th

e bu

sines

s env

ironm

ent.

The

impr

ovem

ents

ha

ve re

sulte

d in

add

ition

al s

tree

t par

king

, inc

reas

ed fo

ot tr

affic

, and

enc

oura

ged

man

y do

wnt

own

rest

aura

nt o

wne

rs to

add

out

door

se

atin

g op

tions

.2

1 “He

art o

f Dow

ntow

n: S

undq

uist

Pav

ilion

in R

iley

Park

,” M

ichi

gan

Mun

icip

al Le

ague

: Pla

cem

akin

g, 2

014,

acc

esse

d Ju

ne 1

1, 2

014,

htt

p://

pla

cem

akin

g.m

ml.o

rg/h

eart

-of-d

ownt

own-

sund

ques

t-pa

vilio

n-in

-rile

y-pa

rk/

2 “He

art o

f Dow

ntow

n: S

undq

uist

Pav

ilion

in R

iley

Park

”3 “

Dequ

indr

e Cu

t Gre

enw

ay,”

Mic

higa

n M

unic

ipal

Leag

ue: P

lace

mak

ing,

201

3, a

cces

sed

June

11,

201

4, h

ttp:

// p

lace

mak

ing.

mm

l.org

/deq

uind

re-c

ut/

Phys

ical

Des

ign

& W

alka

bilit

y: F

arm

ingt

on’s

“Hea

rt of

Dow

ntow

n”

Conn

ectin

g na

tura

l ass

ets a

nd b

usin

ess a

ctiv

ities

is a

n im

port

ant w

ay c

ities

can

sup

port

resid

ents

’ int

eres

ts. I

n De

troi

t, th

e De

quin

dre

Cut G

reen

way

is a

form

er ra

ilway

rede

velo

ped

into

a b

ikin

g an

d w

alki

ng p

ath.

The

Cut

link

s ped

estr

ians

and

bic

yclis

ts to

the

Detr

oit

Rive

rfro

nt, E

aste

rn M

arke

t, an

d m

any

resid

entia

l com

mun

ities

. Bui

ldin

g on

exi

stin

g as

sets

, the

trai

l pro

vide

s an

uni

que

oppo

rtun

ity to

st

reng

then

soc

ial b

onds

, con

nect

nea

rby

com

mun

ities

, and

pro

mot

e he

alth

y lif

esty

les i

n do

wnt

own

Detr

oit.3

Envi

ronm

enta

l Sus

tain

abili

ty: T

he D

equi

ndre

Cut

Gre

enw

ay

The

follo

win

g ar

e ca

se st

udie

s rel

atin

g to

eac

h as

set c

ateg

ory

in th

e bo

dy o

f the

repo

rt. T

hese

cas

e st

udie

s pro

vide

an

exam

ple

of h

ow

plac

emak

ing

can

be ti

ed in

with

eac

h as

set c

ateg

ory.


1 “D

etro

it SO

UP,

” M

ichi

gan

Mun

icip

al Le

ague

, 201

4, a

cces

sed

June

11,

201

4, h

ttp:

//pl

acem

akin

g.m

ml.o

rg/d

etro

it-so

up/

2 “S

t. Jo

seph

Pub

lic A

rt,”

Mic

higa

n M

unic

ipal

Leag

ue: P

lace

mak

ing,

201

4, a

cces

sed

June

11,

201

4, h

ttp:

// p

lace

mak

ing.

mm

l.org

/st-

jose

ph-p

ublic

-art

/.

Mul

itcul

tura

lism

: Gat

herin

g ov

er S

OUP

Educ

atio

n: L

ever

agin

g Pu

blic

Art

for C

omm

unity

Bra

ndin

g

Deve

lopi

ng e

ffect

ive

com

mun

ity b

rand

ing

and

orga

nizin

g cu

ltura

l eve

nts c

an b

e an

effe

ctiv

e w

ay to

incr

ease

re

siden

t qua

lity-

of-li

fe a

nd in

crea

se to

urism

. A g

roup

of c

ity le

ader

s and

con

cern

ed re

siden

ts c

ame

up w

ith th

e St

. Jos

eph,

MI P

ublic

Art

pro

ject

to re

-ene

rgize

the

com

mun

ity. A

them

e is

sele

cted

eac

h ye

ar a

nd lo

cal a

rtist

s pa

int a

nd d

ecor

ate

uniq

ue s

culp

ture

s, w

hich

are

pla

ced

arou

nd th

e do

wnt

own.

Pas

t the

mes

incl

ude

Hors

es o

n th

e Be

ach,

Bea

ch B

ears

, Hot

Car

s, C

ool B

each

es, a

nd m

ore.

The

Pub

lic A

rt in

itiat

ive

has

help

ed in

crea

se

dow

ntow

n st

oref

ront

occ

upan

cy, t

ouris

m, d

ownt

own

foot

traf

fic, a

nd a

n ov

eral

l cha

nge

in a

ttitu

de a

mon

g lo

cal r

esid

ents

.2

Gath

erin

g ov

er S

OU

P

Host

ing

even

ts th

at b

ring

dive

rse

grou

ps o

f peo

ple

toge

ther

is o

ne w

ay to

enc

oura

ge a

wel

com

ing

com

mun

ity.

Detr

oit S

OUP

is a

loca

l cro

wdf

undi

ng p

otlu

ck w

here

att

ende

es m

ake

a do

natio

n of

$5

and

liste

n to

pitc

hes

from

peo

ple

doin

g gr

eat t

hing

s in

the

com

mun

ity. T

hrou

ghou

t the

eve

ning

, att

ende

es ta

lk, a

sk q

uest

ions

, sh

are

idea

s, a

nd s

uppo

rt e

ach

othe

r. At

the

end

of th

e ni

ght,

peop

le v

ote

for t

heir

favo

rite

pitc

h an

d th

e w

inne

r goe

s hom

e w

ith a

ll of

the

mon

ey ra

ised

at th

e do

or a

s see

d fu

ndin

g fo

r the

ir co

ncep

t.1Gi

ving

peo

ple

an

oppo

rtun

ity to

gat

her a

nd s

uppo

rt e

ach

othe

r can

hel

p br

idge

cul

tura

l div

ides

and

pro

mot

e a

mor

e w

elco

min

g co

mm

unity

.


In a

n ef

fort

to a

ttra

ct a

nd s

uppo

rt s

mal

l bus

ines

ses i

n Fe

rnda

le, M

I, co

mm

unity

lead

ers s

tart

ed a

shar

ed in

door

m

arke

t cal

led

the

Rust

Bel

t Mar

ket.

The

mar

ket i

s a re

deve

lope

d va

cant

com

mer

cial

bui

ldin

g in

dow

ntow

n Fe

rnda

le th

at is

now

hom

e to

mor

e th

an fi

fty

smal

l bus

ines

s ow

ners

. Loc

al e

ntre

pren

eurs

rent

an

area

in th

e la

rge,

reno

vate

d bu

ildin

g an

d op

erat

e th

eir r

etai

l sto

res a

long

side

othe

r sm

all b

usin

esse

s. R

ust B

elt M

arke

t also

us

es th

e bu

ildin

g’s

com

mun

al s

pace

to h

ost c

once

rts

and

com

mun

ity e

vent

s, im

prov

ing

the

city

’s so

cial

of

ferin

gs a

nd a

ctiv

ities

.1Si

mila

rly, D

etro

it’s

“pop

-up”

Rev

olve

prog

ram

sup

port

s en

trep

rene

urs

and

activ

ates

va

cant

sto

refr

onts

. Usin

g a

smal

l bud

get,

the

Detr

oit E

cono

mic

Gro

wth

Cor

pora

tion

wor

ks w

ith th

e co

mm

unity

an

d lo

cal e

ntre

pren

eurs

to re

nova

te v

acan

t sto

refr

onts

in w

alka

ble

Detr

oit c

omm

uniti

es. E

ntre

pren

eurs

are

ab

le to

tem

pora

rily

use

the

spac

e to

test

thei

r bus

ines

s and

pro

duct

s, a

nd b

uild

ded

icat

ed c

lient

ele

and

stor

efro

nts

are

reno

vate

d fo

r fut

ure

perm

anen

t bus

ines

ses.

2Ge

ttin

g cr

eativ

e w

ith n

ew b

usin

ess d

evel

opm

ent,

like

Rust

Bel

t Mar

ket a

nd R

evol

vein

itiat

ives

, can

hel

p M

ichi

gan

com

mun

ities

bec

ome

succ

essf

ul

entr

epre

neur

ship

des

tinat

ions

.

1 “R

ust B

elt M

arke

t,” M

ichi

gan

Mun

icip

al Le

ague

, 201

3, a

cces

sed

June

11,

201

4, h

ttp:

//pl

acem

akin

g.m

ml.o

rg/r

ust-

belt-

mar

ket/

2

”Rev

olve

” M

ichi

gan

Mun

icip

al Le

ague

, 201

3, a

cces

sed

June

11,

201

4, h

ttp:

//pl

acem

akin

g.m

ml.o

rg/r

evol

ve/

3 ”L

ove

Mus

kego

n,” M

ichi

gan

Mun

icip

al Le

ague

, 201

3, a

cces

sed

June

23,

201

4, h

ttp:

//pl

acem

akin

g.m

ml.o

rg/lo

ve-m

uske

gon/

Entre

pren

eurs

hip:

Pro

vidi

ng S

pace

s for

New

Bus

ines

s

Som

e M

ichi

gan

com

mun

ities

are

get

ting

crea

tive

with

mes

sagi

ng, a

nd e

ven

lett

ing

resid

ents

do

som

e of

the

wor

k. In

an

effo

rt to

pro

mot

e M

uske

gon,

a g

roup

of y

oung

pro

fess

iona

ls de

signe

d a

logo

and

slo

gan

for t

he

com

mun

ity, “

Love

Mus

kego

n,”

and

star

ted

boos

ting

the

city

’s o

nlin

e pr

esen

ce. T

he o

pen-

sour

ced

logo

was

w

idel

y di

sper

sed

thro

ugho

ut th

e co

mm

unity

, whi

ch s

park

ed e

vent

s, p

hoto

opp

ortu

nitie

s, a

nd g

ave

resid

ents

an

exc

use

to “

have

a lo

ve a

ffair”

with

thei

r city

.2

Cul

tura

l Eco

nom

ic D

evel

opm

ent:

Shar

ing

the

Love

in M

uske

gon


Detr

oit’s

Mid

tow

n ne

ighb

orho

od is

hom

e to

the

Detr

oit M

edic

al C

ente

r, He

nry

Ford

Hea

lth S

yste

m, a

nd

Way

ne S

tate

Uni

vers

ity. T

he th

ree

inst

itutio

ns h

ave

been

inve

stin

g in

the

com

mun

ity fo

r yea

rs b

ut w

ante

d to

fo

cus

on im

prov

ing

the

neig

hbor

hood

’s d

ensit

y an

d w

alka

bilit

y to

impr

ove

safe

ty a

nd e

ncou

rage

eco

nom

ic

grow

th. I

n pa

rtne

rshi

p w

ith th

e ar

ea’s

com

mun

ity d

evel

opm

ent

corp

orat

ion,

the

coal

ition

dev

elop

ed a

live

-w

here

-you

- wor

k in

cent

ive

prog

ram

, Liv

e M

idto

wn,

the

anch

or in

stitu

tions

’ em

ploy

ees.

Alth

ough

not

ev

eryt

hing

can

be

dire

ctly

cre

dite

d to

Liv

e M

idto

wn,

afte

r thr

ee y

ears

of i

mpl

emen

tatio

n, th

e ar

ea’s

occ

upan

cy

rate

and

med

ian

hom

e sa

le p

rice

have

incr

ease

d, d

evel

oper

s sta

rted

mor

e th

an 2

0 re

siden

tial/m

ixed

-use

re

nova

tion

or n

ew c

onst

ruct

ion

proj

ects

, and

ent

repr

eneu

rs h

ave

open

ed m

ore

than

40

new

bus

ines

ses.

Thi

s le

vel o

f act

ivity

and

den

sity

cont

inue

s to

spar

k de

sign

and

wal

kabi

lity

proj

ects

suc

h as

bui

ldin

g pa

rks

and

gree

n al

leys

, inc

reas

ing

bicy

cle

lane

s, n

arro

win

g ro

ads,

and

enc

oura

ging

res

taur

ants

to b

uild

out

door

sea

ting

on w

ide

sidew

alks

.1Co

mm

uniti

es th

at fo

ster

wal

kabi

lity

and

stre

et d

esig

n w

ill li

kely

see

grea

ter e

cono

mic

pro

sper

ity,

high

er d

ensit

y, a

nd a

n in

crea

se in

inve

stm

ent p

roje

cts

and

smal

l bus

ines

ses.

Tran

spor

tatio

n: Li

ve-W

here

-You

-Wor

k In

cent

ives

1 “L

ive

Mid

tow

n,”

Mic

higa

n M

unic

ipal

Leag

ue: P

lace

mak

ing,

201

4, a

cces

sed

June

11,

201

4, h

ttp:

// p

lace

mak

ing.

mm

l.org

/Liv

e-M

idto

wn/

.

michigan municipal league...

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