michigan high school social studies content … · 1 mcdougal littell the americans: reconstruction...

correlated to the

MichiganHigh School Social Studies Content ExpectationsU.S. History andGeography

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McDougal LittellThe Americans: Reconstruction to the 21st Century ©2009

correlated to the

MichiganHigh School Social Studies Content Expectations:

U.S. History and Geography

FOUNDATIONS IN U.S. HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY: ERAS 1–5

These foundational expectations are included to help students draw upon their previous study ofAmerican history and connect high school United States history with the history studied in 5th and 8thgrades.

Note: These might be reviewed as a separate opening unit or woven into Content Expectations 6.1, 6.2,and 6.3.

F1 Political and Intellectual Transformations of America to 1877F1.1 Identify the core ideals of American society as reflected in the documents below and analyze

the ways that American society moved toward and/or away from its core ideals1. Declaration of Independence

PE/TE: 53, 54-57

2. the U.S. Constitution (including the Preamble)

PE/TE: 68-71, 80-81, 82-103, 106-107, 108-109

3. Bill of Rights

PE/TE: 70, 96-97, 106-107

4. the Gettysburg Address

PE/TE: 176-177

5. 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments

PE/TE: 98-100, 104, 167, 183, 189, 289, 185-186, 287, 290-291, 315-316, 701, 708,724, 725, 774, 818

McDougal Littell The Americans: Reconstruction to the 21st Century ©2009 correlated to theMichigan High School Social Studies Content Expectations: U.S. History and Geography

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F1.2 Using the American Revolution, the creation and adoption of the Constitution, and the CivilWar as touchstones, develop an argument/narrative about the changing character of Americanpolitical society and the roles of key individuals across cultures in prompting/supporting thechange by discussing1. the birth of republican government, including the rule of law, inalienable rights, equality,

and limited government

PE/TE: 44-45, 46-51, 53-57, 58-63, 64-65, 66-71, 80-81, 82-103, 104-105, 106-107,108-109

2. the development of governmental roles in American life

PE/TE: 64-65, 66-71, 74-79, 80-81

3. and competing views of the responsibilities of governments (federal, state, and local)

PE/TE: 68-71, 80-81, 110-111, 120-122, 128-129, 162-163, 164-165, 166-167

4. changes in suffrage qualifications

PE/TE: 64-65, 104-105, 106-107

5. the development of political parties

PE/TE: 68-71, 76, 80-81, 112-113, 161-162

6. America’s political and economic role in the world(National Geography Standard 13, p. 210)

PE/TE: 116-117, 130-137


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F2 Geographic, Economic, Social, and Demographic Trends in America to 1877

Note to teacher: This foundational expectation might be taught in stand-alone lessons or integrated withStandard 6.1.

F2.1 Describe the major trends and transformations in American life prior to 1877 including1. changing political boundaries of the United States (National Geography Standard 13, p.

210)

PE/TE: 18-20, 116-117, 150-151, 152-153

2. regional economic differences and similarities, including goods produced and the natureof the labor force (National Geography Standard 11, p. 206)

PE/TE: 7, 18-20, 21-23, 29, 33-34, 120-122, 130-138, 145-147, 152-153, 156-157,168-169, 174, 208-211

3. changes in the size, location, and composition of the population(National Geography Standard 9, p. 201)

PE/TE: 130-133, 137-138, 193, 214-216

4. patterns of immigration and migration (National Geography Standard 9, p. 201)

PE/TE: 2-3, 4-6, 14-15, 17, 18-20, 130-133, 137-138, 193, 200-201, 203-204, 214-216

5. development of cities (National Geography Standard 12, p. 208)

PE/TE: 262-266, 276-281

6. changes in commerce, transportation, and communication(National Geography Standard 11, p. 206)

PE/TE: 139-143, 152-153

7. major changes in Foreign Affairs marked by such events as the War of 1812, theMexican-American War, and foreign relations during the Civil War

PE/TE: 114, 116-117, 133-137, 171, 194


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USHG ERA 6 – THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INDUSTRIAL, URBAN, AND GLOBALUNITED STATES (1870–1930)

6.1 Growth of an Industrial and Urban America

Explain the causes and consequences – both positive and negative – of the Industrial Revolution andAmerica’s growth from a predominantly agricultural, commercial, and rural nation to a more industrialand urban nation between 1870 and 1930.

6.1.1 Factors in the American Industrial Revolution – Analyze the factors that enabled theUnited States to become a major industrial power, including1. gains from trade (National Geography Standard 11, p. 206)

PE/TE: 230-233, 236-238, 241-244, 296-297

2. organizational “revolution” (e.g., development of corporations and labor organizations)

PE/TE: 241-249, 250-251, 296-297

3. advantages of physical geography (National Geography Standards 4, 7, and 15; p. 190,197, and 214)

PE/TE: 228-229, 230-232, 234-235, 250-251

4. increase in labor through immigration and migration(National Geography Standard 9, p. 201)

PE/TE: 228-229, 237, 252-253, 254-256

5. economic policies of government and industrial leaders (including Andrew Carnegie andJohn D. Rockefeller)

PE/TE: 241-244, 250-251

6. technological advances

PE/TE: 228-229, 232-233, 236-240, 250-251, 276-281

6.1.2 Labor’s Response to Industrial Growth – Evaluate the different responses of labor toindustrial change including1. development of organized labor, including the Knights of Labor, American Federation of

Labor, and the United Mine Workers

PE/TE: 244-249, 417-418

2. southern and western farmers’ reactions, including the growth of populism and thepopulist movement (e.g., Farmers Alliance, Grange, Platform of the Populist Party,Bryan’s “Cross of Gold” speech) (National Geography Standard 6, p. 195)

PE/TE: 219-223, 238-240


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6.1.3 Urbanization – Analyze the changing urban and rural landscape by examining1. the location and expansion of major urban centers

(National Geography Standard 12, p. 208)

PE/TE: 252-253, 262-265, 276-277, 296-297

2. the growth of cities linked by industry and trade(National Geography Standard 11, p. 206)

PE/TE: 262-266, 276-281

3. the development of cities divided by race, ethnicity, and class (National GeographyStandard 10, p. 203)

PE/TE: 257-258, 260-261, 262-266, 284

4. resulting tensions among and within groups (National Geography Standard 13, p. 210)

PE/TE: 257-259, 260-261

5. different perspectives about immigrant experiences in the urban setting (NationalGeography Standards 9, p. 201; 12, p. 208)

PE/TE: 257-259, 260-261, 262-265

6.1.4 Population Changes – Use census data from 1790-1940 to describe changes in thecomposition, distribution, and density of the American population and analyze their causes,including immigration, the Great Migration, and urbanization.(National Geography Standard 12, p. 208)

PE/TE: 147, 254-259, 262-266, 282-285, 344, 393-394, 416, 591


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6.1.5 A Case Study of American Industrialism – Using the automobile industry as a case study,analyze the causes and consequences of this major industrial transformation by explaining1. the impact of resource availability (National Geography Standard 16, p. 216)

PE/TE: 422, 423-424

2. entrepreneurial decision making by Henry Ford and others

PE/TE: 423-424

3. domestic and international migrations (National Geography Standard 9, p. 201)

PE/TE: 423-424

4. the development of an industrial work force

PE/TE: 423-424

5. the impact on Michigan

PE/TE: 423-424

6. the impact on American society

PE/TE: 423-424


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6.2 Becoming a World Power

Describe and analyze the major changes – both positive and negative – in the role the United Statesplayed in world affairs after the Civil War, and explain the causes and consequences of this changingrole.

6.2.1 Growth of U.S. Global Power – Locate on a map the territories (Cuba, Puerto Rico,Philippines, Hawaii, Panama Canal Zone) acquired by the United States during its emergenceas an imperial power between 1890 and 1914, and analyze the role the Spanish AmericanWar, the Philippine Revolution, the Panama Canal, the Open Door Policy, and the RooseveltCorollary played in expanding America’s global influence and redefining its foreign policy.(National Geography Standards 1 and 3; p.184 and 188)

PE/TE: 340-341, 342-345, 346-351, 352-358, 359-365, 366-367, 368-369

6.2.2 WWI – Explain the causes of World War I, the reasons for American neutrality and eventualentry into the war, and America’s role in shaping the course of the war.

PE/TE: 370-371, 372-380, 381-387, 406-407

6.2.3 Domestic Impact of WWI – Analyze the domestic impact of WWI on the growth of thegovernment (e.g., War Industries Board), the expansion of the economy, the restrictions oncivil liberties (e.g., Sedition Act, Red Scare, Palmer Raids), and the expansion of women’ssuffrage.

PE/TE: 388-395, 396-397, 406-407, 419-420

6.2.4 Wilson and His Opponents – Explain how Wilson’s “Fourteen Points” differed fromproposals by others, including French and British leaders and domestic opponents, in thedebate over the Versailles Treaty, United States participation in the League of Nations, theredrawing of European political boundaries, and the resulting geopolitical tensions thatcontinued to affect Europe. (National Geography Standards 3 and 13; p. 188 and 210)

PE/TE: 398-403, 404-405, 406-407


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6.3 Progressivism and Reform

Select and evaluate major public and social issues emerging from the changes in industrial, urban, andglobal America during this period; analyze the solutions or resolutions developed by Americans, andtheir consequences (positive/ negative – anticipated/unanticipated) including, but not limited to, thefollowing:

6.3.1 Social Issues – Describe at least three significant problems or issues created by America’sindustrial and urban transformation between 1895 and 1930 (e.g., urban and rural poverty andblight, child labor, immigration, political corruption, public health, poor working conditions,and monopolies).

PE/TE: 252-253, 254-259, 262-266, 267-271, 309-310, 414-418, 420-421

6.3.2 Causes and Consequences of Progressive Reform – Analyze the causes, consequences, andlimitations of Progressive reform in the following areas1. major changes in the Constitution, including 16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th Amendments

PE/TE: 307-308, 312, 315-316, 333-335

2. new regulatory legislation (e.g., Pure Food and Drug Act, Sherman and ClaytonAnti-Trust Acts)

PE/TE: 319-324, 332-334

3. the Supreme Court’s role in supporting or slowing reform

PE/TE: 239-240, 244, 310-311, 316, 319

4. role of reform organizations, movements and individuals in promoting change (e.g.,Women’s Christian Temperance Union, settlement house movement, conservationmovement, and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, JaneAddams, Carrie Chapman Catt, Eugene Debs, W.E.B. DuBois, Upton Sinclair, IdaTarbell) (National Geography Standard 14, p. 212)

PE/TE: 304-305, 306-312, 313-316, 324-325, 326-327, 334-335, 338-339

5. efforts to expand and restrict the practices of democracy as reflected in post-Civil Warstruggles of African Americans and immigrants (National Geography Standards 9 and10; p. 201 and 203)

PE/TE: 304-305, 194, 195, 268, 286-288, 290-291, 414-416

6.3.3 Women’s Suffrage – Analyze the successes and failures of efforts to expand women’s rights,including the work of important leaders (e.g., Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton)and the eventual ratification of the 19th Amendment.

PE/TE: 304-305, 314-316, 334-335


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USHG ERA 7 – THE GREAT DEPRESSION AND WORLD WAR II (1920–1945)

7.1 Growing Crisis of Industrial Capitalism and Responses

Evaluate the key events and decisions surrounding the causes and consequences of the globaldepression of the 1930s and World War II.

7.1.1 The Twenties – Identify and explain the significance of the cultural changes and tensions inthe “Roaring Twenties” including1. cultural movements, such as the Harlem Renaissance and the “lost generation”

PE/TE: 432-433, 446-451, 452-457, 458-459, 460-461

2. the struggle between “traditional” and “modern” America (e.g., Scopes Trial,immigration restrictions, Prohibition, role of women, mass consumption)(National Geography Standard 10, p. 203)

PE/TE: 434-439, 440-443, 444-445, 446-451, 460-461

7.1.2 Causes and Consequences of the Great Depression – Explain and evaluate the multiplecauses and consequences of the Great Depression by analyzing1. the political, economic, environmental, and social causes of the Great Depression

including fiscal policy, overproduction, under consumption, and speculation, the 1929crash, and the Dust Bowl (National Geography Standards 14 and 15; p. 212 and 214)

PE/TE: 462-463, 464-471, 484-485

2. the economic and social toll of the Great Depression, including unemployment andenvironmental conditions that affected farmers, industrial workers and families (NationalGeography Standard 15, p. 214)

PE/TE: 472-477, 484-485, 510-514

3. Hoover’s policies and their impact (e.g., Reconstruction Finance Corporation)

PE/TE: 478-483, 484-485


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7.1.3 The New Deal – Explain and evaluate Roosevelt’s New Deal Policies including1. expanding federal government’s responsibilities to protect the environment (e.g., Dust

Bowl and the Tennessee Valley), meet challenges of unemployment, address the needs ofworkers, farmers, poor, and elderly (National Geography Standard 14, p. 212)

PE/TE: 486-487, 488-494, 495-501, 502-503

2. opposition to the New Deal and the impact of the Supreme Court in striking down andthen accepting New Deal laws

PE/TE: 492-494

3. consequences of New Deal policies (e.g., promoting workers’ rights, development ofSocial Security program, and banking and financial regulation conservation practices,crop subsidies) (National Geography Standard 16, p. 216)

PE/TE: 490-492, 499-501, 502-503, 504-509, 515-519, 520-521

7.2 World War II

Examine the causes and course of World War II, and the effects of the war on United States society andculture, including the consequences for United States involvement in world affairs.

7.2.1 Causes of WWII – Analyze the factors contributing to World War II in Europe and in thePacific region, and America’s entry into war including1. the political and economic disputes over territory (e.g., failure of Versailles Treaty,

League of Nations, Munich Agreement) (National Geography Standard 13, p. 210)

PE/TE: 528-535, 536-541, 558-559

2. the differences in the civic and political values of the United States and those of NaziGermany and Imperial Japan

PE/TE: 528-535

3. United States neutrality

PE/TE: 526-527, 534-535, 550-557, 558-559

4. the bombing of Pearl Harbor (National Geography Standard 13, p. 210)

PE/TE: 554-557, 558-559

7.2.2 U.S. and the Course of WWII – Evaluate the role of the U.S. in fighting the war militarily,diplomatically and technologically across the world (e.g., Germany First strategy, Big ThreeAlliance and the development of atomic weapons).

PE/TE: 560-561, 562-568, 569-577, 578-598, 588-589


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7.2.3 Impact of WWII on American Life – Analyze the changes in American life brought aboutby U.S. participation in World War II including1. mobilization of economic, military, and social resources

PE/TE: 590-595

2. role of women and minorities in the war effort

PE/TE: 590-591, 592-595

3. role of the home front in supporting the war effort (e.g., rationing, work hours, taxes)

PE/TE: 590-595

4. internment of Japanese-Americans (National Geography Standard 10, p. 203)

PE/TE: 594-595, 596-597

7.2.4 Responses to Genocide – Investigate development and enactment of Hitler’s “final solution”policy, and the responses to genocide by the Allies, the U.S. government, internationalorganizations, and individuals (e.g., liberation of concentration camps, Nuremberg warcrimes tribunals, establishment of state of Israel). (National Geography Standard 13, p. 210)

PE/TE: 542-549


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USHG ERA 8 – POST-WORLD WAR II UNITED STATES (1945–1989)

8.1 Cold War and the United States

Identify, analyze, and explain the causes, conditions, and impact of the Cold War Era on the UnitedStates.

8.1.1 Origins and Beginnings of Cold War – Analyze the factors that contributed to the Cold Warincluding1. differences in the civic, ideological and political values, and the economic and

governmental institutions of the U.S. and U.S.S.R.

PE/TE: 602-605

2. diplomatic decisions made at the Yalta and Potsdam Conferences (1945)

PE/TE: 603-604

3. actions by both countries in the last years of and years following World War II (e.g., theuse of the atomic bomb, the Marshall Plan, the Truman Doctrine, North American TreatyAlliance (NATO), and Warsaw Pact) (National Geography Standard 13, p. 210)

PE/TE: 602-608

8.1.2 Foreign Policy during the Cold War – Evaluate the origins, setbacks, and successes of theAmerican policy of “containing” the Soviet Union, including1. the development of a U.S. national security establishment, composed of the Department

of Defense, the Department of State, and the intelligence community(National Geography Standard 13, p. 210)

PE/TE: 605-608, 623, 626, 674

2. the armed struggle with Communism, including the Korean conflict (National GeographyStandard 13, p. 210)

PE/TE: 609-615

3. direct conflicts within specific world regions including Germany and Cuba(National Geography Standards 5 and 13; p. 194 and 210)

PE/TE: 673-676

4. U.S. involvement in Vietnam, and the foreign and domestic consequences of the war(e.g., relationship/conflicts with U.S.S.R. and China, U.S. military policy and practices,responses of citizens and mass media) (National Geography Standard 13, p. 210)

PE/TE: 728-729, 730-735, 736-741, 742-747, 748-753, 754-761


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5. indirect (or proxy) confrontations within specific world regions (e.g., Chile, Angola, Iran,Guatemala) (National Geography Standards 5 and 13; p. 194 and 210)

PE/TE: 623-626

6. the arms race (National Geography Standards 13, p. 210)

PE/TE: 622-623

8.1.3 End of the Cold War – Evaluate the factors that led to the end of the cold war includingdetente, policies of the U.S. and U.S.S.R. and their leaders (President Reagan and PremierGorbachev), the political breakup of the Soviet Union, and the Warsaw Pact.

PE/TE: 848-850

8.2 Domestic PoliciesExamine, analyze, and explain demographic changes, domestic policies, conflicts, and tensions in Post-WWII America.

8.2.1 Demographic Changes – Use population data to produce and analyze maps that show themajor changes in population distribution, spatial patterns and density, including the BabyBoom, new immigration, suburbanization, reverse migration of African Americans to theSouth, and the flow of population to the “Sunbelt.” (National Geography Standards 1,3, 5, 9,10; p. 184, 188, 192, 201, 203)

PE/TE: 591, 643, 650-651, 659, 846, 847, 884, 885

8.2.2 Policy Concerning Domestic Issues – Analyze major domestic issues in the Post-World WarII era and the policies designed to meet the challenges by1. describing issues challenging Americans such as domestic anticommunism

(McCarthyism), labor, poverty, health care, infrastructure, immigration, and theenvironment (National Geography Standards 9 and 14; p. 201 and 212)

PE/TE: 600-601, 616-621, 660-663, 634-640, 644, 679-680, 682, 686-693

2. evaluating policy decisions and legislative actions to meet these challenges (e.g., G.I. Billof Rights (1944), Taft-Hartley Act (1947), Twenty-Second Amendment to the U.S.Constitution (1951), Federal Highways Act (1956), National Defense Act (1957), E.P.A.(1970) (National Geography Standards 12 and 14; p. 208 and 212)

PE/TE: 102, 634-640, 646, 682, 686-693, 822

8.2.3 Comparing Domestic Policies – Focusing on causes, programs, and impacts, compare andcontrast Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives, Johnson’s Great Society programs, and Reagan’smarket-based domestic policies. (National Geography Standard 14, p. 212)

PE/TE: 488-494, 495-503, 504-509, 686-695, 830-833, 834-838, 839-847


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8.2.4 Domestic Conflicts and Tensions – Using core democratic values, analyze and evaluate thecompeting perspectives and controversies among Americans generated by U.S. SupremeCourt decisions (e.g., Roe v Wade, Gideon, Miranda, Tinker, Hazelwood), the Vietnam War(anti-war and counter-cultural movements), environmental movement, women’s rightsmovement, and the constitutional crisis generated by the Watergate scandal. (NationalGeography Standard 16, p. 216)

PE/TE: 657, 694-695, 708-709, 728-729, 730-735, 736-741, 742-747, 748-753, 754-763,764-765, 776-780, 781-785, 802-809, 818-819, 820-825, 839-847, 916-917

8.3 Civil Rights in the Post-WWII EraExamine and analyze the Civil Rights Movement using key events, people, and organizations.

8.3.1 Civil Rights Movement – Analyze the key events, ideals, documents, and organizations inthe struggle for civil rights by African Americans including1. the impact of WWII and the Cold War (e.g., racial and gender integration of the military)

PE/TE: 592-593, 637-638, 657, 660-662, 671, 682, 687

2. Supreme Court decisions and governmental actions (e.g., Brown v. Board (1954), CivilRights Act (1957), Little Rock schools desegregation, Civil Rights Act (1964), VotingRights Act (1965))

PE/TE: 698-699, 700-709, 710-716, 717-725, 796-797

3. protest movements, organizations, and civil actions (e.g., integration of baseball,Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955–1956), March on Washington (1963), freedom rides,National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), SouthernChristian Leadership Conference (SCLC), Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee(SNCC), Nation of Islam, Black Panthers)

PE/TE: 698-699, 700-709, 710-716, 717-725

4. resistance to Civil Rights (National Geography Standard 6, p. 195)(National Geography Standard 10, p. 203)

PE/TE: 698-699, 700-709, 710-716, 717-725, 796-797


15

8.3.2 Ideals of the Civil Rights Movement – Compare and contrast the ideas in Martin LutherKing’s March on Washington speech to the ideas expressed in the Declaration ofIndependence, the Seneca Falls Resolution, and the Gettysburg Address.

PE/TE: 54-55, 148-149, 177, 714

8.3.3 Women’s Rights – Analyze the causes and course of the women’s rights movement in the1960s and 1970s (including role of population shifts, birth control, increasing number ofwomen in the work force, National Organization for Women (NOW), and the Equal RightsAmendment (ERA)). (National Geography Standard 10, p. 203)

PE/TE: 776-780

8.3.4 Civil Rights Expanded – Evaluate the major accomplishments and setbacks in civil rightsand liberties for American minorities over the 20th century including American Indians,Latinos/as, new immigrants, people with disabilities, and gays and lesbians. (NationalGeography Standard 10, p. 203)

PE/TE: 254-261, 286-291, 662-663, 698-699, 700-709, 710-716, 717-725, 768-775, 776-780, 842-845, 882-889

8.3.5 Tensions and Reactions to Poverty and Civil Rights – Analyze the causes andconsequences of the civil unrest that occurred in American cities by comparing the civilunrest in Detroit with at least one other American city (e.g., Los Angeles, Cleveland,Chicago, Atlanta, Newark).

PE/TE: 698-699, 700-709, 710-716, 717-725


16

USHG ERA 9 – AMERICA IN A NEW GLOBAL AGE

9.1 The Impact of Globalization on the United States

Explain the impact of globalization on the United States’ economy, politics, society and role in the world.

9.1.1 Economic Changes – Using the changing nature of the American automobile industry as acase study, evaluate the changes in the American economy created by new markets, naturalresources, technologies, corporate structures, international competition, new sources andmethods of production, energy issues, and mass communication. (National GeographyStandard 11, p. 206)

PE/TE: 860-868, 869-875, 876-881

9.1.2 Transformation of American Politics – Analyze the transformation of American politics inthe late 20th and early 21st centuries including1. growth of the conservative movement in national politics, including the role of Ronald

Reagan

PE/TE: 828-829, 830-833, 834-836

2. role of evangelical religion in national politics (National Geography Standards 3 and 6;p.188 and 195)

PE/TE: 831-832, 838

3. intensification of partisanship

PE/TE: 864-866

4. partisan conflict over the role of government in American life

PE/TE: 866-868

5. role of regional differences in national politics (National Geography Standard 6, p. 195)

PE/TE: 837, 865-866


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9.2 Changes in America’s Role in the World

Examine the shifting role of United States on the world stage during the period from 1980 to the present.

9.2.1 U.S. in the Post-Cold War World – Explain the role of the United States as a super-powerin the post-Cold War world, including advantages, disadvantages, and new challenges (e.g.,military missions in Lebanon, Somalia, Haiti, Bosnia, Kosovo, and the Gulf War). (NationalGeography Standard 13, p. 210)

PE/TE: 835-836, 548-855, 863-864, 872-873, 894-895, 898-899

9.2.2 9/11 and Responses to Terrorism – Analyze how the attacks on 9/11 and the response toterrorism have altered American domestic and international policies (including e.g., theOffice of Homeland Security, Patriot Act, wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, role of the UnitedStates in the United Nations, NATO). (National Geography Standard 13, p. 210)

PE/TE: 862-863, 866-867, 894-895, 898-899

9.3 Policy Debates

9.3.1 Compose a persuasive essay on a public policy issue, and justify the position with a reasonedargument based upon historical antecedents and precedents, and core democratic values orconstitutional principles.1. role of the United States in the world

PE/TE: 869-873, 894-895, 898-899

2. national economic policy

PE/TE: 861-862, 867, 869-873, 912-913

3. welfare policy

PE/TE: 795, 910-911

4. energy policy

PE/TE: 881, 916-917

5. health care

PE/TE: 861-862, 908-909

6. education

PE/TE: 904-905

7. civil rights (National Geography Standard 17, p. 216)

PE/TE: 698-699, 700-709, 710-716, 717-725

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