Michigan Biosolids Michigan Biosolids SeminarSeminar

February 21, 2008February 21, 2008

News From The FieldNews From The Field

Biosolids Management in Biosolids Management in MichiganMichigan

• Tonnage & FeesTonnage & Fees

• Liquid Application Liquid Application

• Cake ApplicationCake Application

• Mine ReclamationMine Reclamation

• Forest ApplicationForest Application

• Class A Class A

• Michigan Biosolids Team Regulatory Affairs Michigan Biosolids Team Regulatory Affairs ActivitiesActivities

• Research ProjectsResearch Projects

Year Landfilled % Incinerated % Land Applied % Total

1997 No Data N/A No Data N/A 85,525 N/A N/A

1998 No Data N/A No Data N/A 84,712 N/A N/A

1999 No Data N/A No Data N/A 77,405 N/A N/A

2000 116,976 36% 121,497 38% 83,139 26% 309,877

2001 96,589 30% 138,711 44% 82,755 26% 318,055

2002 152,445 39% 140,455 36% 94,394 24% 387,608

2003 153,504 42% 127,840 35% 81,048 22% 362,392

2004 109,335 29% 175,871 47% 88,312 24% 373,538

2005 176,995 43% 147,673 36% 88,616 21% 413,241

2006 122,681 35% 135,916 39% 93,151 26% 342,094

2007 95,182 28% 152,542 46% 87,324 26% 335,048

MDEQ Biosolids Land Application MDEQ Biosolids Land Application FeesFeesFY FY YrYr

ExpenseExpensess

FTEFTE Dry Dry TonsTons

FeeFee NotesNotes

19919977

N/AN/A N/AN/A 85,52585,525 N/AN/A Act 129 Act 129 PassedPassed

19919988

N/AN/A N/AN/A 84,71284,712 4.04.000

19919999

N/AN/A N/AN/A 77,40577,405 6.56.577

20020000

N/AN/A N/AN/A 83,13983,139 5.75.722

20020011

N/AN/A N/AN/A 82,75582,755 5.65.611

20020022

$519,83$519,8399

5.55.511

94,39494,394 5.75.799

20020033

$515,24$515,2488

5.25.211

81,04881,048 5.35.311

20020044

$621,16$621,1611

7.17.166

88,31288,312 4.94.999

$34,263 $34,263 AdminAdmin

20020055

$676,27$676,2755

7.17.122

88,61688,616 5.05.077

$36,300 $36,300 AdminAdmin

20020066

$621,97$621,9744

5.45.422

93,15193,151 7.17.100

$38,700 $38,700 AdminAdmin

20020077

$619,18$619,1822

5.95.9 87,32487,324 7.47.444

$23,977 $23,977 AdminAdmin

Wastewater Treatment Wastewater Treatment FacilitiesFacilities

• 186 facilities186 facilities

• 7,324 dry tons7,324 dry tons

• 92% of land 92% of land applied applied biosolidsbiosolids

Wastewater Stabilization Wastewater Stabilization LagoonsLagoons

• 10 WWSL facilities• 6691 Dry Tons• 8% of land applied biosolids

Subsurface InjectionSubsurface Injection

• 84,291 dry tons

• 97% of biosolids produced are liquid applied

Surface ApplicationSurface Application

• 500 dry tons

• <1% of biosolids produced are surface applied

•38% Volatile Reduction

38% Volatile Reduction

Cake Surface ApplicationCake Surface Application• 2,533 dry tons

• 3% of biosolids produced are cake applied

IncorporationIncorporation

• Achieve vector Achieve vector attraction attraction

• Maximize nitrogen Maximize nitrogen valuevalue

• Minimize potential Minimize potential public relations public relations issuesissues

Field StorageField Storage

Genesee County - LindenGenesee County - Linden

• 1171 dry tons/yr• 30% Cake • 6% liquid

Genesee County - ATRPGenesee County - ATRP

• 8,239 Dry Tons/Yr• 7% Total Solids•10,000 Wt Cake

Cost Comparison Landfilling vs Land Cost Comparison Landfilling vs Land ApplicationApplication

•jj

•ll

$200-300/dry ton

$150-250/dry ton

CLASS A BIOSOLIDSCLASS A BIOSOLIDS

CITY OF KALAMAZOO CITY OF KALAMAZOO • 4 – 2 Meter Belt Filter Presses • 120 dt/day Class A RDP process for pasteurization• Lime addition to raise pH to 12.0 & temperature to 158o F• 30 Minute Retention time

3,785 Dry tons applied in 2006 424 dry tons applied in 2007

Kalamazoo Class A Product

DELTA TOWNSHIPDELTA TOWNSHIP• 764 Dry Tons/Yr• Anaerobic digestion (94 degrees F)• Ferric & lime conditioning• 45% TS cake• 503.32 Class A – Alternative 3

• Fecal• Helmenthova• Enteric Viruses

• Fertilizing radish fields

• Surface applied with field Gymmy• Incorporated w/in 48 hours

City of CadillacCity of Cadillac

• Using mesophyllic anaerobic digestion • Achieves Class A designation

• Fecal• Helmenthova• Enteric Viruses

327 dt/yr liquid injected

City of MidlandCity of Midland

•l

Midland Composted Biosolids 2006

•Organic Matter: 50% •pH 6.8•C:N 13:1•Soluble Salts: 3.3•Total N: 1.7% •Phosphorous P: 1.7% •Potassium K: 0.4% •Calcium Ca: 3.7% •Bulk Density: 1000lb/ cu. yd

Big Fish - CharlevoixBig Fish - Charlevoix

Exceptional Quality Class ‘A’ Biosolids 

Total Solids (dry) 41.20%Total Organic Nitrogen 24.0 lbs per tonPlant Available Nitrogen 12.0 lbs per tonAmmonia 0.026 # per tonFecal Coliform < 100 gram of total solids/dry wt.Salmonella < 3 per 4 grams of total solids/dry wt.pH 7.0

Three RiversThree Rivers

• Centrifuge produces 26% dewatered cake• Thermal Dryer produces 90% Total Solids• Class A/EQ product• 472 dt/yr processed

• Autothermal Thermophyllic Aerobic Digestion (ATAD)• Pressurized jet aeration system to maximize oxygen transfer• Aerobic reactions heat biosolids to 58-63o C • 10-15 day SRT Required• 1-9 hr detention time required for pathogen kill• 46-55% VS Reduction• Produces Class A/EQ Pasteurized product

Grand Valley Regional Grand Valley Regional Biosolids AuthorityBiosolids Authority

GR produces 16000 dt/yr Wyoming produces 8000 dt/yr

Michigan Biosolids Team Michigan Biosolids Team ActivitiesActivities

February 26, 2007

April 11, 2007

June 20, 2007

June 28, 2007

Gerber Foods - FremontGerber Foods - Fremont• Raw animal manure may Raw animal manure may

be applied & be applied & incorporated minimum incorporated minimum of 6 months before of 6 months before harvestharvest

• ““Completely” composted Completely” composted animal manure may be animal manure may be applied a minimum of applied a minimum of 120 days before harvest120 days before harvest

• Biosolids may be Biosolids may be applied not less than 36 applied not less than 36 months from application months from application to harvest & must to harvest & must comply with 503 & state comply with 503 & state regulationsregulations

Bio-diesel Bio-diesel • July 2006 Governor July 2006 Governor

Granholm signed bills w/ Granholm signed bills w/ $200M incentives for $200M incentives for increase production & increase production & use of renewable fuels use of renewable fuels

• European biodiesel uses European biodiesel uses canolacanola

• US biodiesel uses US biodiesel uses soybeansoybean

• SoybeanSoybean

Crop Production StatisticsCrop Production Statistics

Source: National Agricultural Statistics Service/Michigan Department of Agriculture

(1) Commodity Market Outlook, Michigan State University, Jim Hilker – National data

EthanolEthanol• Currently five facilities in Currently five facilities in

Michigan producing Michigan producing ethanolethanol

• Use starch or sugar based Use starch or sugar based productsproducts

– PotatoesPotatoes

– wheat wheat

– sorghum sorghum

– Corn Corn

• Corn has been go to source Corn has been go to source due to its abundance & due to its abundance & costcost

Source: National Agricultural Statistics Service/Michigan Department of Agriculture

Crop Production StatisticsCrop Production Statistics

(1) Commodity Market Outlook, Michigan State University, Jim Hilker – National data

(2) Commodity Market Outlook, Michigan State University. Jim Hilker – Michigan data

• Q. When we are land applying biosolids for more than 2 days in a Q. When we are land applying biosolids for more than 2 days in a row, why are we required to collect daily biosolids samples for row, why are we required to collect daily biosolids samples for percent total solids even though we have a percent total solids percent total solids even though we have a percent total solids value on the sample we analyzed for metals? value on the sample we analyzed for metals?

• A. When the land application period lasts for more than 2 consecutive days, A. When the land application period lasts for more than 2 consecutive days, the DEQ has found that the percent solids analysis provided on the analytical the DEQ has found that the percent solids analysis provided on the analytical report for metals and nutrients is often not representative of the percent report for metals and nutrients is often not representative of the percent total solids of biosolids actually land applied. Because R 323.2406(1) total solids of biosolids actually land applied. Because R 323.2406(1) requires that a person collect and analyze representative samples, the DEQ requires that a person collect and analyze representative samples, the DEQ typically does require daily percent total solids analysis, unless information typically does require daily percent total solids analysis, unless information can be provided demonstrating that the initial data is representative (i.e., can be provided demonstrating that the initial data is representative (i.e., mechanical plant with good mixing). The daily percent solids results should mechanical plant with good mixing). The daily percent solids results should be utilized when calculating daily application rates and reporting dry tons be utilized when calculating daily application rates and reporting dry tons land applied. land applied.

• A related issue regarding lagoon cleaning projects is that the composite A related issue regarding lagoon cleaning projects is that the composite samples collected for the RMP approval often overestimate the concentration samples collected for the RMP approval often overestimate the concentration of available nutrients and underestimate the total percent solids of the of available nutrients and underestimate the total percent solids of the biosolids being applied to land after a few days of cleaning operations inside biosolids being applied to land after a few days of cleaning operations inside the lagoon. This phenomenon is likely due to the mixing of the biosolids with the lagoon. This phenomenon is likely due to the mixing of the biosolids with the clay particles from upper portions of clay liners disrupted from the clay particles from upper portions of clay liners disrupted from equipment working inside the lagoon. To address this situation and provide equipment working inside the lagoon. To address this situation and provide the most representative data possible (in addition to the sampling for the most representative data possible (in addition to the sampling for metals, nutrients, and fecal coliform prior to beginning the project), the DEQ metals, nutrients, and fecal coliform prior to beginning the project), the DEQ have begun requiring the sample plan in the lagoon RMP to include a have begun requiring the sample plan in the lagoon RMP to include a commitment to analyze a minimum of 2 additional composite samples for commitment to analyze a minimum of 2 additional composite samples for available nutrients in addition to the daily percent solids collected during the available nutrients in addition to the daily percent solids collected during the course of the lagoon cleaning. This data should then be used in reporting course of the lagoon cleaning. This data should then be used in reporting dry tons and nutrients land applied. dry tons and nutrients land applied.

• For more clarification on this requirement, please contact your District DEQ For more clarification on this requirement, please contact your District DEQ Biosolids Specialist.Biosolids Specialist.

Research ProjectsResearch Projects

• Evaluation of Processes to Reduce Activated Sludge Solids Generation

• Examination of Reactivation & Regrowth of Fecal Coliforms in Centrifuge Dewatered, Anaerobically Digested Sludges

• Optimization of Wastewater & Solids Operations

• Eliminate or Reduce Odors Associated with Biosolids

• Evaluating & Communicating Whether Human Health is at Risk from Land Applied Biosolids

WERF Biosolids Research Projects

Land Application of Land Application of Biosolids & Pathogen Risk Biosolids & Pathogen Risk AssessmentAssessment• Risk Assessment model will be Risk Assessment model will be

developed at Drexel Universitydeveloped at Drexel University

• University of Arizona will contribute University of Arizona will contribute existing dataexisting data

• Two (2) Michigan sites will be Two (2) Michigan sites will be sampled by Michigan State sampled by Michigan State UniversityUniversity– Treated biosolids prior to land Treated biosolids prior to land

application application

– Groundwater & surface runoff (drain Groundwater & surface runoff (drain tiles) at the application sitetiles) at the application site

– Sample aerosols with automatic Sample aerosols with automatic samplerssamplers

MSU NSF RESEARCH MSU NSF RESEARCH PROPOSALPROPOSAL

• Research on viruses from Research on viruses from animal manure & biosolids animal manure & biosolids that are land applied that are land applied

• Evaluate the movement of Evaluate the movement of those viruses through those viruses through groundwatergroundwater

• Compare aerobic & anaerobic Compare aerobic & anaerobic biosolids using lysimeterbiosolids using lysimeter

Upper Penninsula Public Upper Penninsula Public Relations TeamRelations Team

• 18 communities land apply

• 2 communities landfill

• 3 communities apply out of MI

• U.P averages 1900 tons/year

U.P. UpgradesU.P. Upgrades• Gladstone

new 500,000 gallon storage tank purchased property for forest application

• Escanaba - Continues their excellent forest application program

• Menominee is in the process of bidding out for additional storage

• Lanse, Norway, Newberry, Portage Lake have self application programs

• Ironwood and Iron Mountain apply to the Packer land

Marquette WWTP UpgradeMarquette WWTP Upgrade• Marquette is in the process of a $16,000,000 plant upgrade project

• SRF Funding Replacing RBC technology with an activated sludge process SCADA, Thickening, Digester rehab, Chemical system, Bio-P capabilities

• Completion October 27, 2008 (12:00 p.m.)

Kevin Chandler, Vice PresidentBiotech Agronomicskchandler@biotechag.com231-325-5011616-821-5850 cell