michelangelo know your italian high renaissance artists...
TRANSCRIPT
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LeonardoMichelangeloRaphaelTitian
PalladioBramante
Know Your ItalianHigh Renaissance Artists…
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Leonardo was the quintessential “Renaissance Man”, studying all types of subjects. He was an Artist, Sculptor, Architect, Scientist, Engineer and Inventor.
Worked as an apprentice to Verrocchio
Self-Portrait drawing, c1512.
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Leonardo Da Vinci, “Virgin of the Rocks” 1485. Oil on wood (transferred to canvas),
approx. 6’3” x 3’7”. Louvre Paris.
Triangular Composition
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Leonardo Da Vinci, “Virgin of the Rocks” 1485. Oil on wood (transferred to canvas),
approx. 6’3” x 3’7”. Louvre Paris.
Triangular Composition
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16th Century High Italian Renaissance Excerpts from da Vinci’s Notebook
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16th Century High Italian Renaissance Excerpts from da Vinci’s Notebook
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16th Century High Italian Renaissance Excerpts from da Vinci’s Notebook
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16th Century High Italian Renaissance Excerpts from da Vinci’s Notebook
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16th Century High Italian Renaissance Excerpts from da Vinci’s Notebook
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16th Century High Italian Renaissance Excerpts from da Vinci’s Notebook
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Despite it’s ruined state and its restorations, this piece is by far the most impressive of Leonardo’s works. Christ and his 12 disciples are seated at a
long table set parallel to the picture plan in a simple, spacious room. Leonardo amplified the painting’s highly dramatic action by placing the
group in an austere setting.
Christ appears isolated from the disciples, framed by the window behind him. It serves as a halo.
The artist took people out of his real life and used them as figures for his painting, but had problems
with Judas because he couldn’t find a significant figure for him. When he did finally paint him, he
portrayed him with his hand over a dish because of Christ’s foretelling that “he that dippeth his hand
with me into the dish, he shall betray me” refering to Judas’ betrayal. He is also leaning back from
Christ and in a shadow. Christ was the last to be painted.
Leonardo Da Vinci The Last Supper. ca. 1495-1498. Fresco.
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16th Century High Italian Renaissance Leonardo Da Vinci. The Last Supper.
Divine THREEs: Trinity & Theological VirtuesEarthly FOURs: Elements & Cardinal Virtues
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16th Century High Italian Renaissance Other Last Supper renditions
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16th Century High Italian Renaissance Other Last Supper renditions
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16th Century High Italian Renaissance Other Last Supper renditions
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16th Century High Italian Renaissance Other Last Supper renditions
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16th Century High Italian Renaissance Other Last Supper renditions
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Leonardo Da Vinci, “Mona Lisa” ca. 1503-1505.
Oil on wood, approx 2’6” x 1’9”. Louvre, Paris.
World’s most famous portrait. Leonardo took three years to
finish the portrait and it is said to be of Lisa di Antonio Maria
Gherardini, the wife of a wealthy Florentine. It was his favorite
piece – so much so that Leonardo kept it for years.
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“Portrait of Ginerva Benci”, Oil on Wood, 1474-76. “Virgin of the Rocks”, 1485. Oil on wood..
Other important works by da Vinci
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16th Century High Italian Renaissance Michelangelo, David 1501-1504.
In 1501, the city of Florence asked Michelangelo to work a great block of marble,
called “The Giant,” left over from an earlier aborted mission.
From this stone, David was sculpted, the defiant hero of the Florentine republic and, in
so doing, assured his reputation then and now as an extraordinary talent.
David’s formal references to classical antiquity appealed to Julius II, who
associated himself with humanists and with Roman emperors. Thus, this sculpture and
the fame that accrued to Michelangelo on its completion called the artist to the pope’s
attention, leading to major papal commissions.
The artist chose to depict David not after victory, but turning his head to his left, sternly
watchful of the approaching foe. His whole muscular body, as well as his face, is tense
with gathering power.
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Michelangelo, DavidGalleria dell’Academia, Florence, Italy 1501-1504
Michelangelo worked for the Medici family in Florence
Claimed to have taught himself to carve marble by studying the Medici collection of classical statues
Michelangelo, David 1501-1504.
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It’s a larger than life sculpture, the height of David reaches over 13 feet tall. It’s also sculpted in
perspective (top heavy), so if viewed from below the figure looks proportional. Contrapposto or a
weight shift is also apparent in this sculpture.
Michelangelo, David 1501-1504.
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16th Century High Italian Renaissance Exterior of Sistine Chapel
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Pope Julius II gave the reluctant Michelangelo the commission to paint the
ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.
Michelangelo faced enormous difficulties: relative inexperience in fresco technique,
large dimensions, height above pavement, and perspective.
Depicting the most august themes of all, the Creation, Fall, and Redemption of
humanity, Michelangelo spread a colossal decorative theme with over 300
figures.
A long sequence of narrative panels describing the creation, as recorded in
the biblical book Genesis, runs along the crown of the vault.
The hebrew prophets who foretold the coming of Christ appear seated in large
thrones on both sides of the central row.
Michelangelo, Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, 1508-12
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Michelangelo, Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, Rome, 1508-1512.
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Michelangelo, The Creation of Man (Adam),Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, Rome, 1508-1512.
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Michelangelo, Adam and Even Expelled from Eden,Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, Rome, 1508-1512.
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Michelangelo, The Flood,Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, Rome, 1508-1512.
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MichelangeloCeiling of the
Sistine ChapelRome, Italy 1508-1512
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MichelangeloThe Last Judgment Fresco
Sistine Chapel, Italy1541.
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MichelangeloThe Delphic SibylCeiling of the Sistine Chapel, Italy1508-1512.
Michelangelo's Delphic Sibyl (1508-12) is the most beautiful and youthful of the five sibyls depicted on the Sistine ceiling. The sibyls were female seers from antiquity who were thought to have predicted the coming of Christ, and this sibyl appears startled as she turns her head away from her prophetic scroll and gazes into the future.
The Delphic Sibyl was the voice of Apollo, the greek god of music, poetry, prophecy, and medicine, and it has been suggested that the four colors in her garments represent Earth, Water, Fire, and Air -- the basic elements of life.
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Biago da Cesena(the Pope’s Master of Ceremonies) painted
as Minos, Ruler of Hell
When the Pope's own Master of Ceremonies Biagio da Cesena said "it was mostly
disgraceful that in so sacred a place there should have been depicted all those nude
figures, exposing themselves so shamefully, and that it was no work for a papal chapel but
rather for the public baths and taverns,“
Michelangelo worked da Cesena's semblance into the scene as Minos, judge of the
underworld. It is said that when he complained to the Pope, the pontiff responded that his
jurisdiction did not extend to hell, so the portrait would have to remain.
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16th Century High Italian Renaissance Michelangelo, Tomb of Pope Julius II
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Michelangelo, Moses 1513-1515
Commissioned by Pope Julius II as part of his immense tomb, (which was never completed as planned…Julius used more funds to the building of St. Peter’s)
Horns on head were traditionally meant to be divine, but scripture may have meant that Moses was “radiant”, not “horned”.
Inspired by Greek Hellenistic sculpture Laocoon & Sons
Michelangelo, Tomb of Pope Julius II
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Michelangelo, Pietà,c1500, Marble, 5’8.5”.
A Pietà is the Virgin Mary holding and mourning dead ChristItalian for “compassion”
Popular in Northern Europe, but rare in Italy
Made by Michelangelo when he was 24
Only major work that has Michelangelo’s signature on it (on the strap across her chest)
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Latin for “Michelangelo Buonarroti Made This”
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The marble sculpture is encased in bullet-proof glass inside St.
Peter’s in Rome.
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Bramante, Tempietto, 1505.HIGH ITALIAN RENAISSANCE
Shortly after Bramante left Milan for Rome, he received a commission from King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of
Spain to build a small shrine to mark the site of St. Peter’s crucifixion.
Bramante chose to design a circular temple. The Tempietto (or “little
temple”) captures Classical Roman ideals: a circular cella and simple
mathematical ratios.
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Sixteen Doric columns surround the cella. The distance between
the columns is four times their diameter.
Layout of Bramante’s Tempietto
Bramante, Tempietto, 1505.HIGH ITALIAN RENAISSANCE
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Bramante, Tempietto, 1505.HIGH ITALIAN RENAISSANCE
Sixteen Doric columns surround the cella. The distance between
the columns is four times their diameter.
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1506
1514
1546
Bramante designs a Greek-Cross plan for a new St. Peter’s to replace the old church.
Bramante dies, and the building of the church is put on hold for over 30 years.
Michelangelo becomes Chief Architect for the building of St. Peter’s… built up to the dome.
A Brief History ofSt. Peter’s in Rome…
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16th Century High Italian Renaissance Doors into St. Peter’s
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16th Century High Italian Renaissance Inside St. Peter’s of Rome
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16th Century High Italian Renaissance 1630 Painting of St. Peter’s
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16th Century High Italian Renaissance St. Peter’s at Night
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Vatican guards at St. Peter’s are always Swiss and still
wear the traditional uniforms originally designed by
Michelangelo!
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Palladio, Villa Rotunda, 1566, HIGH ITALIAN RENAISSANCE
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From Palladio’sFour Books of Architecture