michael krüger © omicron new tools for diagnostic measurements on electical rotating machines
TRANSCRIPT
Michael Krüger © OMICRON
NEW TOOLS FOR DIAGNOSTIC MEASUREMENTS ON ELECTICAL ROTATING MACHINES
Annual Convention 2014 – Eilat, Israel 2
New Tools for Diagnostic Measurements on Rotating Electrical Machines
• Introduction
• Insulation Resistance and the Polarisation Index (PI)
• Dielectric Response
• Capacitance and Dielectric Dissipation (Power) Factor
• Partial Discharge (PD) Measurement
• Online PD Measurements on a 330MVA Hydro Generator
• PD Location
• Case Study - Measurements on a Hydro Generator
Annual Convention 2014 – Eilat, Israel 3
Sources of Insulation Damages
Source: Brütsch et al. "Insulation Failure Mechanisms of Power Generators", DEIS July/August 2008
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A: small voids on edge
B: delamination: winding – main insulation
C: delamination of tape layers
D: treeing in layers
E: broken strands
G: micro voids
F: slot discharge, semicon paint abrasion
H: Discharges in Cooling Duct
I: Delamination of Insulation in Elbow
J: endwinding surface discharge - contamination
K: Insufficient Spacing, Tracking
L: Connection area between slot corona protection and endwinding corona protection
Electrical Failures
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New Tools for Diagnostic Measurements on Rotating Electrical Machines
• Introduction
• Insulation Resistance and the Polarisation Index (PI)
• Dielectric Response
• Capacitance and Dielectric Dissipation (Power) Factor
• Partial Discharge (PD) Measurement
• Online PD Measurements on a 330MVA Hydro Generator
• PD Location
• Case Study - Measurements on a Hydro Generator
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Insulation Resistance Measurement
Measurement Time Current
U-VWE 60 s25.9809 nA
Measurement Time Current
U-VWE 600s 3.7637 nA
PI = 25.98 / 3.76 = 6.9
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Time Constant
dry
humid
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New Tools for Diagnostic Measurements on Rotating Electrical Machines
• Introduction
• Insulation Resistance and the Polarisation Index (PI)
• Dielectric Response
• Capacitance and Dielectric Dissipation (Power) Factor
• Partial Discharge (PD) Measurement
• Online PD Measurements on a 330MVA Hydro Generator
• PD Location
• Case Study - Measurements on a Hydro Generator
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Dielectric ResponseCombination of PDC and FDS
Cu
rre
nt
[nA
]
Zeit [s]
Trans-formation
Frequency [Hz]
Ve
rlust
fakt
or
0,0010,001
1
1000
10001
100
1
Frequenz [Hz]
Tan
De
lta
1000
1
0,0010,1
1. f > 0,1 Hz
Frequency Domain
2. f < 0,1 Hz
Time Domain
3. Transformation of the Time
Domain Data into the
Frequency Domain
Polarisations- und DepolarisationsstromPDC
Frequency Domain Spectroscopy FDS
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FDS / PDC Measurement
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FDS / PDC Measurement with 2 Channels
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New Tools for Diagnostic Measurements on Rotating Electrical Machines
• Introduction
• Insulation Resistance and the Polarisation Index (PI)
• Dielectric Response
• Capacitance and Dielectric Dissipation (Power) Factor
• Partial Discharge (PD) Measurement
• Online PD Measurements on a 330MVA Hydro Generator
• PD Location
• Case Study - Measurements on a Hydro Generator
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Measurement of Dielectric Losses
Dielectric losses in insulating systems (tan )conducting losses (tan C)
polarization losses (tan P)
partial discharge losses (tan PD)
tan = tan C + tan P + tan PD
Dielectric losses: tan = f (U)
Tip-Up Test according to IEEE 286 ΔTan-Delta Test according to IEC 60894
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Test Setup C-Tan-Delta Measurement
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New Tools for Diagnostic Measurements on Rotating Electrical Machines
• Introduction
• Insulation Resistance and the Polarisation Index (PI)
• Dielectric Response
• Capacitance and Dielectric Dissipation (Power) Factor
• Partial Discharge (PD) Measurement
• Online PD Measurements on a 330MVA Hydro Generator
• PD Location
• Case Study - Measurements on a Hydro Generator
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PD Fault in Head Windings
VATech Hydro Austria
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Cross-Coupling in the Stator Winding
• CORE
CORE
L1 L2
L3 neutral
• 3 2 1 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 36 35 34 33 32
EE
H
• PD
• Capacitive Coupling• Inductive Coupling• Capacitive & Inductive Coupling• Capacitive Coupling• Inductive Coupling
• Capacitive & Inductive Coupling to the coils of the same phase
Capacitive & Inductive Coupling to the coils of other two phases
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PD Measurement with 3 Synchronous Channels
L1
L2
L3
L1
L2
L3
Inner PD source L1>L2>L3
3PARD
• timeframe 1
µs
Interne TE Quelle in der L1 Wicklung
3PARD = 3 Phase Amplitude Related Diagram
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Synchronous 4-Channel PD Measurement Phase U1-U2
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Channel 1 = U1
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Channel 2 = U2
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Channel 3 = V1
Channel 4 = W1
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Synchronous 4-Channel PD Measurement without Filtering
U1 U2
V W
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3PARD
3PARD = 3 Phase Amplidude Related Diagram
or in this case:
3 Channel Amplitude Related Diagram
U1
U2V
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Synchronous 3-Channel PD Measurment with 3PARD Filtering - Cluster A
A
U1
U2
V
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Synchronous 3-Channel PD Measurment with 3PARD Filtering - Cluster B
B
U1
U2
V
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Simultaneous Measurement of PD, Capacitance and Tan Delta
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Simultaneous Measurement of PD, Capacitance and Tan Delta on U-VWE
C-tanδ und PD Levels + PRPD at 23 Voltage Levels in approx. 6 Minutes
Annual Convention 2014 – Eilat, Israel 32
New Tools for Diagnostic Measurements on Rotating Electrical Machines
• Introduction
• Insulation Resistance and the Polarisation Index (PI)
• Dielectric Response
• Capacitance and Dielectric Dissipation (Power) Factor
• Partial Discharge (PD) Measurement
• Online PD Measurements on a 330MVA Hydro Generator
• PD Location
• Case Study - Measurements on a Hydro Generator
Annual Convention 2014 – Eilat, Israel 33
Measurement SetupCoupling Capacitors
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PD Coupler
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PD Instruments connected to the Couplers
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PD Measurement without Filtering
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PD Measurement with 3PARD Filtering
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New Tools for Diagnostic Measurements on Rotating Electrical Machines
• Introduction
• Insulation Resistance and the Polarisation Index (PI)
• Dielectric Response
• Capacitance and Dielectric Dissipation (Power) Factor
• Partial Discharge (PD) Measurement
• Online PD Measurements on a 330MVA Hydro Generator
• PD Location
• Case Study - Measurements on a Hydro Generator
Annual Convention 2014 – Eilat, Israel 45
Generator
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Dielectric Response with FDS
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Dielectric Response with PDC
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Drying of the Winding with 250A
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Drying of the Winding with 250A
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Winding Resistance Measurement with 100A
0.0Ω
0.005Ω
0.01Ω
0.015Ω
0.02Ω
0.025Ω
0.03Ω
0.035Ω
0.04Ω
0.045Ω
0.05Ω
U
V
W
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Fault: Broken Soldered Joints
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Measurement of the Dielectric Response Before and After Drying (FDS - tanδ)
before drying
after drying
tanδ [%]
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Measurement of the Dielectric Response Before and After Drying (FDS - Capacitance)
before drying
after drying
c‘ [F]before drying: C’ (1mHz) / C (50Hz) = 14.3
after drying: C’ (1mHz) / C (50Hz) = 2.5
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Measurement of the Dielectric Response Before and After Drying (PDC)
before drying
after drying
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Dismounted Rotor
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Dirt in the End Windings
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Dirt in the End Windings
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After Cleaning the End Windings
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PD Test Phase U up to 6400V
Breakdown at 6400V
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Location of the Breakdown (Smoke with 2A)
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Lower or Upper Bar ? (I = 2A)
0.01A
2.04A
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Cutting out the Faulty Coil
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New Soldering Joints
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Insulated Soldering Joint
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Repaired Winding
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FDS Phase U – Before and After Repair
before repair and drying
before repair after drying
after repair
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FDS Phase U – Before and After Repair
before repair and drying
before repair after drying
after repair
