michael j. szott structural option duquesne university multipurpose facility duquesne university...
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Michael J. SzottStructural OptionDuquesne University Multipurpose Facility
Duquesne University Forbes ExpansionDuquesne University Forbes Expansion
Michael SzottMichael SzottStructural OptionStructural Option
Senior Thesis Senior Thesis PresentationPresentation
The Pennsylvania State University Spring Semester 2007
Michael J. SzottStructural OptionDuquesne University Multipurpose Facility
PresentationPresentation OutlineOutline
IntroductionIntroduction
Proposed AnalysisProposed Analysis
Structural Depth StudyStructural Depth Studyo Lateral system redesignLateral system redesigno Gravity system redesignGravity system redesign
Breadth StudiesBreadth Studieso AcousticsAcousticso Construction cost comparisonConstruction cost comparison
Conclusions and RecommendationsConclusions and Recommendations
Michael J. SzottStructural OptionDuquesne University Multipurpose Facility
LocationLocation
Michael J. SzottStructural OptionDuquesne University Multipurpose Facility
LocationLocation
Michael J. SzottStructural OptionDuquesne University Multipurpose Facility
Project OverviewProject Overview
Project TeamProject Teamo Duquesne UniversityDuquesne Universityo DRS ArchitectsDRS Architectso Jendoco ConstructionJendoco Constructiono Atlantic Engineering ServicesAtlantic Engineering Serviceso Dodson EngineeringDodson Engineeringo Hornfeck ElectricalHornfeck Electrical
Michael J. SzottStructural OptionDuquesne University Multipurpose Facility
Project OverviewProject Overview
Building StatisticsBuilding Statisticso Construction datesConstruction dates
o March 2006 – December 2007/January2008March 2006 – December 2007/January2008
o Building occupancyBuilding occupancyo Mixed Use – retail, student fitness, office, entertainmentMixed Use – retail, student fitness, office, entertainment
o Building sizeBuilding sizeo 7 stories – 125,000 sq. ft.7 stories – 125,000 sq. ft.
o Project costProject costo $24 million $24 million
Michael J. SzottStructural OptionDuquesne University Multipurpose Facility
Project OverviewProject Overview
Existing Structural SystemExisting Structural Systemo Gravity systemGravity system
o Composite steel constructionComposite steel construction
o Lateral systemLateral systemo Concentrically braced framesConcentrically braced frames
o FoundationsFoundationso Auger cast pilesAuger cast pileso Grade BeamsGrade Beams
Michael J. SzottStructural OptionDuquesne University Multipurpose Facility
Project OverviewProject Overview
Typical – Floors 1-3
Michael J. SzottStructural OptionDuquesne University Multipurpose Facility
Project OverviewProject Overview
Long Span Framing, Floors 4-5
Michael J. SzottStructural OptionDuquesne University Multipurpose Facility
Proposed AnalysisProposed Analysis
Lateral Resisting SystemLateral Resisting Systemo More efficient bracing scheme?More efficient bracing scheme?
Gravity System – Vibration AnalysisGravity System – Vibration Analysiso Intermixed activity spacesIntermixed activity spaceso Long span conditionsLong span conditions
Interior Acoustical PerformanceInterior Acoustical Performance
Impact on Construction Cost Impact on Construction Cost
Michael J. SzottStructural OptionDuquesne University Multipurpose Facility
Structural Depth: Lateral Structural Depth: Lateral RedesignRedesign
Lateral Bracing Lateral Bracing LocationsLocationsTypical FrameTypical Frame
Michael J. SzottStructural OptionDuquesne University Multipurpose Facility
Structural Depth: Lateral Structural Depth: Lateral RedesignRedesign
Three Alternate Bracing Three Alternate Bracing SchemesSchemes
o Modified concentric bracingModified concentric bracing
o Chevron bracingChevron bracing
o Alternating diagonals (K-Alternating diagonals (K-bracing)bracing)
Michael J. SzottStructural OptionDuquesne University Multipurpose Facility
Structural Depth: Lateral Structural Depth: Lateral RedesignRedesign
Design CriteriaDesign Criteriao IBC 2003IBC 2003o ASCE 7-02ASCE 7-02
Applied LoadsApplied Loadso DeadDeado LiveLiveo SnowSnowo WindWindo Seismic Seismic
IBC2003 section 1616.6 :
“analysis must be performed except when structures are assigned to Seismic Design Category A”
Michael J. SzottStructural OptionDuquesne University Multipurpose Facility
Structural Depth: Lateral Structural Depth: Lateral RedesignRedesign
Individual Frames: RAM AdvanseIndividual Frames: RAM Advanseo OptimizationOptimization
o Minimal WeightMinimal Weight
o Member checkMember checko Local BucklingLocal Buckling
Overall System: RAM FrameOverall System: RAM Frameo Drift checkDrift check
Michael J. SzottStructural OptionDuquesne University Multipurpose Facility
Structural Depth: Lateral Structural Depth: Lateral RedesignRedesign
Existing - Tension Existing - Tension OnlyOnly
Modified – Modified – Tension/CompresTension/Compres
sionsion
Chevron Chevron BracingBracing
““K” K” BracingBracing
LC: LC: DL+0.75LL+0.75WDL+0.75LL+0.75W
Michael J. SzottStructural OptionDuquesne University Multipurpose Facility
Structural Depth: Lateral Structural Depth: Lateral RedesignRedesign
Existing Frame DesignExisting Frame Designo HSS 6x4x1/4 – 8x4x5/8HSS 6x4x1/4 – 8x4x5/8o Columns: Columns: W14x53 – W14x53 –
132132o Beams: Beams: W33x118W33x118
Modified Ten. – CompModified Ten. – Comp..o HSS 4x3x1/4 – 9x7x1/4HSS 4x3x1/4 – 9x7x1/4o Columns: Columns: W14x53 – W14x53 –
211211o Beams:Beams: W33x118W33x118
Chevron BracingChevron Bracingo HSS 4x3x1/4 – 10x8x3/8HSS 4x3x1/4 – 10x8x3/8o Columns: Columns: W14x53 – W14x53 –
211211o Beams:Beams: W24x76W24x76
““K” BracingK” Bracingo HSS 4x3x1/4 – 12x10x1/2HSS 4x3x1/4 – 12x10x1/2o Columns: Columns: W10x45 – W10x45 –
W24x131W24x131o Beams:Beams: W33x118W33x118
Michael J. SzottStructural OptionDuquesne University Multipurpose Facility
Structural Depth: Lateral Structural Depth: Lateral RedesignRedesign
Chevron Bracing Chevron Bracing o Least weight of all systemsLeast weight of all systems
o Smallest frame beamsSmallest frame beamso Controlling deflection limits – L/600 or 0.3”Controlling deflection limits – L/600 or 0.3”
Bracing Layout HSS Braces Beams/Columns TotalsX-Bracing (T only) 46.5 198.7 245.2X-Bracing (T-C) 38.4 202.5 240.9Chevron Bracing 37.9 178.2 216.1
K-Bracing 37.4 192.4 229.8
Component weights
Lateral System Weight Comparison
Michael J. SzottStructural OptionDuquesne University Multipurpose Facility
Bracing Layout Drift @ HR Drift @ IR Drift @ 5th H/400 Existing 5.6 3.3 2.1 3.96
X-Bracing (T/C) 4.6 2.6 1.5 3.96Chevron Bracing 4.8 2.7 1.5 3.96
K-Bracing 5 2.9 1.6 3.96
Overall Building Drift (in.)
Structural Depth: Lateral Structural Depth: Lateral RedesignRedesign
Drift at High Roof LevelDrift at High Roof Level
Drift at Intermediate Roof LevelDrift at Intermediate Roof Level
Drift at 5Drift at 5thth Floor Level Floor Levelo Pedestrian bridgePedestrian bridge
Michael J. SzottStructural OptionDuquesne University Multipurpose Facility
Structural Depth: Gravity Structural Depth: Gravity RedesignRedesign
VibrationVibration Design: AISC Design Guide Design: AISC Design Guide 1111o Floor vibrations due to human activityFloor vibrations due to human activityo Criteria based on rhythmic activityCriteria based on rhythmic activity
o AerobicsAerobicso Dining and DancingDining and Dancing
o Serviceability issue – Serviceability issue – not strengthnot strengtho Design to avoid personal discomfortDesign to avoid personal discomfort
Michael J. SzottStructural OptionDuquesne University Multipurpose Facility
Structural Depth: Gravity Structural Depth: Gravity RedesignRedesign
Four Critical Spaces AnalyzedFour Critical Spaces Analyzedo 22ndnd floor Aerobic/Fitness areas floor Aerobic/Fitness areaso 33rdrd floor gymnasium (typical bays) floor gymnasium (typical bays)o 44thth floor gymnasium (long spans) floor gymnasium (long spans)o 55thth floor ballroom (long spans) floor ballroom (long spans)
o Designed for partially loaded baysDesigned for partially loaded bayso Modified constant “k” usedModified constant “k” used
Michael J. SzottStructural OptionDuquesne University Multipurpose Facility
Structural Depth: Gravity Structural Depth: Gravity RedesignRedesign
Acceleration LimitsAcceleration Limits
Dancing/Dining Dancing/Dining 0.02g0.02g
Aerobics only Aerobics only 0.06g0.06g
Gymnasium 0.10g-Gymnasium 0.10g-0.15g0.15g
(i.e. basketball, etc…)(i.e. basketball, etc…)
Michael J. SzottStructural OptionDuquesne University Multipurpose Facility
Structural Depth: Gravity Structural Depth: Gravity RedesignRedesign
Michael J. SzottStructural OptionDuquesne University Multipurpose Facility
Structural Depth: Gravity Structural Depth: Gravity RedesignRedesign
Existing Fitness FramingExisting Fitness Framingo 20’8” span20’8” span
o Beams: W12x16 @ 7’ o.c.Beams: W12x16 @ 7’ o.c.o Girders: W16x31 (21’0”)Girders: W16x31 (21’0”)
o 31’4” span31’4” spano Beams: W18x40 @ 7’ o.c.Beams: W18x40 @ 7’ o.c.o Girders: W18x35 (21’0”)Girders: W18x35 (21’0”)
Span fn(act) 1st Harmonic 2nd Harmonic ap/g (%g) ao/g (%g)
20' 8" 8.48 5.38 8.03 0.051 0.0631' 4" 5.18 5.38 8.03 0.45 0.06
fn(reqd) (Hz)
Michael J. SzottStructural OptionDuquesne University Multipurpose Facility
Structural Depth: Gravity Structural Depth: Gravity RedesignRedesign
New Fitness FramingNew Fitness Framingo 31’4” span31’4” span
o Beams: W21x83 @ 7’ o.c.Beams: W21x83 @ 7’ o.c.o Girders: W21x83 (21’0”)Girders: W21x83 (21’0”)
Span fn(act) 1st Harmonic 2nd Harmonic ap/g (%g) ao/g (%g)
20' 8" 8.48 5.38 8.03 0.051 0.06
fn(reqd) (Hz)
Michael J. SzottStructural OptionDuquesne University Multipurpose Facility
Structural Depth: Gravity Structural Depth: Gravity RedesignRedesign
Michael J. SzottStructural OptionDuquesne University Multipurpose Facility
Structural Depth: Gravity Structural Depth: Gravity RedesignRedesign
Existing Ballroom Existing Ballroom FramingFramingo 79’6” span79’6” span
o Beams: W36x210 @ 7’ o.c.Beams: W36x210 @ 7’ o.c.o Girders: W27x84 (21’0”)Girders: W27x84 (21’0”)
o Criteria not metCriteria not met
fn(act) fn(reqd) ap/g (%g) ao/g (%g)
3.89 5.4 0.105 0.02
Michael J. SzottStructural OptionDuquesne University Multipurpose Facility
Structural Depth: Gravity Structural Depth: Gravity RedesignRedesign
Ballroom RedesignBallroom Redesigno Departure from Design Guide 11Departure from Design Guide 11
o Partial loading vs. Fully loaded baysPartial loading vs. Fully loaded bays
Michael J. SzottStructural OptionDuquesne University Multipurpose Facility
Structural Depth: Gravity Structural Depth: Gravity RedesignRedesign
New Ballroom FramingNew Ballroom Framingo ConventionalConventional
o Beams: W40x372 @ 7’ o.c.Beams: W40x372 @ 7’ o.c.o Girders: W30x90 (21’0”)Girders: W30x90 (21’0”)
o Castellated BeamsCastellated Beamso Modified wide flange sectionsModified wide flange sectionso Lighter and more stiffLighter and more stiffo EconomicalEconomical
Michael J. SzottStructural OptionDuquesne University Multipurpose Facility
Structural Depth: Gravity Structural Depth: Gravity RedesignRedesign
Castellated Ballroom Castellated Ballroom FramingFramingo 79’6” span79’6” span
o Beams: CB50x221 @ 7’ o.c.Beams: CB50x221 @ 7’ o.c.o Girders: W27x84 (21’0”)Girders: W27x84 (21’0”)
fn(act) fn(reqd) ap/g (%g) ao/g (%g)
5.4 5.4 0.019 0.02
Michael J. SzottStructural OptionDuquesne University Multipurpose Facility
Structural Depth: Gravity Structural Depth: Gravity RedesignRedesign
Overall Effects of New FramingOverall Effects of New Framingo Lighter gravity systemLighter gravity systemo Reduced clear height in both gym spacesReduced clear height in both gym spaceso Improved vibrational performanceImproved vibrational performanceo Cost?Cost?
Floor Use (Floor #) Existing AlternateBallroom (5th) 428.9 406.2Gym (4th) 377.5 321.9Gym (3rd) 127.4 162.8Aerobic (2nd) 132.2 153.8Totals 1066 1044.7
Framing Weight (kips)
Michael J. SzottStructural OptionDuquesne University Multipurpose Facility
Breadth Study: Breadth Study: Construction CostConstruction Cost
Castellated SectionsCastellated Sectionso Less material, reduced material costLess material, reduced material costo 2 man hours to convert from wide flange to castellated2 man hours to convert from wide flange to castellated
o “…“…in general, spans longer than 40’ can recoup these in general, spans longer than 40’ can recoup these costs.”costs.”
- Billy Milligan, VP of CMC Steel Products- Billy Milligan, VP of CMC Steel Products
DeliveryDeliveryo From Hope, ARFrom Hope, AR
o Distance: Distance: 1015 miles1015 mileso Cost: Cost: $65,500$65,500
Michael J. SzottStructural OptionDuquesne University Multipurpose Facility
Breadth Study: Breadth Study: Construction CostConstruction Cost
Floor No. Material/Fabrication Labor/Delivery Totals2 $148,817.05 $10,943.67 $159,760.723 $143,289.60 $11,070.40 $154,360.004 $453,475.10 $10,612.77 $464,087.875 $452,528.50 $9,665.95 $462,194.45
$1,240,403.04
Floor No. Material/Fabrication Labor/Delivery Totals2 $173,202.95 $11,216.79 $184,419.743 $183,722.60 $11,112.59 $194,835.194 $357,415.10 $28,596.20 $386,011.305 $458,540.10 $36,454.99 $494,995.09
$1,260,261.32
Existing Gravity Framing per Floor (not including O+P)
Alternate Gravity Framing per Floor (not including O+P)
Material savings, Material savings, greater than fabrication greater than fabrication costscosts
Delivery costs drive Delivery costs drive more expensive systemmore expensive system
Michael J. SzottStructural OptionDuquesne University Multipurpose Facility
Breadth Study: Breadth Study: Construction CostConstruction Cost
Lateral FramesLateral Frameso Structural tubing more expensive than wide flange Structural tubing more expensive than wide flange
sectionssectionso Fabrication and connection costsFabrication and connection costs
o Chevrons bracing: least material = least costChevrons bracing: least material = least costo Frame beams considerably smallerFrame beams considerably smaller
Lateral System Material/Fabrication Labor TotalsExisting Frames $313,054.75 $13,660.18 $326,714.93Alt.#1: Concentric $324,612.25 $13,710.44 $338,322.69Alt #2: Chevron $282,774.40 $12,160.28 $294,934.68Alt #3: "K" Bracing $347,034.25 $10,364.08 $357,398.33
Lateral System Cost Comparison (not including O+P)
Michael J. SzottStructural OptionDuquesne University Multipurpose Facility
Conclusions and Conclusions and RecommendationsRecommendations
A chevron bracing scheme offers a A chevron bracing scheme offers a reduction in weight and materialreduction in weight and material
Redesigning the lateral system will save Redesigning the lateral system will save on material costson material costs
Castellated beams improve floor vibrations Castellated beams improve floor vibrations and decrease floor weight over long spansand decrease floor weight over long spans
Gravity system costs increase slightlyGravity system costs increase slightly
Suggested improvements are cost feasible Suggested improvements are cost feasible
Michael J. SzottStructural OptionDuquesne University Multipurpose Facility
Questions??Questions??
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