michael cramer mep the iron curtain trail · the ‘iron curtain trail’ «sustainable mobility as...
TRANSCRIPT
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The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’
«Sustainable mobility as a European “peace” project»
Michael Cramer MEP
Presentation by Michael Cramer
Joensuu, February 7th 2020
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The EuroVelo Network1. Atlantic Coast Route
2. Capitals Route
3. Pilgrims Route
4. Central Europe Route
5. Via Romea Francigena
6. Atlantic – Black Sea
7. Sun Route
8. Mediterranean Route
9. Baltic - Adriatic
10. Baltic Sea Cycle Route
11. East Europe Route
12. North Sea Cycle Route
13. Iron Curtain Trail
15. Rhine Route
17. Rhone Cycle Route
19. Meuse Cycle Route
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Facts & figures
A cross-cutting sector, the 3rd largest economic activity in the EU (after Distribution and Construction)
Involves a big diversity of services and professions
Mainly dominated by SMEs
Socio-economic importance of tourism:
• 5% of the EU GDP
• 5.2% of the total labour force
• 10 million jobs
But with the related sectors:
• 10% of the EU GDP
• 12% of the total labour force
• 24 million jobs
Tourism policy
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Bicycle tourism
• Since several decades an increase of 20% per year
• The infrastructure on the coast is then used for ten months
• The loipes for Skiing is used for the cycle route as well
• Bicycle tourists spend 35 € a day, car tourists only 10 € and therefore support the local economy
• Investment costs for bicycle infrastructure are low while benefits are high
• Finnish study (Helsinki): For one invested Euro, the return is eight (!) times more
• Example of the Danube cycle route: After signposting an increase from 500 cycle tourists in 2008 to 13 000 in 2012
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Cycling is very environmentally friendly
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Cycling is very healthy
Non-cyclists are three times more ill than cyclists
Cyclists live five years longer than non-cyclists
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Cycle tourism has also a big economic effect
Cycle industry creates 700.000 jobs
• more than in coal mines
• more than in steel production
In 2020 it would be 1 Million jobs
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11/20/12
39 billion Euro44 billion Euro
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Cycle tourism in Brandenburg
23% of all tourists in Brandenburg
are cycle tourists
Positive for the local economy and for small and medium-sized enterprises
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from the Barents Sea to the Black Sea
along the Western border of the former
Warsaw Pact states
10,000 kilometers
through 20 countries, 15 are now EU
Member States
A ride through
European History
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as close as possible to the former border
as comfortable as possible
avoiding highly frequented roads
frequently crossing the former border
integrating numerous historic monuments
The route
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A European project
“The Iron Curtain Trail should be supported as an example of Soft Mobility and as a symbol of the
reunification of Europe.”
European Parliament resolution from 8th of September 2005 on
“New prospects and new challenges for sustainable European tourism
with a large majority of all the countries and all the political groups
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Workshops to the project
Transnational Workshops by the European Commission in 2009 and 2010
with all the 20 countries involved:
Warsaw
Sopron (Hungary)
Sofia
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160 km around former West-
Berlin
The model: the „Berlin Wall Trail“
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The Brandenburg Gate 1961 / 1989
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Memorials for the victims of the Wall
Peter Fechter Chris Gueffroy
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Premiere: After 28 years you could cross the border by bike
Cross border Heinrich-Heine-Straße (12.11.1989)
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“The Berlin Wall tours“ - discovering the former
border strip
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The Berlin Wall Trail in German…
…and in English.
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The Northern Part
Russian-Norwegian border
Russian-Finnish border
and the Baltic Coast in:
Russia
Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania
Kaliningrad exclave
Poland
the former GDR
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The Northern Part
Norway: Starting point at Grense Jakobselv on the Norwegian-Russian border
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The Northern Part
Grense Jakobselv: Town near the border to Russia
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The Northern Part
Norway: Starting point at Grense Jakobselv and oldest building in Norwegian
Finmark (Orthodox church in Neiden from 1565)
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Norway: Kirkenes Norway: Near Kirkenes
The Northern Part
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The Northern PartPilola Trail
Alternative
from Kirkenes
via Nellim to
Ivalo
In winter it is
possible – but
not in summer,
too swampy
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Finland: Oncoming traffic in Lapland
The Northern Part
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Finland: Common Memorial at the Winter War in
Suomussalmi, 105 clocks – one for each day,
One stone block for each killed inhabitant
The Northern Part
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The Northern Part
Finland: Border near Ala Vuokki Finland: Jyränkoski memorial
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Russia: Memorial to Second World War in Sestoretsk
The Northern Part
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Russia: Vyborg with castle and
Fyodor Apraksin Monument
Russia: Winter Palace (Eremitage)
in St. Petersburg
The Northern Part
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Estonia: The Narva river marks
the EU border with Russia
The Northern Part
Estonia: Tallinn
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The Northern Part
Baltics: Citizen chain from Tallinn via Riga to Vilnius on 23.08.1989
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Latvia: Museum of Occupation in
RigaLatvia: Freedom Monument in
Riga
The Northern Part
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Latvia: Holocaust-memorial as “seven-lamp (Menorah)" nearby Liepaja
The Northern Part
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Latvia: Excellent bicycle route on the beach close to Jurmala
The Northern Part
Lithuania: Paved cycle route on the Courland Split
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Lithuania: Thomas Mann‘s summer cottage on the Courland Split in Nida
Lithuania: Klaipeda (Memel)Simon-Dach-fountain with Ännchen von Tharau
The Northern Part
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The Northern Part
Kaliningrad: Kant Memorial Kaliningrad: the Cathedral
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The Northern Part
Poland: City center of
GdańskPoland: Solidarność memorial in
Gdańsk
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Poland/Germany: Świna riverPoland: Train station in Świnoujście
The Northern Part
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Through Central Europe
The former German-German border
and the borders between
Czech Republic - Germany
- Austria
Slovakia - Austria
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Before 1989: The Baltic Sea near
Priwall at Lübeck-Travemünde
After 1989: The open border near
Priwall at Lübeck-Travemünde
Through Central Europe
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Before 1989: A border patrol boat
near Bleckede
After 1989: A ferry-service near
Bleckede
Through Central Europe
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Before 1989: Lindewerra with
watch tower and broken bridgeAfter 1989: Lindewerra with the
bridge instead of a watch tower
Through Central Europe
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Point Alpha: Former death strip
with US and Soviet watchtowerPoint Alpha: Remnants of the
border fence in the open-air museum
Through Central Europe
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Through Central Europe
Point Alpha with the two watchtowers and the Iron Curtain
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Before 1989: Görsdorf with the
death strip
After 1989: Nature is back again in
Görsdorf
Through Central Europe
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Before 1989: Mödlareuth then
called „Little Berlin“ with the wallAfter 1989: Mödlareuth today
without the wall
Through Central Europe
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Along the border between...
Hungary - Austria
- Slovenia
- Croatia
- Serbia
Romania - Serbia
Bulgaria - Serbia
- North Macedonia
- Greece
- Turkey
The Southern Part
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Czech Republic: Memorial near
Svätý Kríž
Czech Republic: The Iron Curtain
near Cheb (around 1980)
The Southern Part
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Czechia: Sculpture close to the border near Dolní Hraničná
The Southern Part
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Slovakia: Remnants of the
barbed wire
The Southern Part
Austria: Iron Curtain Memorial
near Guglwald
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Hungary: Alois Mock and Gyula Horn
cutting the fence on 27 June 1989
The Southern Part
Hungary: Open door
memorial in Sopron
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The Southern Part
Slovenia: Watch tower near Hodos Slovenia: Cultural center in Lendava
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Croatia: Watch tower near KapinciCroatia: Cycle path on the dam of the river Drava
The Southern Part
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Croatia: Monument of the 2. World War in Batina
Der südliche Teil
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Serbia: Tabula Traiana Romania: Decibal sculpture
The Southern Part
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Romania & Serbia:Trajan‘s Bridge on 19 arches and 20 pillars (105 A.D.)
The Southern Part
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Bulgaria: Watch tower near
HalovoSerbia: War Monument near Halovo
The Southern Part
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North Macedonia: The border near
Novo Selo without barbed wire
North Macedonia: Former border
post close to Novo Selo
The Southern Part
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North Macedonia: The former Yugoslavian watch tower nearby Novo Selo
Bulgaria: Watch tower on the bulgarian side nearby Novo Selo
The Southern Part
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Greece: Fort Roupel - Metaxas Line
The Southern Part
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Turkey: Bridge across Evros river, constructed between 1554-1560
The Southern Part
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Turkey: Selimiye Mosque (1575) in Edirne
with highest minarets of Turkey (71m)
The Southern Part
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The Southern Part
Bulgaria and Turkey: Old Iron Curtain
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The Southern Part
Bulgaria and Turkey: New Border Fence
New Border Fence between
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The Southern Part
Bulgarian and in Turkey: The watchtowers on the Black Sea
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EuroVelo Route No.13
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Iron Curtain Trail and European Green Belt
• Cooperation between the Iron Curtain Trail
and the European Green Belt
• Patron: Mikhail Gorbachev, president of
Green Cross International
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Patrons of the Iron Curtain Trail
Southern Part:
Václav Havel
Northern Part:
Lech Wałęsa
Central Part:
Marianne Birthler
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The Iron Curtain Trail on the Biennale in Venice 2018
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The Iron Curtain Trail in 2019 was certified as a Cultural Route of the Council of Europe
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The books
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Thank you for your attention!
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