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Miami Map Fair2017

“�e most important of all the Ptolemy editions”

PTOLEMAEUS, Claudius; Martin WALDESEEMULLER

Geographiae opus novissima traductione a Grecorum archetypis castigatissime pressum.

PublicationStrassburg, Johannes Schott, 12th March, 1513.

DescriptionFolio (456 by 320mm), (181) ff., with 45 double-page and 2 single-page maps, of which one, Lorraine, is printed in three colours, some light browning and occasional marginal staining, maps mounted on vellum guards; repaired tear to blank corner of A2, “Septima Asia” with neatly repaired tear affecting image, early ink marginalia to “Aphricae”, limp Italian vellum.

ReferencesPhillips 359; Nordenskiold 205 (incomplete); Sabin 66478; Shirley 34; Adams P2219.

$750,000.00

A monumental work containing critical New World information, derived from the latest voyages of exploration, including the earliest atlas map devoted entirely to the New World (‘Terra Incognita’), the earliest map printed in more than two colours - and, for many other countries, the �rst published maps (notably the map of Switzerland, which is styled di�erently and probably adapted from a manuscript map by Konrad Türst c.1495). It is, “�e most important of all the Ptolemy editions” (Streeter).

Contents�is masterful atlas is one of the most important cartographical works ever published. Known as the �rst ‘modern’ edition of Ptolemy, it is usually accepted as the most important edition of the ‘Geographia’. �e �rst part of the atlas consists of 27 Ptolemaic maps, taken from the 1482 Ulm Ptolemy or, possibly, the manuscript atlas of Nicolaus Germanus upon which the Ulm Ptolemy was based. �e second part comprises 20 new ‘modern maps’ labelled either as ‘Nova’ or ‘Moderna et Nova’. Of these, ‘Orbis Typis Universalis’ and ‘Tabula Terre Nova,’ show the New World. �e latter is considered the earliest map devoted entirely to the subject and depicts the coast of America in a continuous line from the northern latitude of 55 degrees to Rio de Cananor at the southern latitude of 35 degrees, with about 60 places named. �e other map, ‘Orbis Typis’ depicts the outline of northeastern South America, with �ve names along that coast, the islands Isabella and Spagnolla, and another fragmentary coast, as well as an outline of Greenland. �e text states that the New World maps are based upon geographical information obtained from ‘the Admiral’; possibly a reference to Vespucci, Cabral, or Columbus. �e latter is actually referred to by name on the ‘Tabula Terre Nova’ map, and is described as a Genoese sailing under command of the King of Castile.

HistoryTwo scholars based at the Gymnasium Vosagense in Saint-Dié, Martin Waldseemüller and Mathias Ringmann, began work on the 20 maps in the Supplement around the year 1505. �eir work was initially conducted under the patronage of Duke René II of Lorraine (1451-1508). In a letter written to Johann Amerbach of Basel on April 7, 1507, Waldseemüller wrote:

“I think you know already that I am on the point to print in the town of St. Dié the Cosmography of Ptolemy, after having added some new maps.”

Further, Stevens reports that, early in 1507, a book titled ‘Speculi Orbis … Declaratio’ by Gaultier Lud, canon of Saint Dié, was published in Strasbourg. �at work states:

“1. that a �gure of the unknown country recently discovered by the King of Portugal has been hurriedly prepared; 2. that a more detailed and exact representation of that coast would be seen in the new edition of Ptolemy; 3. that the new edition of Ptolemy would soon be prepared” (see C. Schmidt, ‘Mattias Ringmann-Philesius, Humaniste alsacien et lorrain,’ Mémoires de la Societé d’Archéologie’ lorraine 3 (1875): 227; for Stevens’ quotation, see Stevens ‘First Delineation’, p.33).

�e new Latin translation of the text by Mathias Ringman was based on d’Angelo’s text, and appears to have been completed somewhat after the maps. In 1508 Waldseemüller’s and Ringmann’s patron died. In the same year, all of the materials for the atlas passed into the hands of two Strassburg citizens, Jacob Aeschler and George Uebelin, who edited the text and at whose expense the work was, �nally, completed in 1513 with Johann Schott as printer.

1

ORTELIUS, Abraham

L’Epitome du Theatre de l’Univers d’Abraham Ortelius.

PublicationAntwerp, Jan Baptist Vrients, 1609.

DescriptionOblong 8vo (115 by 170mm), engraved title page, 137 engraved maps, all with fine original full-wash colour, loss to lower part of title and upper part of A3 skilfully repaired, contemporary vellum over boards, title in manuscript at the head of the spine.

ReferencesVan der Krogt 333:02B.

$20,000.00

Fine example of Ortelius’s miniature atlas with original colour

A �ne example of Ortelius’s miniature atlas. �e “pocket edition” of Ortelius’ ‘�eatrum Orbis Terrarum’ was the �rst response to the demand for cheaper atlases.” (van der Krogt) �e idea of a miniature atlas was the brainchild of the engraver of Filips Galle (1537-1612). He published his �rst atlas in 1577, some seven years after Ortelius work �rst appeared. �e work consisted of 73 maps, and had an accompanying rhyming vernacular text. �e work proved hugely popular and a following twelve editions in Dutch, French, English, and Latin, were published by Galle between 1578 and 1601. Galle’s domination of the miniature atlas market was challenged by the Antwerp bookseller Jan van Keerbergen (1586-?1624) who in 1601, published the �rst edition of the present work. Keerbergen commissioned Michael Coignet (1549-1623) to write a new text. All the maps in the atlas are new, and were based upon the maps in Galle’s Epitome of 1601. �e map, engraved by Ambrosius and Ferdinand Arenius, are better executed than Galle’s, and feature both latitude and longitude lines to their borders. �e work also incorporates a �nely engraved title page of an architectural facade with personi�cations of ‘Geographia’ and ‘Hydrographia’ to the left and right, a pair of globes, and a compass below, with seven cameos of notable cartographers above, named from left to right: Strabo, Plinius, Solinus, Ptolemaeus, Volaterranus, G. Mercator, and Ab. Ortelius. In 1604, Keerbergen sold the atlas to Jan Baptist Vrients, who had acquired the rights to Galle’s atlas in 1601. Vrients published one further edition of the atlas, the present work, in 1609.

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“�e southern Tycho”

ROYER, Augustin, and HALLEY, Edmond

Cartes du Ciel réduites en quatre tables, contenant toutes les constellations, avec un catalogue des noms, grandeurs & positions des estoilles, corrigées et calculées par longitudes & latitudes pour l’an 1700. En latin, le français à costé. [Together with] Catalogue des estoilles australes ou supplément du catalogue de Tycho qui montre les longitudes & latitudes des estoilles fixes du Pôle Antartique, lesquelles ont été cahcées à Tycho dans l’horison d’Uranibourg, calculées aves un soin tres exact suivant leurs distances & corrigées jusque à la fin de l’année 1677. Avec les observations faites en l’ile de Sainte Hélène au 15 degré 55 minutes de latitude australe & 7 degré de longitude à l’Occident de Londres.

PublicationParis, Jean Baptiste Coignard, 1679.

DescriptionDuodecimo (140 by 75mm). The first work: (36), 223, (1) pp., four engraved folding charts. The second: (36), 118pp., one folding plate and one engraved folding chart. Contemporary calf, intriguingly bound to incorporate a stub to provide space for the loose folding plates.

ReferencesBasil Brown, Astronomical Atlases, Maps and Charts: An Historical and General Guide (London: Search, 1932), p.39; Nick Kanas, Star Maps: History, Artistry, and Cartography (Springer, 2007), pp.159-160; Jérôme de Lalande, Bibliographie Astronomique (1803) I, p.190; Library of the Earls of Macclesfield, Science A-C, Sotheby’s, London, 4th November 2004.

$130,000.00

�e �rst French edition, and the �rst in any vernacular language of Halley’s catalogue of stars in the southern hemisphere, here complete with the extremely rare celestial map, and bound together with Royer’s exceptionally rare star charts. Edmond Halley (1656-1742) became an assistant to John Flamsteed, the Astronomer Royal at the Greenwich Observatory, in 1675 and, among other things, was tasked with cataloguing the heavens and assigning every star a number. In 1676, Halley visited the south Atlantic island of Saint Helena and set up an observatory containing a large sextant with telescopic sights, in order to catalogue the stars of the southern hemisphere. While there he observed a transit of Mercury, and realised that a similar transit of Venus could be used to determine the absolute size of the Solar System. In 1679 Halley published the results from his observations on St. Helena in the present work, which includes details of 341 southern stars. �ese additions to contemporary star maps earned him the epithet “the southern Tycho” by Flamsteed. A comparison with the great Tycho Brahe was high praise indeed from a man with whom Halley did not always see eye-to-eye. As a result of this work Halley was awarded his M.A. degree at Oxford and elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society at the age of 22. “Halley gives a historical account of stellar catalogues, referring to the work of Flamsteed, Hevelius and Cassini, as well as providing a description of his voyage. He terms his catalogue a “supplementum catalogi tychonici”, as he derived his calculation from Brahe’s Historia Coelestis” (Maccles�eld Science A-C, lot 970). Halley’s work is here bound after Royer’s exceptionally rare celestial catalogue of 800 stars. �is work contains four celestial maps: two polar (extending approximately 23.5 degrees south or south respectively), and two centred on the summer and winter solstices, covering half of the zodiac from equinox to equinox along the ecliptic in an area ranging from 35 degrees north to 35 degrees south. Royer’s charts depict four constellations for the �rst time. Lilium (the Lily, in honour of Louis XIV, and representing the emblem of France); Sceptrum et Manus Justitiae (the Sceptre and the Hand of Justice); Columba (the Dove), and Crux Australis (the Southern Cross). Royer was also the �rst to show the Southern Cross “as a distinct constellation in a ®at star map” (Brown). Petrus Plancius produced the �rst depiction of the Southern Cross in 1589, and Johann Bayer’s 1603 star atlas included the asterism, but both authors showed it as part of Centaurus rather than a separate constellation. Most of Royer’s work is occupied by a “Table universelle des longitudes et latitudes des estoilles corrigée et eugmentée par D. Anthelme, Chartreux à Dijon”. Anthelme Voituret was a monk who discovered the CK Vulpeculae, also called the Nova Vulpeculae, in 1670, probably the oldest catalogued nova variable. �is nova was not detectable again for centuries until rediscovered in 1981. �e present example has two preliminary leaves (dagger 2) “une seconde table des constellations” not present in the Bibliothèque Nationale’s example, and four folding plates. �e example formerly in the Maccles�eld Library had only three. “Copies of Royer’s maps are very rare, and they in®uenced the maps and globes of Coronelli.” (Kanas).

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According to Basil Brown, whilst there are very few surviving examples of Royer’s work, and we have been unable to trace any complete examples bound together with Halley’s catalogue, it was always the author’s intention for both works to appear together. �us, in his preface (”Au lecteur”) Royer states that the reader will �nd it convenient to add Halley’s catalogue as a second part of his own (”de le joindre comme une seconde partie au notre”). Also, Lalande cites the two works as belonging together: “Augustin Royer en 1679 publia 4 Cartes du Ciel avec un Catalogue de 1 800 étoiles �xes. Il avait ajouté à celles de Bayer & du P. Riccioli plusieurs étoiles nouvelles observées par le P. Anthelme Chartreux & il y joignit le Catalogue de étoiles australes que M Halley avait déterminées en 1677 dans son voyage à l’Isle de Ste Hélène & qui venait alors d’être publié en Angleterre” (Lalande). Copies of Royer’s work are “extremely rare, especially in England. �ere appears to be no copy of this publication in Oxford, neither do the libraries of the Royal Society or the Royal Astronomical Society possess one. �ere is a copy in the British Museum. No copies are o�ered for sale in the catalogues of antiquarian booksellers” (Brown). We have not been able to trace any examples of Halley’s work in the US. �e Linda Hall Library, Missouri and the New York Public Library hold copies of the Royer, but neither of them contain the maps or the Halley book bound in. OCLC records six institutional copies of Halley: British Library, Bodleian, UCL, Sainte Genevieve, Paris; Observatoire de Paris; Biblioteca Nacional, Madrid. We have been able to trace a total of seven institutional examples of the Royer (again, none are bound with the Halley): British Library; NYPL; Linda Hall; BnF, France; Observatoire de Paris, France; Lausanne, Switzerland; Augsburg, Germany.

ProvenanceManuscript ex libris of “Cupis de Camargo, S. A. R. anno 1768”.�e Cupis de Camargo were a Belgian family who lived in Paris during the eighteenth century. Whilst it is unclear as to which family member the book belonged, it was probably the famous dancer Marie Anne de Cupis de Camargo (1710-1770), whose portrait by Nicolas Lancret hangs in the National Gallery of Art, Washington. She was a well known bibliophile and her library was sold after her death by the printer Prault. �e other possible original owner is her brother, the equally artistic Jean-Baptiste de Cupis de Camargo (1711-1788), a composer and noted violinist.

Unrecorded Spanish edition of the First Sea Atlas of America

ROGGEVEEN, Arent

La Primera Parte Del Nuevo Gran Espejo Maritimo, Alumbrando las Costas Maritimas de la Navigacion de la India Occidental, Empecando de la Costa de Espana Hasta el Rio de Amazonas...

PublicationAmsterdam, Jacob Robijn, 1690.

DescriptionFolio (450 by 280mm), title, privilege, [2]p. description of the earth, 67pp., 34 engraved charts (all double-page apart from the chart of Catalina), seventeenth century Spanish pig skin.

Referencesc.f. Koeman Rog 10 for 1680 edition.

$225,000.00

One of the most important maritime atlases of the Dutch Golden Age. Roggeveen’s work is the �rst maritime atlas of the American coasts, and was based largely on the closely guarded collection of mostly Iberian manuscript nautical charts owned by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and West India Company (WIC). It covers what it calls the West Indies, a term then interpreted much more broadly than today, including not only the entire Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico and Central America, but also part of South America and the entire east coast of what is now the United States and southern Canada. Arent Roggeveen (c.1628-1779) was born in Delfshaven, and came to Middelburg as a teacher in 1658. Familiar with mathematics and land-surveying and interested in astronomy, he quickly learned the arts of navigation. Middelburg boasted one of the most important chambers of both the VOC and WIC, therefore many of Roggeveen’s students worked in the two companies. �rough these connections he apparently gained access to the large collection of mostly Iberian manuscript sea charts that the companies had captured, copied by espionage, or commissioned (some American place names in Roggeveen’s atlas still retain their Spanish forms). �is collection had been closely guarded as a matter of national security during the Dutch war of independence from Spain. Even after 1648 it was still considered sensitive material, as it gave the Dutch merchants of the VOC and WIC an important commercial advantage. While some atlases largely copied maps from their predecessors, Roggeveen could therefore draw on this cartographic treasure trove to produce more accurate and more detailed sea charts than had ever been published before. �e �rst edition of the atlas was published in 1675 by Pieter Goos, however, due to the death of Goos in the same year, and that of Roggeveen four years later, a second edition would not be published until 1680, by which time the plates had been acquired by the chart dealer Jacobus Robijn. Robijn went on to republish the second edition in 1689, with a third edition appearing in 1698. As well as Dutch the pilot also appeared with English, French, and - as with the present edition - Spanish text. We are unable to trace an institutional example of this edition. Koeman records six institutional examples of the 1680 Spanish edition. �e charts and text would appear to be unchanged from the 1680 edition: with all the charts in their �rst state; the chart of Catalina is in its proof state; chart No. 7 bears revision to Curaçao plate; whilst the chart of Curaçao [No.7 1/2] bears no number. �e only revision to the 1680 edition is the inclusion of a new title-page and privilege in which Roggeveen’s name has been omitted and Jacob Robijn inserted in its place.

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A Colony of Beavers

MOLL, Herman

The World described: or, a new and correct sett of maps.

Publication[London], John Bowles, [1708-1730].

DescriptionFolio (654 by 285mm). Letterpress title incorporating list of 28 maps, and advertisements laid down on front paste-down, contemporary advertisements laid down on rear paste-down. 28 double-page engraved folding maps, hand-coloured in outline in a contemporary hand, extra-illustrated with three engraved folding plates (some early repairs on verso of vertical folds), contemporary panelled goatskin, the covers decorated in two panels with single blind fillet and broad borders of floral roll tools.

ReferencesNMM 398; Philips ‘Atlases’ 554; Seymour I. Schwartz & Ralph E. Ehrenberg, ‘The Mapping of America’ (New York, 1980), 135; Tooley ‘The Mapping of America’ 55c.

$75,000.00

Moll’s famous atlas containing two world maps, and six maps of the Americas: “North-America” (showing California as an island, Newfoundland and aspects of the cod-�shing industry), “�e North Parts of America under the names of Louisiana, Mississippi, Canada and New France,” “�e West Indies, or the Islands of America in the North Sea,” “South America, with a prospect of the Coasts, Countries, and Islands, within limits of the South-Sea Company (also showing California as an island), and Moll’s celebrated map of North America “�e Dominions of the King of Great Britain on ye Continent of North America” (third issue, circa 1730). �is map, sometimes referred to as the Beaver map, is in fact among the �rst and most important cartographic documents relating to Anglo-French disputes over the boundaries separating their respective American colonies. It includes insets of �omas Nairne’s important and early map of South Carolina, the English, French and Indian settlements in the Carolinas and Charleston Harbor, and the inset of Niagara Falls with beavers at work. �e view of Niagara Falls, without the beavers, was �rst published in Utrecht in 1697, as part of Louis Hennepin’s “Nouvelle decouverte d’un tres grand Pays Situe dans l’Amerique.” �e following year an English version was printed and, in 1713, Nicholas de Fer, cartographer to the French King, copied Hennepin’s view and added the famous beavers on his “Carte de La Mer du Sud & de La Mer du Nord.” �e imagery was included not just because of its charm, but because beaver pelts were a signi�cant part of a highly successful American fur trade - an industry that was used to promote settlement in America. �e industrious nature of beavers, moreover, symbolised the notion that control of the land – and the wealth that resulted – was brought about by hard work. �e atlas is extra-illustrated with: Guillaume De l’Isle’s map “�e Seat of War on the Rhine being a New Map of the Course of that River from Strasbourg to Bonn... [London]: Printed for T. Bowles & J. Bowles, [n.d.]; one of “Bowles’s New Four-Sheet Maps” “London Survey’d: or a New Map of the Cities of London and Westminster and the Borough of Southwark. to the present year 1736” [London]: John Bowles [n.d.]; “Geography Epitomiz’d” [London]: �omas Bowles and John Bowles, 1738; and Fordyce’s “Comitatus Anglorum. Being a brief but Comprehensive Synopsis of Statistical and Political Arithmentic” . [Birmingham]: [no publisher], August, 1806. Moll emigrated to London from Germany in about 1675. By 1678 he is recorded as working for the map-maker Moses Pitt as an engraver and frequenting famous Jonathan’s Co�ee House, where he mingled with the likes of Daniel Defoe, Jonathan Swift, the buccaneers William Dampier and Woodes Rogers, John Oldmixon, �omas Salmon, Samuel Simpson, and for all of whom he made maps to accompany their works. “Moll’s reputation rests upon a long and extremely fertile career of almost sixty years that yielded a diverse o�ering of over two dozen geographies, atlases, and histories and a myriad of individual maps, charts, and globes, spanning the known earth. �rough his many works, he had also had an impact beyond geography and cartography on his adopted country and its future by graphically staunchly advocating early British expansion and Empire” (Dennis Reinhartz for DNB).

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“Moll �rst gained notice in London in the late 1670s as a �ne engraver working for map publishers such as Moses Pitt, Sir Jonas Moore, the royal hydrographer Greenville Collins, John Adair, [ Jeremiah] Seller and [Charles] Price, and others. What can be identi�ed as his two earliest maps - ‘America’ and ‘Europe’ respectively - and bearing the imprint ‘H. Moll schulp.’ appeared in Moore’s ‘A New Systeme of the Mathematicks Containing ... a New Geography in 1681... Moll worked increasingly independently. He published his �rst solo volume, the now rare ‘Atlas �esaurus’ in 1695, and in 1701, by which time he worked completely on his own, he published his �rst major work, ‘ A System of Geography’ [as here], an informative global geography with a full complement of crisp, straightforward maps that sold initially for 18s. a copy. Although relatively traditional and derivative, it helped to establish him as an independent geographer-cartographer.

ProvenanceArmorial bookplate of Algernon Peckover (1803-1893), amateur architect, prominent Quaker and philanthropist, on the font paste-down.

Agreement & Map “Settling” the Pennsylvania-Maryland Boundary Dispute

SENEX, John

True Copies of: I. The Agreement between Lord Baltimore and Messieurs Penn, dated 10 May 1732. II. The Commissions . . . to mark out the Lines between Maryland, and Pensilvania and the Three Lower Counties on Delaware. III. The Return or Report of the Commissioners on both Sides, made 24 Nov. 1733.

PublciationLondon, 1734-35.

DescriptionFolio. (440 by 260mm). 8-pages (old folds, one or two short marginal tears, browned). Separate woodcut map: “Pensilvania, Maryland...the Three Lower Countys,” with a ruled border, by John Senex, London, 1732-33 (360 by 240mm to the neatline, full margins with minor restoration), first state. Mottled blind-panelled calf, gilt (endpapers renewed).

$120,000.00

First state of the rare map, with the scale of miles imperfectly erased from the plate, and still visible – the earliest printing of this map after the proof. Fewer than ten copies of this �rst printed edition of the agreement are known with the map, preceded by six manuscript copies written on vellum, executed after the “Articles” were agreed in London on May 10th, 1732, of which only three copies are known. �e key agreement – including the controversial map – that ultimately ended the Penn-Calvert family dispute, and set the groundwork for the Mason and Dixon Line Survey of 1763-67. �e map was created by Londoner John Senex to accompany manuscript copies of the May 10, 1732 Articles of Agreement, the landmark settlement to the then 50-year old dispute over several boundaries between Pennsylvania and Maryland. To support the Penn claim, the family had “True Copies” – composed of the 1732 Articles along with a report of 1733 – printed and distributed along with the map. Soon after the agreement, however, Lord Baltimore learned that Senex’s map was based on the inaccurate “Novi Belgii” map by Nicholas Visscher (ca. 1651-56), which placed Cape Henlopen (‘Disappearing Cape’ in Dutch) about 25 miles farther south than in reality. Calvert thus refused to honor the treaty. As this point was a main boundary in the Agreement and subsequent surveys, the Calvert family stood to lose a considerable amount of land on the east coast of the Delmarva Peninsula, now part of Delaware. In 1750, the English Chancellor overruled Calvert’s appeal, and forced him to comply with the 1732 Agreement. �us, this map became the basis for the Mason and Dixon Line Survey of 1763-67, and the present borders between Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. �e map appeared in other variants. �e formal contract employing Charles Mason & Jeremiah Dixon included an inset copy, and Benjamin Franklin produced a woodcut version. Any copy of the agreement or the map is exceedingly rare.

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Filson’s celebrated map of Kentucky

MORSE, Jeddidiah

The American Geography; or, a view of the present situation of the United States of America containing ... A particular description of Kentucky, the Western Territory, the Territory South of Ohio, and Vermont ... with a view of the British, Spanish, French, Portuguese, and Dutch dominions, on the continent, and in the West Indies, and of Europe, Asia, and Africa ... A new edition.

PublicationLondon, Printed for John Stockdale, Piccadilly, 1794.

DescriptionFirst quarto, second London edition. Quarto (270 by 200mm). Half-title. 25 full-page engraved maps, of which 7 are double-page and folding. Half diced russia, marbled paper boards, gilt.

ReferencesHowes M840, “aa”; sabin 50924; Streeter Sale 75, recording only 3 maps.

$25,000.00

�e �rst American Geography, special issue with twenty-�ve maps, including the celebrated Filson map of Kentucky, dated November 23rd 1793. Most examples of this edition of Morse’s “Geography” were issued with only three maps. Of the 25 maps, 18 are of states or slightly larger areas of the United states, and only one, of new discoveries around the Globe, is not speci�cally tied to the Americas.

�e folding maps are:“A Map of the Northern and Middle States; comprehending the Western Territory and the British Dominions in North America from the best Authorities”; “A Map of the States of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia; Comprehending the Spanish Provinces of East and West Florida...”; “Map of Virginia Maryland and Delaware”; “A Map of North Carolina from the Best Authorities”; “A Map of South Carolina from the Best Authorities”;and “A Map of the West Indies from the Best Authorities”.

Joseph Purcell’s map of Virginia, the Carolinas and Georgia, is an uncommon map of the early Southeast and is important for showing a well de�ned New State of Franklin, within the borders of North Carolina. In 1785, settlers in present-day western North Carolina and eastern Tennessee organized a state government to be named in honor of Benjamin Franklin. Congress turned down their appeal but the state maintained a legislature and governor until 1788. �is ephemeral state appeared on a small number of maps into the early part of the 19th century. �e map shows early settlements, including a Moravian Settlement in North Carolina, and the Cumberland Settlements in present-day Tennessee. �e map also notes native tribes and various Bounty Land Grants lands along the upper Mississippi River. �e map of the Northern and Middle States which describes the area from Maine (Province of Main), south to Virginia, extends west to the Great Lakes and the con®uence of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, and north to eastern Canada up to James Bay. �ere are several Bounty Land Grants including Genl. Clarks, Donation Lands from the Commonwealth of Virginia, and Ohio Company in Ohio, and Wabash Company, New Jersey Company, and Illinois Company in Illinois. �is is the �rst edition, with information taken from Amos Doolittle’s map of the same title. Engraved by G. Allen Sanders, Wells Row, Islington and published by Stockwell as noted above. Filson’s celebrated map of Kentucky is one of the key cartographic landmarks of the Trans-Allegheny frontier. It is essentially unprocurable in the American �rst edition published in Elizabethtown, New Jersey in 1789, and was not contained in the �rst London edition of Morse’s “Geography”. In early 1784 Filson produced the �rst written history of Kentucky, he “employed Philadelphia engraver Henry Pursell and printer Ternon Rook to produce a map Filson had drawn to encourage settlement of Kentucky. Composed primarily from secondhand accounts of Boone and other explorers and Filson’s own knowledge of the region, the map is well drawn but not completely accurate. It depicts the state’s rivers and creeks, mountains and hills, towns and forts, and canebrakes, and clearly marks the location of the land surveyor’s oºce. As was the cartographer’s intention, the map conveys a sense of civilization and progress.” (Charles C. Hay for ANB). Morse’s text provides extensive geographical information for each state and province, including the western territory and the Spanish dominions of Louisiana, Florida, New Mexico and California, as well as on the major countries and regions of the world.

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�e Earl of Lonsdale’s copy of �ompson’s Alcedo

ALCEDO, Antonio de, and G.A. THOMPSON

Atlas to Thompson’s Alcedo; or Dictionary of America & West Indies; collated with all the most recent authorities and composed chiefly from scarce and original documents, for that work, by A. Arrowsmith, Hydrographer to His Royal Highness the Prince Regent [with] The Geographical and Historical Dictionary of America and the West Indies, Containing an Entire Translation of the Spanish work of Colonel Don Antonio de Lacedo... with large additions and complications....

PublicationLondon, [atlas] Printed by George Smeeton, 1816; [text] James Carpenter, [1812-1815].

DescriptionFolio, (660 by 525mm) small format index leaf mounted on front pastedown (otherwise mounted on guards throughout), five wall maps, hand-coloured in outline, by Aaron Arrowsmith, on nineteen double-page or folding engraved sheets, each numbered on a small early paper label pasted to the verso of each sheet (“North America” on three sheets [numbered “I”- ”III”]; “United States” on four sheets [“IV”-”VII”]; “Mexico” on four sheets [“VIII”-”XI”]; “West Indies” on two sheets [“XII”-”XIII”]; “South America” on six sheets [“XIV”-”XIX”]), full calf, with blind stamp coat of arms of Hugh Cecil Earl of Lonsdale, to upper board, spine in eight compartments separated by raised bands, gilt; [with] Five volumes, quarto (270 by 210mm), 2pp. preliminary list of subscribers in first volume, contemporary calf, with blind stamp coat of arms of Hugh Cecil Earl of Lonsdale, to upper board gilt, spine in six compartment separated by raised bands gilt.

$80,000.00

�e Londsdale copy of the most important printed atlas of the Americas of its time, containing foundation wall maps of the region by the greatest British cartographer of his generation. �e atlas is accompanied by a lovely �rst edition set of the text of �ompson’s translation and expansion of Alcedo’s classic work on the Americas. “Aaron Arrowsmith, Hydrographer to the King of England and Geographer to the Prince of Wales, was the most in®uential and espected map publisher of the �rst quarter of the nineteenth century.... His role in cartographic production was to gather the best information available from a wide variety of sources, weigh the relative merits of con®icting data, and compile from this the most accurate depiction possible of an area. Arrowsmith accomplished this synthesis better than any other commercial map maker of his day and, as a result, his maps were the most sought after and highly prized on three continents” (Martin and Martin). Arrowsmith specialized in large multi-sheet maps. �ese were generally separately issued and are now very scarce. His �ve great wall maps of the Americas were particularly well received and became “foundation or prototype maps of the area and were extensively copied by other publishers” (Tooley). �ese �ve wall maps were of North America (�rst published in 1795), the United States (1796), the West Indies (1803), Mexico (1810), and South America (1810). �ey were generally republished many times, as new information became available. �omas Je�erson considered the 1803 edition the best map of the continent in print at the time, and it was used extensively in planning Lewis and Clark’s expedition (1805-06). Likewise, the 1814 edition of North America (o�ered here) was the �rst map to make use of Lewis and Clark’s map of the same year, and the �rst to combine Lewis and Clark and Zebulon Pike’s data onto one map.

�e present atlas is an early version with the following maps:1) A Map Exhibiting all the New Discoveries in the Interior Parts of North America...A. Arrowsmith...January 1st 1795 Additions to 1811 Additions to June 1814. 2) A Map of the United States of America Drawn from a number of Critical Researches By A. Arrowsmith...Jan 1st 1796. Additions to 1815.3) A New Map of Mexico and adjacent provinces compiled from original documents by A. Arrowsmith...5th October 1810. Additions to 1815.4) Chart of the West Indies and Spanish Dominions in North America by A. Arrowsmith... 1803... Additions to 1815.5) Outlines of the Physical and Political Divisions of South America: Delineated by A. Arrowsmith partly from scarce and original documents published before the year 1806 but principally from manuscript maps & surveys made between the years 1771 and 1806. Corrected from accurate astronomical observations to 1810...Published 4th January 1811... Additions to 1814.Index to atlas mounted on front pastedown.

8

ProvenanceBookplate and coat of arms of Hugh Cecil Lowther (1857-1944), 5th Earl of Lonsdale. Lowther was an English nobleman, sportsman and playboy. �e second son of Henry Lowther, 3rd Earl of Lonsdale, he succeeded his brother, St George Lowther, 4th Earl of Lonsdale, in 1882 and inherited an substantial fortune. After the scandal of an a�air with the actress Violet Cameron Lonsdale set out in 1888 to explore the Arctic regions of Canada as far north as Melville Island, nearly dying before reaching Kodiak, Alaska in 1889 and returning to England. His collection of Inuit artefacts that he assembled during his explorations in Alaska and north-west Canada at this time is now in the British Museum. Legend has it that Lonsdale was one side of the famous and staggeringly large £21,000 wager with John Pierpont Morgan over whether a man could circumnavigate the globe and remain unidenti�ed. �e subject of the wager, an investor by the name of Harry Bensley (1876-1956) undertook to circumnavigate the globe in a particular order subject to a bizarre array of conditions and wearing a 2kg iron mask from a suit of armour and pushing a baby carriage at all times. It would appear that Bensley failed to complete his expedition, although it is unclear as to whether this was due to the death of JP Morgan in 1913, or the outbreak of the First World War the following year. Lowndes I, 26; James C. Martin and Robert Sidney Martin, Maps of Texas and the Southwest 1513-1900 (Texas: Texas State Historical Association, 1984); Sabin 683 (“Copies are sometimes found with an atlas of…maps by Arrowsmith, but they are rare”).

One of only two known examples complete with maps

ANANIA, Giovanni Lorenzo d’

La Universal Fabrica del Mondo La Universal Fabrica del Mondo dell’eccell. m. Lorenzo Anania della citta di Tauerna cosmografo, et teologo ; doue s’ha piena notitia de i costumi, leggi, città, fiumi, monti, prouincie, & popoli del mondo.

PublicationIn Napoli, Appresso Gioseppe Cacchis dell’ Aquila, 1573.

DescriptionFirst edition. Four parts in one volume. Quarto,(205 by 150 mm). Collation: A4-I4, K4-P4, Q1, Q3-Q5, R4-U4, X1-X2, A1-I4, K4-L4, A4-F4, A4-E4.Title-page with decorative half-page woodcut border and printer’s device, 4 pages dedicatory epistle and poem, 2 pages authors consulted, 4 pages errata, Europe 82 numbered leaves, Asia 44 numbered leaves, Africa 23 numbered leaves, [1 leaf blank], and America 20 numbered leaves, 4 fine folding engraved maps on trapezoidal projections, 4 historiated 11-line woodcut initials, one 9-line, one 7-line, and one 3-line, woodcut head- and tail-pieces (some browning and a few pale mostly marginal stains). Contemporary limp vellum, yapp fore-edges, title in manuscript on the spine (chipped with minor loss at the foot of the spine). 205 by 145mm. (8 by 5.75 inches).

ReferencesAlden & Landis. European Americana, 573/4; Burden 43; Sabin 1364 (the 1576 edition).

$45,000

Exceptionally rare: one of only two known examples complete with all four maps of the continents, the only example in private hands, the other in the Biblioteca Nacional de España. Anania’s “Fabrica” is an in®uential 16th-century geography, a comprehensive survey of Europe, Asia, and the Indies: the fourth part: “Quattro trattato del Nuovo Mondo”, 20-pages, concerns the Americas, and is illustrated with a superb map of North and South America and Terra del Fuego, with a portion of Greenland visible upper right entitled “Peru”. �is map, and the others in the book are very similar in style to Gastaldi’s maps published with Mattioli’s text of Ptolemy’s “La Geogra�a” of 1547-1548. Burden reports: “For knowledge of this extremely rare map, known in only two examples, the author is grateful to Dr. Frtiz Hellwig... Cartographically it is diºcult to identify any sources clearly but the north-east coast of North America appears to derive from the Ruscelli ‘Tierra Nueva’ of 1561… A Forlani type river system appears in the west along with California”.

�e other maps are:“Europa” extending south to North Africa, east to Asia Minor (laid down, discreet repairs to old fold)“Asia” extending from eastern Africa and the Nile to the East Indies, the Indian Ocean decorated with sea monsters and sailing ships (printer’s creases)“Africa” the Atlantic and Indian oceans decorated with sea monsters and sailing ships

�is �rst edition of Anania’s “La Universal Fabrica del Mondo” is rare. Presumably a very small print run achieved immediate success, with subsequent editions following shortly thereafter in 1576, 1582, and 1597. Anania (1545 – 1609) was an Italian geographer, humanist, historian and theologian; the author of “De natura daemonum”, 1570, a treatise supporting the existence of the Devil. A scholarly man, “it is hard to �nd an authority whose writing was in print before 1573 whom he does not list in his bibliography or cite in his text” (Lach, Asia in the making of Europe, II, 1977, p. 230).

ProvenanceNear contemporary ownership inscription on the title-page, partially obscured; 19th-century shelf-marks on the front paste-down.

9

�e �rst complete edition of the voyages of Champlain, here with the rare map

CHAMPLAIN, Samuel de

Les Voyages de la Nouvelle France occidentale... dicte Canada, faits par le Sr de Champlain [...] depuis l’an 1603 jusques en l’an 1629. Ou se voit comme ce pays a esté, premierement descouvert par les Francois, sous l’authorité de nos Roys tres Chrestiens, jusques au regne de Sa Majeste à présent regnante Louis XIII. Roy de France & de Navarre [...].

PublicationParis, Pierre le Mur, 1632.

Description3 parts in one volume. Quarto (220 by 170mm). 8 pages: title-page (small early repair to fore-edge not affecting the text), dedication to Cardinal Richlieu, and laudatory verses; 8 pages: table of contents; “Les Voyages…” pages numbered 1-308; “Seconde Partie des Voyages…” pages numbered 1- 310; 1leaf blank; 8 pages: key to the large map; “Traite de La Marine” pages numbered [1]- 54; 1 leaf blank; “Doctrine Chrestienne,…” pages numbered 1-20. Large folding engraved map on two sheets “Carte de la nouvelle france” (560 by 875mm), six engravings in the text, of which two are full-page, a diagram, woodcut headpieces and initials (early repair to title-page). Contemporary limp vellum, the title in near contemporary manuscript on the spine, traces of two pairs of ties.

Collation: A-B4, A-I4, K-T4, V4, X-Z4, AA-II4, KK-PP4, Q2, A-I4, K-T4, V4, X-Z4, Aa-Cc4, Dd2, D3-D4, E1, Ee2-Ee4, Ff-Ii4, Kk-Pp4, Qq3, blank, A4, A-F4, G3, blank, A-B4, C2

ReferencesStreit, Bibliotheca Missionum, 2493; Field 268; Burden 237.

$315,000.00

A superb example of the most complete edition of Champlain’s “Voyages…” with the important map of New France in the second state, with Cape Breton island including a chain of mountains rather than an inland lake, and a small circular unstippled area in the easternmost edge of the Grand Banks Nouvelle France which is rarely found intact, in contemporary vellum.

“…extremely rare and sought after” (Leclerc, Bibliotheca Americana, 695).

“�e most complete and very rare edition of Champlain” (Chadenat, 2578). �ere was a reprint of the title 8 years later, in 1640.

“�e best edition” (Sabin 11839).

“Of all the editions of the book of Champlain, this is the most complete” (Leclerc).

“It is perhaps the most important of the old editions, as it contains a collective narrative embodying a review of all preceding French expeditions to the New World, followed by and interwoven with Champlain’s own voyages to Canada: a short account of the First (1603), which had been published in 1604; and an abridgment of the Second, �ird, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth (1608-1613), as they had been published in the volume dated 1613. �ese voyages end on p. 210. Pages 239-308 contain the Seventh Voyage (1615-1616), while the Eighth Voyage (1617) is only mentioned between pp. 211 and 214 as unimportant. �e Second Part contains the Ninth Voyage and a History of Canada (1620-1631), pp. 1-310; a Treatise on Navigation, pp. 1-54; followed by the doctrine Chrestienne du R.P. Ledesme and l’Oraison Dominicale par le R.P. Massé, with separate signature-marks and pagination. �is was the last of Champlain’s works” (Church).

“�is edition is the only complete one of Champlain’s voyages [...]. �e great map is printed here for the �rst time. An imperfect facsimile of the large map is usually substituted for the rare original [...]. �is work gives us the �rst accurate accounts we have of the Indians of the interior of the present state of New York. It is very largely devoted to descriptions of their habits, modes of life and warfare; and of personal observations and experiences among the Algonquins and Iroquois. �e most remarkable event in Indian history was caused by Champlain’s �rst visit to the shores of the lake bearing his name. in a con®ict between the two named races of savages, he gave the victory to his friends the Abnaquis, by the use of his musket. �e Iroquois never forgave the injury, and thousands of Frenchmen were slaughtered to avenge it” (Field).

Samuel Champlain, founder of Quebec and governor of Nouvelle France, was born around 1570 in Saintonge to a Protestant family. He served Henry IV during the later stages of France’s religious wars in Brittany. After the peace of 1598, the commander of Chaste and governor of Dieppe, having obtained from Henry IV a commission to establish new settlements in North America, asked Champlain to join him in this great undertaking. Champlain embarked from Hon®eur and anchored the 24th of May 1603 at the port of Tadouzac, situated in the St. Lawrence River. Here he left his ship and took a small boat to Fort Saint Louis, where Jacques Cartier had ended his last voyage; he then journeyed into the interior and drew up the map which he would bring back to France with a detailed account of his voyage.

10

Champlain returned to the new world and stayed for three years on his second voyage. He made numerous explorations of the coasts and the interior, all of which he recorded in his Voyages. Returning to France in 1607, Champlain stayed only six months before setting o� on his third voyage, now with the titles of Geographer and Captain in the King’s navy. �is third expedition was the most important. Returning to the St. Lawrence with the intention of forming a permanent Canadian settlement, he chose an area near the mouth of the river. In 1608, he lay the foundations for the city of Québec. �e following year, Champlain made several excursions on the St. Lawrence, supporting the Algonquins against the Iroquois, and proving victorious, gave his name to the lake on the coasts of which the battle was won; he then went down the river which connected Lake Champlain to the St. Lawrence, and named the river the Richelieu. He then returned to Quebec, and from there, to France. On his return to Canada in 1610, he again battled the Iroquois. Encouraged by his discovery of the Hudson, he attempted to discover a route through North America to China. His �rst excursion, on the river Ottawa, failed, and he was forced to return to France, to men for his next expedition. In 1615, he brought with him four Recollects to further religious life in the new colony. �en, resuming his attempt to discover a Northwest Passage, he again went up the Ottawa River, and, advancing both by land and canoe, he reached Lake Huron; he sailed along its southern shore, then continued across the plains to Lake Ontario, which he crossed. After helping the Hurons �ght the Iroquois, he spent the winter amongst the native Algonquins, whose culture and language he studied. He left them in 1616, and returned to Europe the following year. In 1620, he returned again to Canada, for the �fth time, with the title of Lieutenant General Du Marechal de Montmorency, Vice-Admiral de la Nouvelle-France. “After the treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1630), France took possession of Canada, and Champlain was sent as its governor in 1633. It was at this time that the country had its most considerable achievements: it was due to the courage of Champlain, his enlightened administration, and his perseverance to overcome all the obstacles, that France was able to successfully establish its new colony. He quickly turned Quebec into a thriving city, helped by the Indians which he was able to ally, and over which he led a great empire. During the short domination by the English, the natives were withdrawn and avoided any communication with them; when peace brought back the French, one saw the Indians rush to them and renew their interrupted relationships eagerly. Champlain died in Quebec, surrounded by the esteem and veneration of all. He left his Traite de navigations, published in 1632, and his accounts of his voyages, which comprised all of his navigations and discoveries between 1603 and 1629” (Pierre Larousse). A similar example of this edition, although in a modern binding, sold for $264,000 at Christie’s New York 16 April 2007 in the Streeter sale (lot 101).

ProvenanceC.L. �eroyenne, renowned collector of coins and medals, inscription dated 1636 at the foot of the title-page.

Sir Henry Neville’s “Holster Atlas”

SAYER, Robert & BENNETT, John

The American Military Pocket Atlas; Being an Approved Collection of Correct Maps, Both General and Particular, of the British Colonies; Especially Those Which Now Are, or Probably May Be the Theatre of War.

PublicationLondon, R. Sayer and J. Bennet, 1776.

Description4to., (270 by 210mm). 6 fine folding engraved map with contemporary hand-colour in outline, folds strenthened with linen on verso at the time of binding. Contemporary sprinkled calf, the spine in six gilt-ruled compartments with five raised bands, green morocco lettering-piece in one (strengthened at the head and foot of the spine).

$30,000.00

Sayer and Bennett, successors to �omas Je�erys, published this iconic atlas for British use in the �eld during the American Revolution, “a portable atlas...calculated in its bulk and price to suit the pockets of oºcers of all rank.” However, since the atlas was mostly stowed in their holsters, it became widely known as the “holster atlas.” �is example, from the library of Sir Henry Neville, has been bound with the maps with fewer folds and so a larger format. �e maps are those “that the British high command regarded as providing essential topographical information in the most convenient form” (Schwartz & Ehrenberg), and include:

“North America, as divided amongst the European Powers”, and “A Compleat Map of the �e West Indies, containing Coasts of Florida, Louisiana, New Spain, and Terra Firma: with all the Islands” by Samuel Dunn;

“A General Map of the Northern British Colonies in America. Which comprehends the Province of Quebec, the Government of Newfoundland, Nova-Scotia, New England and New York” by Samuel Holland and �omas Pownall (1776);

“A General Map of the Middle British Colonies, in America. Containing Virginia, Maryland, the Delaware counties, Pennsylvania and New Jersey. With the addition of New York, and of the Greatest Part of New England, as also of the Bordering Parts of the Province of Quebec, improved from several surveys made after the late War, and Corrected from Governor Pownall’s Late Map 1776” after Joshua Fry and Peter Je�erson, and Lewis Evans;

“A General Map of the Southern British Colonies, in America, comprehending North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida, with the Neighbouring Indian Countries...” after William de Brahm, Henry Mouzon, John Collett, and Bernard Romans;

and “A Survey of Lake Champlain, including Lake George, Crown Point and St. John” by William Brassier.

Provenance:1. from the library of Sir Henry Neville (1755-1843), second earl of Abergavenny, with his engraved armorial bookplate on the front paste-down.

11

�e earliest obtainable printed depiction of the Americas

RUYSCH, Johann

Universalior Cogniti Orbis Tabula Ex recentibus confecta observationibus.

PublicationRome, Johann Ruysch, [c1508].

DescriptionThird state. 2 sheets joined, each printed from a separate engraved plate, left-hand sheet watermarked with crossbow in circle (two short expertly repaired tears extending from the lower margin).

Dimensions418 by 562mm. (16.5 by 22.25 inches).

ReferencesMcGuirk/ Swan state 3, plates 2B; Shirley 25, state 3; Suarez, Early Mapping of Southeast Asia, pp.103-109.

$200,000.00

Johann Ruysch’s important and rare world map, the earliest obtainable printed depiction of the Americas, created for the 1507 Rome edition of Ptolemy’s ‘Geographia’, but also issued separately. Johann Ruysch (1460-1533) was an artist and cartographer from the Low Countries, most probably from Utrecht. He became a Benedictine monk c1505 and was given an oºce in the papal palace by Julius II; this is presumably when he made his world map. It has been suggested that he was friends with Raphael. In the introduction to the Rome Ptolemy, Marcus Beneventanus says that Ruysch claimed to have sailed from England to the North Pole and then through to Asia - he may have been a member of John Cabot’s expedition from Bristol trying to reach China. Ruysch’s membership of the expedition has been debated, as his map does not show much new surveying. He uses mainly Portuguese sources, in particular the Contarini-Rosselli map of 1506. He draws most of the northern American coastline from Contarini, using a similar folding conical projection. �e inscription “Baccalauras”, meaning cod�sh, also shows Portuguese in®uence. Portuguese �sherman caught vast quantities of cod in the area at the time. South America appears as a large distinct continent, called “Terra Sancte Crucis sive Mondus Novus”, with an inscription where Ruysch notes that he knows very little about the new continent. North of South America appears “Spagnola”, the site of Christopher Columbus’ landing. Although Columbus thought that this island was Japan (“Sipangu”), and it is identi�ed as such on the Contarini-Rosselli map, Ruysch chooses not to do so. To the west of Hispaniola there is a peninsula, probably Cuba, which bears a text scroll explaining that this was the limit of the Spanish explorations. Although the Contarini-Rosselli map showed Cuba as an island, Ruysch appears to have accepted Columbus’ theory that it was an Asian peninsula. Greenland, Labrador Newfoundland and Nova Scotia are all shown as part of the Asian land mass. Even if Ruysch did not explore the New World himself, it seems that he was in communication with those who had, as there is a note next to Greenland explaining that compasses do not work in that area, suggesting that he had information from mariners who had observed magnetic variation there. His depiction of Madagascar, India and Sri Lanka in their correct proportions must be taken from Portuguese sources, as evidenced by the nearby note about Portuguese activities in the area in 1507. His depiction of the Arctic region, with multiple islands circling the north pole, was original and in®uenced the work of Gerard Mercator. �e third state is identi�able by the labels of “Sinus Gageticus” and “Sinus Magnus” on the right hand plate and “La Dominica” correctly labelled on the left hand plate, and the word “oceanus” around the circumference of the map.

12

�e �rst available printed map to bear the name America

APIANUS, Petrus

Tipus Orbis Universalis iuxta Ptolemei Cosmographi Traditionem et Americi Vespucii Aliorque Lustrationes a Petro Apiano Leysnico Elucbrat An. Do. MDXX.

PublicationVienna, Johannes Camertius, 1520.

DescriptionWoodcut map, margins ruled in red (some discreet marginal repairs).

Dimensions340 by 455mm. (13.5 by 18 inches).

ReferencesBurden, ‘The Mapping of America’, p.xxv, plate XII; Church 45; Harrisse, ‘The Discovery of North America’ 126; Harrisse, ‘Bibliotheca Americana Vetustissima’ 108; Sabin 86390; Shirley 45; Stevens, ‘Rare Americana’ 615.

$62,000.00

Petrus Apianus’s 1520 world map is one of the most important early maps of the world, and the earliest map available on the market to name America. �e only printed map to use the name ‘America’ before Apianus’ work is Martin Waldseemüller’s 12-sheet map of the world, the sole surviving example of which was discovered in 1901 and purchased by the Library of Congress in 2001 for ten million dollars. Apianus drew heavily on Waldseemüller’s map to create this work, with “a close geographic correspondence, a similarity of woodcutting style, and the same truncated cordiform” (Shirley). He also possibly used the globes of Johannes Schöner. It is one of the earliest maps to show the Americas as separate from Asia. However, Apian made one signi�cant addition of his own: a passage between the Atlantic and Paci�c Oceans at the tip of South America, which is not present in Waldseemuller’s map. Ferdinand Magellan began his voyage to �nd such a passage in 1519, the year before Apianus’ map was published but the expedition would not return until September 1522. �is map has been used in support of the theory that Magellan was aware of prior voyages that had reached the Paci�c, of which we have no record. Martin Waldseemüller’s map was produced to accompany the ‘Cosmographia introductio’, published in collaboration with Matthias Ringmann and Jean Basin de Sendacour in 1507. It contains the �rst printed instance of the name ‘America’ being applied to the discoveries over the Atlantic: “�e fourth part of the earth, we have decided to call Amerige, the land of Amerigo we might even say, or America because it was discovered by Amerigo”. Waldseemüller himself was reluctant to identify America as a continent, and would never use the name America again. When he published his edition of Ptolemy in Strasbourg in 1513, he labelled South America “Terra Incognita”. However, nearly every signi�cant mapmaker for the next quarter of a century relied on his work, popularising his geography and terminology. Apianus’ map, made thirteen years later, shows the e�ects of Waldseemüller’s map. Vespucci is referenced in the title and there is an inscription in South America reading “Anno d[omini] 1497 hec terra cum adiacetibo insulis inuenta est per Columbum Ianuensem ex mandato Regis Castello america princia”. However, although the name America is retained, it is Columbus’ discovery of the “adiaceti[bus] insulis” or adjacent islands to America which is brought to the fore. �is is possibly due to contemporary controversy over Waldseemüller’s championing of Vespucci, seemingly at the expense of Columbus: a historical debate which continues to this day. Apianus’ use of the name ‘America’ here and in ‘Cosmographicus Liber’ would continue to popularize it, and before the rediscovery of Waldseemüller’s work in 1901 it was thought to be the source (Stevens). “�e map appeared in a 1520 edition of Julius Caius Solinus’ ‘Polyhistor’, a third century compilation of history and geography, based largely on the works of Pliny and Pomponius Mela. It may also have been issued separately. It was published by Johannus Camertius, whose initials appear in the lower left corner, on either side of a garland containing the monogram of Luca Alantses, who paid for its production” (Shirley). �e engraver of the map was almost certainly Laurent Fries, whose initials appear on either side of the garland at the lower right corner. In 1522, Fries would complete an updated edition of Ptolemy’s ‘Geographiae’, including two world maps derived from Waldseemüller.

13

�e �rst printed map of the Americas to show Roanoke Island, and the fourth to name Virginia

MAZZA, Giovanni Battista

Americae et Proximar Regionum Orae Descriptio.

PublicationVenice, [c 1589].

DescriptionEngraved map (330 by 460mm to the neatline, full margins showing the plate mark) (a few tears and minor worming to upper left skilfully repaired).

Dimensions335 by 460mm (13.25 by 18 inches).

ReferencesBurden 73 State 1.

$25,000.00

�e �rst printed map of the Americas to show Roanoke Island, and the fourth to name Virginia. �e most notable aspect of this map is the naming of an island, o� the east coast of North America, ‘Roanoae’ (i.e. in reference the Roanoke Colony) the �rst attempt by the English to form a permanent colony the New World. �e ill-fated colony was settled on Roanoke Island (situated in modern day Dare County on the Outer Banks of North Carolina) in 1585. Due to poor planning, lack of supplies, hostile native tribes, and the Spanish Armada, the colonial endeavour was a disaster, and in the summer of 1590, when the then governor John White returned with fresh supplies, he found the colony completely deserted; thus ending England’s �rst attempt to colonise the New World. Although previous maps such as Hakluyt’s ‘Novus Orbis’ (1587), Boazio’s ‘�e Famouse West Indian voyadge...’ (1589), and Hogenberg’s ‘Americae et Proximarum’ (1589) had marked Virginia, Mazza’s map is the �rst to correctly name the colony. Although undated Burden suggests that Mazza published the work in late 1589, due to the fact that the map bears great similarity to Frans Hogenberg’s ‘Americae et Proximarum...’ of the same year. Furthermore the placement of the nomenclature suggests that the Mazza came later. For instance, the location of ‘La Grand Canaria’ on the Hogenberg led Mazza to forget to engrave the ‘Canaria’. ‘Lago Da golesme’ is abandoned half way through engraving it, and begun again elsewhere, because of the lack of space due to the excessive ®ourishing on the words ‘Americae Septentrionali’. Little is known about Govanni Battista Mazza an engraver working in Venice at the end of the sixteenth century. He is know to have engraved a magni�cent world map for Giuseppe Rosaccio in 1597, and the present map is part of a set of the four continents. �ere are two known sates of the map. �e present is an example of the �rst state bearing the imprint of Rascicotti and Mazza. Burden records �ve examples of the �rst state; and three of the second.

14

�e Spice Islands Map

PLANCIUS, Petrus

Insulae Moluccae celeberrimæ sunt ob Maximam aromatum copiam quam per totum terrarum orbem mittunt...

PublicationAmsterdam, Visscher, 1617.

DescriptionEngraved chart, backed on Japan paper, lower part re-margined, small loss to lower left of printed border.

Dimensions380 by 540mm. (15 by 21.25 inches).

$82,000.00

Rare Visscher imprint of Petrus Plancius’ seminal chart of the East Indies. �e chart was instrumental in helping the Dutch break the Portuguese monopoly on the spice trade in the East Indies. Following the successful Dutch rebellion against their Spanish over-lords in 1579, the Dutch struck out to take a share in the lucrative trade in spices from the Far East. In 1592 Petrus Plancius, a cartographer and Flemish minister in the Calvinist Reform Church, sponsored a covert mission to obtain con�dential Portuguese manuscript charts from Lisbon. �e Houtman brothers, Cornelius and Frederick, acquired twenty-�ve manuscript charts by the Portuguese cartographer, Bartolomeu Lasso, from which Plancius compiled this map; engraved by Johannes à Doeticum, it was �rst published as a loose sheet in 1595, but it was also bound into some copies of Linschoten’s ‘Itinerario’. Cartographically the map is a huge improvement on previous printed maps of Southeast Asia with the Sunda Islands, the Moluccas, and much of the mainland coast well-delineated. �e large islands of the Philippines, such as Luzon and Mindanao, are well-drawn, and although the cluster of islands between them are crude, they are at least well placed and correctly named. Palawan is confused with the ‘Calamianes’ a group of small islands to its east. To the southeast a vast New Guinea has been tentatively assigned to the, theoretical, ‘southern continent’; Plancius confuses its west coast, present-day Irian Jaya, with the island of Seram (Ceriam), upon which he places the Guinean port of ‘Canam’. �is confusion was to be compounded by Linschoten a year later and was depicted by Rossi on his map of 1680. On the mainland the �ctitious trans-peninsula waterway is shown, as is a phantom lake, dotted with islands, west of Siam. Plancius curiously omits Singapore. At the bottom of the map he depicts the various commodities that the islands have to o�er - the key to any prospective Dutch investor. �ese include cloves (Caryophilorum Arbor), nutmeg (nux Myristica) and sandalwood (Santulum ®uvium).

15

Rare Roger Rea edition of Speed’s map of Bermuda

SPEED, John

A Mapp of the Sommer Ilands once called the Bermudas Lying at the mout of the bay of Mexico in the Lattitude of 32 degr: 25 mi: Distant from England viz from London toward the west southwest 3300 miles And from Roanoack in Virginia toward the east south east 500 miles exactlie surveyed.

Publication[London], Are to be sold by Roger Rea the Elder and younger at the Golden Crosse in Cornhill against the Exchange, [1665].

DescriptionDouble-page engraved map, fine contemporary outline hand colour, upper left and right margin skilfully repaired, top margin trimmed to neatline.

Dimensions410 by 550mm. (16.25 by 21.75 inches).

$4,500.00

�e map bears the imprint of Roger Rea the Elder and Younger. �e Reas had purchased the rights to Speed’s work from William Garrett in 1589, who had previously purchased them from the widow of William Humble in the same year. Skelton suggests that the father and son intended a new edition of the atlas for the Restoration of 1660. However, the atlas would appear not to have been published until 1665. �is is borne out by an advertisement in the Term Catalogue by the subsequent owners of the plates, �omas Bassett and Richard Chiswell, in 1675: “Mr John Speed’s... Geography of the Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland... together with his Prospect... all in one entire Volume, hath been, for seven Years past, out of Print, the greatest part of an Impression, then newly Printed, being destroyed by the late dreadful Fire, 1666”. �is is borne out by the rarity of the Rea edition of the atlas. �ere is evidence that they planned an edition of 1666, as there are impressions of Sussex, Buckingham and Derby, with Rea’s imprint, which bear that date. Rea would later sell the plates to Bassett and Chiswell, who would publish a new edition in 1676.

16

�e ‘Restitutio View’ of Dutch New-York

ALLARD, Hugo

Totius Neobelgii Nova et Accuratissima Tabula

PublicationAmsterdam c1674

DescriptionSecond state. Double-page engraved map (460 by 540mm to the neatline, full margins showing the plate mark), with exceptionally fine contemporary hand-colour in part and in outline

Dimensions500 by 590mm. (19.75 by 23.25 inches).

$30,000.00

A rare ‘proof ’ state, one of only a very few know, showing the rare ‘Restitutio view’ of New York. �is map was originally published shortly before the English occupation of New Netherlands in 1664 with a di�erent title. �e short-lived Dutch reconquest of 1673 led Allard to reissue the map, replacing the famous view of New Amsterdam by Nicolas Visscher with the current ‘Restitutio view.’ It shows a greatly expanded city, indicative of the widespread prosperity during the �rst English occupation of 1664-1673. At far right is the Dutch wall which later became Wall Street. �e city is already beginning to spread beyond the wall to the north. �e fort, at the foot of Bowling Green, can be seen at left. At center, the new canal that cut into the city from the harbor is shown complete for the �rst time. Also shown are Cornelius Evertsen’s Dutch ®eet, which re-captured New York in 1673, o� the south coast of Long Island. �e next year, the Dutch permanently ceded New Amsterdam to England by treaty. A blank medallion above the view was probably intended to contain the arms of the House of Orange. �e fact that it was left blank suggests that the map was still unrevised when New Netherlands was reconquered by the English in October 1674. On this second state the name of the publisher, Hugo Allard, has not yet been added in, and the letters to the key previously wanting on the map are now present. �e main body of the map, depicting the Dutch and English colonies in the Northeast, (from the Dutch point of view) derives from the manuscript by an unknown mapmaker that accompanied the famous Remonstrance that Adriaen van der Donck took to Amsterdam in 1649. �e map served as the source for Dutch maps of the region for nearly a century. One of van der Donck’s hopes had been that more Dutch people would be enticed by an attractive rendition of vast unsettled Dutch American lands teeming with game that stretched from the Delaware River to the Connecticut. Life was too comfortable in the Netherlands however, and the small, very diverse, population that settled New Amsterdam and Fort Orange was soon overwhelmed by the ever swelling tide of hopeful English immigrants. �e Visscher and Allard maps played a major role in the Penn – Lord Baltimore boundary dispute, in which king divided the Delmarva Peninsula between Maryland and Pennsylvania from the 40th degree of latitude in the north and a latitudinal line drawn from Cape Henlopen in the south. Unfortunately for Maryland, Cape Henlopen was incorrectly positioned on this map 25 miles too far south – consequently land that ought to have been Maryland went to the Penn family.

17

Maryland and Virginia

SPEED, John & LAMB, Francis

A Map of Virginia and Maryland.

PublicationLondon, Thomas Bassett, 1676

DescriptionEngraved map (380 by 510mm to the neatline, full margins, showing the plate mark), text on verso.

Dimensions170 by 540mm. (6.75 by 21.25 inches).

References“Virginia, Discovered and Described: John Smith’s Map of Virginia and Its Derivatives,”The Library of Virginia, http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/guides/rn28_johnsmith.pdf“A Map of Virginia and Maryland,” New York Public Library

t

A �ne and attractive map of Virginia and Maryland. Publishers �omas Bassett and Richard Chiswell republished English cartographer John Speed’s (1552-1629) popular 1611 atlas, “�e �eatre of the Empire of Great Britain,” in 1676. As a supplement, they included new section, “A Prospect of the most Famous parts of the World,” which contained maps of the English colonies of New England, Virginia, and Maryland. �e Maryland and Virginia map was the ninth (and last) derived from John Smith’s 1612 map of the region. Smith’s map was widely copied and remained the most accurate map of the Chesapeake until Augustine Herrman’s 1673 representation of the region. �e text on the verso is condensed from John Ogilby’s “America”. Francis Lamb’s original work combined two earlier maps. He retained Smith’s original orientation (West is at the top—o�ering the land from the perspective of a ship sailing from England) and incorporated Hermann’s geographical details into his own. �is map has been repeatedly, and incorrectly, attributed to Speed because it �rst appeared in the major re-publication of his earlier work. By 1676, Speed had been dead for 47 years.

18

Colombia

ROGGEVEEN, Arent

Paskaerte vande Cust van West-Indien Tusschen St Martha en Ilha Cares.

PublicationAmsterdam, [c.1680].

DescriptionDouble-page engraved chart with added hand colour.

Dimensions430 by 535mm (17 by 21 inches).

$3,800.00

�e �rst large-scale Dutch sea chart of the norhtern coast of Columbia - published in Roggeveen’s exceedingly rare sea pilot ‘Het Brandende Veen’. �e chart shows the northern coast of Columbia, with Santa Marta at its leftmost side, leading westward to Cartegena de Indias, located in the Bolivar Department. During the early part of the sixteenth century, Cartegena was considered a viable settlement spot to the Spanish crown, who poured millions of dollars into the construction of settlements and forti�cations to protect what became a major trading port of the area. Roggeveen, born in Delshaven, came to Middleburg, the seat of both the Dutch East and West India Companies, in 1658. He worked for both companies teaching the art of navigation and helped to maintain their collections of hydrographic manuscripts and charts, including Spanish portolans of the West Indies. In the mid-1660s, assisted by his access to these collections, Roggeveen embarked upon compiling a series of large-scale charts of the North American coastline, West Indies, and, later, West Africa. Many of his charts are based upon the earlier large-scale work of Hessel Gerritsz and Joan Vingboons, both cartographers for the Dutch East and West India Companies, but Roggeveen’s work was the �rst to show the whole coastline of North America and the Caribbean. He called this pilot ‘Het Brandende Veen’ or ‘�e Burning Fen’; a pun on his name, as ‘veen’ means ‘fen’, and a heap of burning fen represents a �re on the coast to guide or warn ships. �e �rst edition of the atlas was published in 1675 by Pieter Goos, however, due to the death of Goos in the same year, and that of Roggeveen four years later, a second edition would not be published until 1680, by which time the plates had been acquired by the chart dealer Jacobus Robijn. Robijn went on to republish the second edition in 1689, with a third edition appearing in 1698.

19

�e �rst plan of New York harbour

THORNTON, John, MORDEN, Robert & LEA, Philip

A New Map of New England. New York. New Iersey. Pensilvania. Maryland. and Virginia.

PublicationLondon, By Philip Lea at the Atlas and Hercules in Cheap-Side, c1685.

DescriptionThird state. Double-page engraved map (455 by 550mm to the neatline, full margins showing the plate mark), with early hand-colour in outline (laid down on linen, one or two pale stains).

Dimensions450 by 550mm. (17.75 by 21.75 inches).

$22,000.00

“In May 1685 John �ornton, Robert Morden and Philip Lea advertised for sale a multi-sheet map entitled ‘A New Map of the English Empire in the Continent of America’. Although earlier multi-sheet maps of the Americas existed, namely the Augustine Herrman 1673[74], none survive that were of the entire English colonies in North America” (Burden). �e only known example of their advertised map is held in the Bibliothéque Nationale, Paris. �e multi-sheet map was designed in such a manner that allowed for some of the sheets to be issued separately, as in the present example: “�is can be shown by the fact that the title runs in a narrow border along the top, so that when made up as a wall map it may be pasted or cut out. A main area of the debate is whether the map appears in an earlier state than that surviving today. It has been argued that the inset plan of New York harbor, and the scale and imprint cartouche below it, are later insertions, and that they do not appear on the state intended for the wall map. �e author believes this is not the case as the scale is the only one on the �nished wall map. �e plan was inserted at a later stage of production merely because the information became available, and quite possibly because the Duke of York, the harbour’s proprietor, was the newly crowned King. It was clearly a late insertion as a sand bar on the main map has been altered to match that in the inset. “�e inset is the �rst printed chart of New York harbour, and superseded the e�orts of John Seller in his map of New Jersey, c1675. Taliaferro identi�ed the source as being a manuscript by Philip Wells. East New Jersey had been sold to William Penn and eleven other Quakers in February 1683. �ey requested that Wells produce a map of New York harbour to help them in their dispute with the colony of New York over stated Island. �e manuscript bears the inscription ‘Being the Proprietors 1682/3 meaning it must have been produced shortly after acquisition. Further study of the text places the earliest possible date as mid-May 1683. A plain version entitled “A San Draught of New York Harbour” by Philip Wells exists in the Penn Papers now in the Ayer Collection, Newberry Library. Wells laid out the city of Perth Amboy for the Proprietors by May 1683, and while serving as the Surveyor General for New York worked on the boundary dispute between that colony and Connecticut in 1684. Sometime around 1685 he became the Surveyor General for Governor Edmund Andros and composed a manuscript map of Boston harbour. Wells was described in the Minutes as ‘one that’s both capable and honest in that imploy [surveying], and lives on Stated Island near adjacent to us’. Indeed, his dwelling is noted on the printed map at the northern tip of Staten Island. �ornton in particular had worked with Penn before and it is most probably through the auspices of Penn that the work of Wells reached him. “�e cartography of the main map is derived from two chief sources. First the Chesapeake Bay region is derived from �ornton’s earlier map co-published with Robert Greene, c1678, it being drawn from the Augustine Herrman, 1673[74]. �e major area of alteration as expected is that of the new colony of Pennsylvania. �ornton was involved with the new colony quite closely, producing the key promotional map in 1681. It is this document that �ornton incorporates here, although it appears not without some diºculty. �ere are signs of erasures from the middle of the Delaware peninsula northwards into Pennsylvania. �e Schuylkill River is reduced in length but Philadelphia is present as is the recently renamed Borlington. New England too appears to be derived from the �ornton and Greene with a few minor alterations. �e south coast of Long Island is much improved, displaying the Great South Bay. Similarly Long Island Sound is more open to the east. �e entire region around Boston has also been improved; indeed, there are signs

20

of later alteration here also. A border de�ning the Plymouth Colony is displayed which derives from the 1664 compromise reached with Massachusetts. �is ran the boundary westwards from the coastal town of Scituate. Two main roads are delineated leading from the Boston area and what appears to be a third more minor one to Spring�eld. “�ornton, Morden and Lea collaborated in producing this map. �ornton and Morden were already well established, particularly in the �eld of American mapping. Lea had been apprenticed to Robert Morden from April 1675 and freed by 1683. Some of Lea’s early works were in partnership with Morden and his partner of the day, William Berry. �is expressed their respect for his abilities. Lea continued to work with Morden for much of his career. Morden was often in �nancial diºculties whilst Lea appeared to be the consummate businessman. Indeed, it is probably for this reason that Morden sold his interest in this map to Lea. �ornton also sold his for reasons unknown, but these may have been tied to his preparations for the English Pilot Fourth Book which was to be published with William Fischer in 1689. In 1687 Lea moved premises to Cheapside as his business was growing rapidly. �ere are four known states of the map” (Burden). First state, with the imprints of �ornton, Morden and Lea.

First map to name Philadelphia

LEA, Philip

A New Mapp of America Devided According to the Best and latest Observations and Discoveries wherein are discribed by thear Proper Names the seaverall Countries that Belonge to ye English which are wholly left out in all French and Dutch Maps viz New Scotland, Long Island, N. York, N. Jarsey, Maryland, Pensilvania, Carrolina etc

PublicationLondon, c1686.

DescriptionDouble-page engraved map (475 by 565mm to the neatline, full margins showing the plate mark) with contemporary hand-colour in outline.

Dimensions535 by 640mm. (21 by 25.25 inches).

$12,000.00

Not only does this rare English map of America include the �rst appearance of Philadelphia on a printed map, it famously depicts California as an island. �is is the second state of a frequently mis-cataloged map. According to Taliaferro, this map was o�ered for sale as early as 1684 and that most likely, there are two states of the map, the later (as here) of the two adding an advertisement for maps of Africa, Asia and Europe. �is is the earliest appearance of Philadelphia on a printed map. Due to the changing English political landscape, the dedication to Henry, Duke of Beaufort, in a separate cartouche ®anked by cherubs, makes it improbable that it was published after 1689. Henry was only a lukewarm supporter of the Glorious Revolution. �e map is richly embellished with ships, coats of arms and a second cartouche featuring native inhabitants; and re®ects heightened interest in the English colonies as well as English place-names for much of the New World.

21

Separately issued map of English Colonial America

MORDEN, Robert & BROWNE, Christopher

A New Map of the English Empire in America viz Virginia, Maryland, Carolina, Pennsylvania, New York, New Jarsey, New England, Newfoundland, New France &c

PublicationLondon, c1695.

DescriptionDouble-page engraved map (490 by 630mm to the neatline, full margins showing the plate mark).

Dimensions530 by 630mm. (20.75 by 24.75 inches).

$18,000.00

A rare, separately-published, early map of eastern North America west to the Mississippi River. One of the earliest obtainable English maps to focus on the entirety of English North America.�is is the original state of a map made famous by John Senex in 1719. A nod to English imperial intentions, this map of the eastern part of North America notes coastal development while suggesting available lands in the undeveloped interior of the continent. It features a prominent, albeit �ctitious, mountain range extending from Michigan into Florida and connecting with the Appalachians. �e error remained on maps into the nineteenth century. �e English colonies are shown drawn on recent cartography such as the Hermann map of Virginia and Reed map of William Reed’s manuscript map of New England, and the recent grants of Pennsylvania and West New Jersey. �e map includes an in®uential (though not completely positive) treatment of the Great Lakes, the aforementioned false transcontinental mountain range, a depiction of the Mississippi River, and many details of the English colonies. Morden’s map was an early example of English cartographers contesting French claims to the North American interior: in addition to the American Midwest, Morden depicts much of New France as under English dominion. Nevertheless, the English colonies along the Atlantic Seaboard are carefully delineated according to English sources, but Canada, the Mississippi Valley, and the Great Lakes are based on the French maps of Dablon (1672) and �evenot (1681). With an inset of Boston Harbour to the left of the cartouche derived from the Pound map of 1691, and “A General Map of the Coasts & Isles of Europe, Africa and America” as a globe gore lower right.

22

Brazil

ROGGEVEEN, Arent

De Zeekusten van Westindien

PublicationAmsterdam, [c.1680].

DescriptionDouble-page engraved chart with added hand colour.

Dimensions430 by 535mm (17 by 21 inches).

$3,200.00

Roggeveen’s rare large scale chart of the Amazonian delta - published in Roggeveen’s exceedingly rare sea pilot ‘Het Brandende Veen’. �is map shows the northern end of the Amazonian delta which empties out into the Atlantic to the lower leftmost corner, with the “Linea Aequinoetialis”, or equator, clearly delineated. �e coastal outline progresses into Brazil’s northeastern coast in the Brazilian state of Amapa, whose River Oyapock (identi�ed as “Rio Warypoco” in this map) marks the border between Brazil and French Guyana. Amapa was an historical administrative division of the former Portuguese colonial empires, who warded o� English and Dutch invaders. Roggeveen, born in Delshaven, came to Middleburg, the seat of both the Dutch East and West India Companies, in 1658. He worked for both companies teaching the art of navigation and helped to maintain their collections of hydrographic manuscripts and charts, including Spanish portolans of the West Indies. In the mid-1660s, assisted by his access to these collections, Roggeveen embarked upon compiling a series of large-scale charts of the North American coastline, West Indies, and, later, West Africa. Many of his charts are based upon the earlier large-scale work of Hessel Gerritsz and Joan Vingboons, both cartographers for the Dutch East and West India Companies, but Roggeveen’s work was the �rst to show the whole coastline of North America and the Caribbean. He called this pilot ‘Het Brandende Veen’ or ‘�e Burning Fen’; a pun on his name, as ‘veen’ means ‘fen’, and a heap of burning fen represents a �re on the coast to guide or warn ships. �e �rst edition of the atlas was published in 1675 by Pieter Goos, however, due to the death of Goos in the same year, and that of Roggeveen four years later, a second edition would not be published until 1680, by which time the plates had been acquired by the chart dealer Jacobus Robijn. Robijn went on to republish the second edition in 1689, with a third edition appearing in 1698.

23

Suriname

ROGGEVEEN, Arent

Paskaert vande Cust van Westindien… Soronama

PublicationAmsterdam, [1698].

DescriptionDouble-page engraved chart with added hand colour.

Dimensions430 by 535mm (17 by 21 inches).

$3,200.00

Roggeveen’s large-scale chart of the mouth of the Suriname River - published in Roggeveen’s exceedingly rare sea pilot ‘Het Brandende Veen’. �is map shows the Suriname River where it empties out into the Atlantic Ocean. Featured is “Fort Paramaribo”, known today as Fort Zeelandia, laying on the bank of the Suriname River in the present-day capital of Suriname, Paramaribo. Fort Paramibo was claimed and re-vamped by the French, Dutch and the British to protect them from sea-fareing rival powers. It was also built to protect against slave rebellions - Suriname harbored cocoa, co�ee, sugar cane and cotton plantations where conditions were notoriously bad.

Trinidad

ROGGEVEEN, Arent

Paskaerte van ‘t Eylandt Trinidad

PublicationAmsterdam, [c.1680].

DescriptionDouble-page engraved chart with added hand colour.

Dimensions430 by 535mm (17 by 21 inches).

$5,000.00

�e �rst large scale Dutch chart of Trinidad - published in Roggeveen’s exceedingly rare sea pilot ‘Het Brandende Veen’.

24 25

Columbia

ROGGEVEEN, Arent

De Cust van Westindien… Venecuela en St Martha.

PublicationAmsterdam, [c.1680].

DescriptionDouble-page engraved chart with added hand colour.

Dimensions430 by 535mm (17 by 21 inches).

$3,800.00

Detailed chart of Columbia’s east coast - published in Roggeveen’s exceedingly rare sea pilot ‘Het Brandende Veen’.

Panama

ROGGEVEEN, Arent

De Cust van Westindien … Punta St. Blaes

PublicationAmsterdam, [c.1680].

DescriptionDouble-page engraved chart with added hand colour.

Dimensions430 by 535mm (17 by 21 inches).

$3,200.00

First large-scale Dutch chart of the northern Panama coast and the San Blas Islands - published in Roggeveen’s exceedingly rare sea pilot ‘Het Brandende Veen’.

26 27

Panama

ROGGEVEEN, Arent

De Cust van Westindien … Punta d Naes.

PublicationAmsterdam, [c.1680].

DescriptionDouble-page engraved chart with added hand colour.

Dimensions430 by 535mm (17 by 21 inches).

$3,200.00

First large-scale Dutch sea chart of the Panamanian Coastline, between Bahia St. Blaes and Punta de Naes, centered on Nombre de Dios and Porta Bella - published in Roggeveen’s exceedingly rare sea pilot ‘Het Brandende Veen’.

Panama

ROGGEVEEN, Arent

Paskaert vande Cust van Westindien… Rio Desaguadera

PublicationAmsterdam, [c.1680].

DescriptionDouble-page engraved chart with added hand colour.

Dimensions430 by 535mm (17 by 21 inches).

$3,200.00

First large-scale Dutch chart of Panama’s northern Caribbean coast - published in Roggeveen’s exceedingly rare sea pilot ‘Het Brandende Veen’.

28 29

ROGGEVEEN, Arent

Paskaerte vande Cust van West-Indien… C. de Honduras

PublicationAmsterdam, [c.1680].

DescriptionDouble-page engraved chart with added hand colour.

Dimensions430 by 535mm (17 by 21 inches).

$2,500.00

Nicaragua

�e �rst large-scale Dutch sea chart of Nigaragua’s Caribbean coast with Lake Nicaragua - published in Roggeveen’s exceedingly rare sea pilot ‘Het Brandende Veen’.

ROGGEVEEN, Arent

De Cust van Westindien… C. Escondido

PublicationAmsterdam, [c.1680]

DescriptionDouble-page engraved chart.

Dimensions430 by 535mm (17 by 21 inches).

ReferencesBurden 454 state 2.

$25,000.00

Texas

“One of the most important of Roggeveen’s charts, the �rst Dutch one of the region and the most detailed chart of the present day Texan coastline to date” (Burden) - published in Roggeveen’s exceedingly rare sea pilot ‘Het Brandende Veen’.

30 31

ROGGEVEEN, Arent

Pascaerte Van’t Canael de Bahama

PublicationAmsterdam, [c.1680]

DescriptionDouble-page engraved chart.

Dimensions430 by 535mm (17 by 21 inches).

$25,000.00

Florida and the Bahamas

�e �rst large-scale Dutch sea chart of the Bahamas and Florida’s east coast - published in Roggeveen’s exceedingly rare sea pilot ‘Het Brandende Veen’.

ROGGEVEEN, Arent

Pascaerte vande Caribes Eylanden

PublicationAmsterdam, [c.1680]

DescriptionDouble-page engraved chart.

Dimensions430 by 535mm (17 by 21 inches).

$5,000.00

Lesser Antilles

First large-scale Dutch sea chart of the Lesser Antilles - published in Roggeveen’s exceedingly rare sea pilot ‘Het Brandende Veen’.

32 33

ROGGEVEEN, Arent

Pascaerte van de Noordcust van Spagnola…

PublicationAmsterdam, [c.1680]

DescriptionDouble-page engraved chart.

Dimensions430 by 535mm (17 by 21 inches).

$2,500.00

Haiti

�e �rst large-scale Dutch chart of northwestern coast of Haiti, and Tortue Island - published in Roggeveen’s exceedingly rare sea pilot ‘Het Brandende Veen’.

ROGGEVEEN, Arent

Pascaerte van de Eylanden Cuba en Jamaica

PublicationAmsterdam, [c.1680]

DescriptionDouble-page engraved chart.

Dimensions430 by 535mm (17 by 21 inches).

$11,500.00

Cuba and Jamaica

First large-scale Dutch chart of Cuba and Jamaica - published in Roggeveen’s exceedingly rare sea pilot ‘Het Brandende Veen’.

34 35

ROGGEVEEN, Arent

Paskaert vande Noord Cust van Cuba

PublicationAmsterdam, [c.1680]

DescriptionDouble-page engraved chart.

Dimensions430 by 535mm (17 by 21 inches).

$5,000.00

Cuba and Havana

First large scale Dutch chart of the north coast of Cuba and Havana - published in Roggeveen’s exceedingly rare sea pilot ‘Het Brandende Veen’.

ROGGEVEEN, Arent

Pascaerte van Nieu Nederland… Hendrick Christiaens Eylandt

PublicationAmsterdam, [c.1680]

DescriptionDouble-page engraved chart.

Dimensions430 by 535mm (17 by 21 inches).

$38,000.00

“�e �rst sea chart of Long Island...” (Burden)

�e �rst sea chart of Long Island - published in Roggeveen’s exceedingly rare sea pilot ‘Het Brandende Veen’.

36 37

ROGGEVEEN, Arent

Pascaert van Nieu Nederland… Cabo Cod

PublicationAmsterdam, [c.1680]

DescriptionDouble-page engraved chart.

Dimensions430 by 535mm (17 by 21 inches).

$38,000.00

Cape Cod

“�e �rst and only Dutch sea chart of Cape Cod and is a legendary rarity on the open market” (Burden) -published in Roggeveen’s exceedingly rare sea pilot ‘Het Brandende Veen’.

38

Moll’s map of North America

MOLL, Herman

A New Map of the North Parts of America A New Map of the North Parts of America claimed by France under ye Names of Louisiana, Mississipi, Canada and New France with ye Adjoyning Territories of England and Spain.

PublicationLondon, Herman Moll, 1720.

Dimensions600 by 1000mm. (23.5 by 39.25 inches).

ReferencesDegrees of Latitude 21; Cumming British Maps of Colonial America pp.10-12; cf. Cumming The Southeast in Early Maps pp.21-24; Phillips p.570; cf. Reinhartz The Cartographer and the Literati-Herman Moll and His Intellectual Circle pp.18-36.

$13,000.00

An emphatic statement in the cartographic wrangling between Britain and France over America, Hermann Moll’s map of North America �rmly rebuts the claims made by Guillaume de L’Isle in his 1718 map of the Mississippi Valley, which had “signi�cantly reduced the western boundaries of the British colonies along the east coast, thereby adding territory claimed by England to French Louisiana” (Degrees of Latitude). Although Moll borrows elements from de L’Isle, he enlarges the map as a whole and makes radical changes to the extent of French claims in America, challenging the claim to the Valley and to the territory of Ohio. Moll calls to arms any English property owners in Carolina, drawing their attention to the ‘Incroachments’ of the French map on their ‘Properties’ and on the land of their Indian allies. �e map shows the area east of the Mississippi as English, and challenges French claims in the east by returning part of Florida to the control of Spain. An inscription acknowledges the debt to de L’Isle for the outline of southwest Louisiana, but does not pronounce on the competing claims to the state or on the British claim to Carolina. As noted by Reinhartz, an important feature is Moll’s coastal geography, depicting barrier islands and the mouths of various rivers draining into the Gulf of Mexico. He also makes some interesting observations on local wild life, including the “Country full of Beeves” and the Spanish cattle which would eventually become the Texas longhorns, and notes the positions and allegiances of Native American nations. Moll used de L’Isle’s map and a manuscript map in the Public Record Oºce as sources, which provided the detail of both his cartographical and cultural data. He made four large maps of North America, establishing himself as the leading English mapmaker in the early eighteenth century.

39

France’s claims to the New World

VAN KEULEN, Gerard

Carte de la Nouvelle France ou se Voit le Cours des Grandes Rivieres de S. Laurens & de Mississipi...

PublicationAmsterdam, c1720.

DescriptionFirst edition, first issue. Engraved map on two sheets, joined (585 by 1000mm to the neatline, full margins showing the plate mark), with fine contemporary hand-colour in full.

Dimensions605 by 1030mm. (23.75 by 40.5 inches).

$16,000.00

�is is the �rst issue of a rare two sheet map published by Gerard Van Keulen, hydrographer of the Dutch East India Company, without the imprint of Van Keulen’s widow. Based on Nicolas De Fer’s rare 4-sheet map of the French territories in North America. Van Keulen’s map, �rst issued in 1720, is the earliest obtainable large format map and an impressive representation of the French claims in the New World at the height of France’s American empire. While less embellished, it faithfully follows De Fer’s original, including a reference to John Law’s French Company of the West (for whom it was prepared, with the addition of a large inset showing the mouth of the Mississippi River that includes Fort St. Louis. De Fer’s map signi�cantly updated cartographic information in a number of regions, including the Mississippi River, the Gulf Coast, and the Great Lakes. De Fer’s map was commissioned by John Law’s Compagnie d’accident (Company of the West) to demonstrate the potential of French Louisiana. Law’s company had just received commercial rights to the vast territory. Moreover, De Fer’s map was the �rst printed map to incorporate information from Spanish manuscript charts, especially of the Gulf Coast and Great Lakes, as well as crediting the most important French explorers and missionaries in America. Like its predecessor, Van Keulen’s map was driven largely by commercial interests, only in this instance, the Dutch East India Company.

40

South-Sea Company

MOLL, Herman

A New & Exact Map of the Coast, Countries and Islands within the Limits of ye South Sea Company from ye River Aranoca to Terra del Fuego and from thence through ye South Seas to ye North Part of California &c. With a View of the General and Coasting Trade-Winds. and perticular draughts of the most important Bays, Ports &c. According toye Newest Observations.

PublicationLondon Sold by Herman Moll and by I. King at ye Globe at the Poultrey near Stocks Market 1726.

Description4 sheets joined. Double-page engraved map (left and right-hand margins close-cropped)

Dimensions700 by 485mm. (27.5 by 19 inches).

$6,500.00

A �ne map of South America with a number of insets, including across the top of the map three maps pasted to the main sheet: “A Map of the Isle Chiloe”, “A map of ye port of Baldivia with the forti�cations and islands”, and “�e bay of Guiaquil”, then within main map these vignettes appear “A chart from England to the river Aranoca”, “Peypses or Pepys I.”, “A map of ye Straits of Magellan”, “A map of the isthmus of Darien the bay of Panama“, “�e island of Juan Ferdinando”, “�e Gallapagos Islands”, “�e gulf of Nicoya or gulf of Salinas”, “�e gulf of Amapalla or Fonesca”, and “�e port of Acapulco”. Moll, along with his colleagues, Daniel Defoe, William Dampier and Woodes Rogers, shared and promoted a vision of South Sea development bolstered in large part by Moll’s maps of the region. �e South Sea Company, charted by Parliament in 1711, was actually conceived by John Paterson, a Scot who also created the Bank of England. Moll was very political and often used the blank areas of his large-format maps to express his views, for example his dislike of the Dutch & French, especially their mapmakers. (See MapForum.Com: Issue 6, Treacle & Vinegar). Here his target is not foreigners (Moll was a German emigré!), but the failure to capitalise on Scotland’s resources. He marks the �shing grounds and states “if things were rightly managed, there would be no reason to go to Norway for wood or New-found-land for �sh; seeing North Britain can Plentifully furnish us with both”.

41

First state of Cook’s seminal map of the St Laurence River

COOK, Captain James

A New Chart of the River St Laurence, from the Island of Anticosti To the Falls of Richelieu: With all the islands, rocks, shoals, and soundings, also particular directions for navigating the river with safety. Taken by Order of Charles Saunders, Esqr. Vice-Admiral of the Blue and Commander in Chief of His Majesty’s Ships in the Expedition against Quebec in 1759. This chart was drawn from particular surveys of the following places; and published for the use of British navigators, by command of the Right Honourable the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty Charles Saunder, Pall Mall, May 1st., 1760.

PublicationLondon: Published by Command of The Right Honourable the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, 1760.

DescriptionEngraved chart in 12 sheets, dissected and laid on linen. Modern marbled paper slipcase, embossed red morocco title label.

Dimensions835 by 2375mm. (32.75 by 93.5 inches).

ReferencesBeaglehole, The Life of Captain James Cook, p.51-2; Kershaw, Early Printed Maps of Canada, no.647, plate 470; Stevens & Tree, Comparative Cartography of America, 74a: “Capt. Cook’s famous chart.”

$35,000.00

First state of Cook’s seminal map of the St Laurence River Captain cook’s famous chart. The rare first state of the most important published chart for the river and gulf of St Lawrence of the eighteenth century. This remarkable chart, over seven feet long, was so accurate that it “became the standard guide not only for the navy but for all seamen using the great waterway” (Beaglehole). In preparation for an amphibious attack on Quebec, during the French and Indian War, the British initially relied on captured French charts but, in view of the treacherous nature of stretches of the river, and lack of first-hand knowledge of the river, assembled a distinguished team of military surveyors, notably Samuel Holland, Joseph Frederick Wallet des Barres and, later to eclipse them all, the young James Cook. Although the impetus for this chart is credited to Charles Saunders, commander of the fleet at Quebec, much of the work was carried out under the auspices of Vice-Admiral Philip Durell, himself a distinguished hydrographer, who was entrusted with the task of keeping British shipping and supplies moving up- and down-river, for which ever more accurate charts were required. The survey materials were taken back to England by Admiral Saunders and given to the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, who passed them to Thomas Jefferys, mapmaker to the British government, for publication. Saunders presented examples to the King and the Prince of Wales in May 1760. Cook’s extensive and accurate work on this chart secured him a posting to survey the coasts of Newfoundland, which brought his name to the fore when the Admiralty was looking for a highly qualified naval officer to command a scientific voyage to the Pacific.

42 Cook was sent to America in 1757, at the beginning of the Seven Years War. He was then just a master on HMS Pembroke. He took part in the capture of Louisbourg, where he learnt surveying and chartmaking from Samuel Holland. His chart of the St Laurence River was one of his earliest efforts. The St Laurence River was a key Cook’s cartographic skill gained him notice amongst his superiors, and his commander Admiral Sir Charles Saunders arranged for them to be published in England. Following the fall of Louisbourg the British wintered in Halifax but in May 1759 set off up the St. Lawrence River to capture the main French stronghold of Quebec. Cook’s ship assisted with the ferrying of troops and the charting of the St.Lawrence River in preparation for the assault on Quebec. The town fell to the British in September 1759 after an assault by the army of General Wolfe. “On June 17, 1755, ranked as an able-bodied seaman, Cook reported for naval service at Wapping, part of the dock lands of East London, on the River Thames. During the Seven Years’ War between England and France, Cook served on several ships, including the HMS Eagle under Sir Hugh Palliser (1722–1796), who became another keen supporter of the seaman and his talents. He gave Cook opportunities for special instruction in navigation and charting; Cook was promoted to full master rank within two years. In the St. Lawrence River in Canada in the winter and early spring of 1758–1759, he undertook with others a detailed navigational survey that was critical in the successful September landing of the British troops under General James Wolfe that defeated the French at Quebec City. The resulting chart, “A New Chart of the River St. Laurence: From the Island of Anticosti to the Falls of Richelieu: With All the Islands, Rocks, Shoals, and Soundings, also Particular Directions for Navigating the River with Safety; Taken by the Order of Charles Saunders, Esqr. Vice-Admiral of the Blue, and Commander in Chief of His Majesty’s Ships in the Expedition against Quebec in 1759,” published in London in 1760 in twelve sheets, measuring (in total) seven feet by three feet, signaled Cook’s arrival as a superb surveyor.” (Princeton University online). This superb chart, engraved by Thomas Jefferys “Geographer to his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales”, shows settlements, ship channels, and anchorages, 17 coastal views and insets of River St. Laurence from Quebec to Isle of Orleans, River St. Laurence from Richelieu Falls to the English Bank, Bay of the Seven Islands, Mingan Island, Mingan Harbor, Gaspee Bay, and River St. Laurence from English Bank to Green Island.

Rare map published during the War of Jenkin’s Ear

[FOSTER, G]

The Seat of War in the West Indies containing New and Accurate Plans of the Havana, La Vera Cruz, Cartagena and Puerto Bello (taken from Spanish Draughts).

PublicationLondon, W. Nicoll in St Pauls Church Yard, [c.1762].

DescriptionEngraving, with outline colour to the chart of the West Indies.

Dimensions425 by 470mm. (16.75 by 18.5 inches).

ReferencesJ.M. Mancini, “Siege Mentalities: Objects in Motion, British Imperial Expansion, and the Pacific Turn” Wintherthur Portfolio 45 (2011), 125-140.

$3,200.00

�is rare separately issued sheet was originally published during the War of Jenkin’s Ear. �is edition was reissued during the Seven Years’ War by William Nicoll. At the upper left is a general map of the West Indies, and the other nine plans and views show important ports throughout the region. Each of them are annotated with details of the defences and their military history. �e plan at the upper right corner shows Porto Bello, where the British had won a famous victory in 1739. Admiral Vernon took part in a failed attempt to stop a Spanish treasure ®eet sailing from Porto Bello in 1727, and subsequently claimed that he could take the port with just six ships. He was given the Jamaica command, and launched an expedition to Porto Bello in 1739, occupying the town for three weeks and destroying it as a viable port. �e British accomplished the occupation with only three lives lost. Cartagena is included as an important stop on the Spanish bullion route (Vernon had failed to capture the town just before he took Porto Bello). St Augustine in Florida appears because of the part in played in General Oglethorpe’s invasion of Florida. He took two settlements in the St John’s River before being repelled by the defenders in St Augustine in 1740. �e plan of Havana below has been “improved from a plan of Admiral Vernon’s” and is accompanied by a coastal view: “this particular combination of hydrographic chart and narrative coastal pro�le” was often used in publications urging military action and showing the potential gains (Mancini). �e religious settlements in Havana are carefully outlined. Given that they are Catholic institutions, they are not of any spiritual interest to a British audience; they represent the richest and most poorly guarded places on the island. �e text underneath the images explains that “the best and indeed only way to secure our navigation in the American seas ... will be to seize some port or ports commanding the entrance of the Gulf of Florida ... and it appears from the above chart that Havana is the only port in the West Indies �t for the purpose”. �e map was reissued in connection with the 1762 Battle of Havana, when the British held the city under siege for two months before it �nally surrendered on 11 August. �e capture of Havana, along with that of Manila shortly after, gave the British control of the capitals of the East and West Indies, and was widely celebrated in Britain. �eir return in the 1763 Treaty of Paris contributed to the Treaty’s unpopularity. Rare; there is only one institutional example of this edition, held at the University of Texas.

43

British Colonies in America

POWNALL, Thomas & EVANS, Lewis

A Map of the Middle British Colonies in North America First Published by Mr. Lewis Evans, of and since corrected and improved, as also extended, with the addition of New England, and bordering parts of Canada; from actual surveys ... by T. Pownall ...March 25th, 1776

PublicationLondon, J. Almon, 1776.

DescriptionLarge engraved map, 2 sheets joined (490 by 840mm to the neatline, full margins showing the plate mark), (laid down on archival paper, old folds).

Dimensions530 by 860mm. (20.75 by 33.75 inches).

ReferencesStreeter, Lewis Evans His Map, pp.17-28; Schwartz/Ehrenberg, p.162, pl. 98.

$13,500.00

A �ne engraved and comprehensive map of the northeastern states of America from the borders with Nova Scotia and New France in the north to Chesapeake Bay in the south, west to Ohio and beyond, from Evans’ original map, and extended to include the coastline by Pownall, with an inset of the “Remaining Part of the Ohio R. etc.” Published in “A Topographical Description of Such Parts of North America as are Contained in the (Annexed) Map of the Middle British Colonies, &c in North America”, 1776. �is is by far the most important issue of Evans’ map published after his original of 1755 which Schwartz calls “the most ambitious performance of its kind undertaken in America up to that time.” Evans’ was the �rst to map with general accuracy the trans-Appalachian region and parts of the midwest. Pownall’s was the only subsequent issue of the Evans map to use the original plate. In an unusual piece of cartographic augmentation, Pownall produced a new plate of the northeast that was not on the original Evans plate and appended it to the original plate. Pownall, who had been governor of Massachusetts, stated that the New England section of the map was based on new information, “later Draughts and Surveys deposited at the Board of Trade” (Pownall). As Stevens observed, Pownall also signi�cantly updated the original plate: “the whole of the map east of the longitude of Philadelphia is greatly changed, and is �lled in with new details”. Unlike the pirated editions of the Evans map by Je�erys, Sayer, Kitchen and Bowles, Pownall’s was authorized by Evans. In fact, a commendation of the map signed by Evans appears in the upper left-hand corner.

44

“One of the most beautiful, important, and accurate early plans of New York.” - Stokes

RATZER, Bernard

Plan of the City of New York, in North America surveyed in the Years 1766 & 1767.

PublicationLondon, Publishd according to Act of Parliament Jany. 12, 1776: by Jefferys & Faden, Corner of St. Martins Lane, Charing Cross. 1776.

DescriptionLarge folding engraved map, 3 sheets joined, dissected and laid down on linen in 16 sections.

Dimensions1190 by 875mm. (46.75 by 34.5 inches).

ReferencesCohen and Augustyn Manhattan in Maps pp.73-77; Cumming, “The Montresor-Ratzer-Sauthier Sequence of Maps of New York City, 1766-76” in Imago Mundi Vol. 31 (1979), pp. 55-65.

$265,000.00

“Perhaps the �nest map of an American city and its environs produced in the eighteenth century” (Augustyn). �is superb and elegant map takes in the southern end of Manhattan island, as far north as 50th Street today, the marshy New Jersey shores of the Hudson, Kennedy, Bucking and Governors Islands, and parts of present day Brooklyn along the East River. It shows the city of about 25,000 people, surrounded by countryside that includes much of Manhattan and Brooklyn. �e view at the bottom, “A South West View of the City of New York, Taken from the Governours Island at *” is after a watercolor by Captain-Lieutenant �omas Davis. �e title and list of references appears within a rococo cartouche lower left, the dedication to Sir Henry Moore, the Governor of New York, in another upper left, a scale lower right. �e map is a ultimate culmination of Ratzer’s surveys of 1766 and 1767. �e �rst map generated by those surveys, his “Ratzen” plan of just the city, was sent back to London and engraved by �omas Kitchen, Hydrographer to the Duke of York and later the King, and published in 1769, with Ratzer’s name misspelled. By about 1770 a more extensive plan of the city and its environs was completed and published undated by Kitchin. �e present map was published, unchanged, by Je�erys and Faden, although it was rarely included in Faden’s “North American Atlas” of 1777, and the map remains exceptionally rare. Bernard Ratzer served in the British Army in the 60th or American regiment, surveying the east coast of North America during the French and Indian War and later the Revolutionary War. His earliest known map is a manuscript chart of Passamquoddy Bay in Maine in 1756. Various other manuscript plans of forts followed, and he collaborated with Sauthier on his survey of New York, published in 1776. In 1769 Sir Henry Moore gave him the task of surveying the New York - NewJersey border. Ratzer’s map is a signi�cant improvement his earlier plan: the wharves along the Sound are shown and the streets given names, new buildings and streets on either side of the Bowery are entered, and Ratzer has included careful topographical surveys of the eastern tip of long island adjacent to ‘�e Sound or East River’.”�e Methodist Meeting House, not completed until 1768, is identi�ed, and the scale has been reduced by half – 800 feet to one inch. �e enlarged area extends north to approximately present 42nd street, and the New Jersey Shore and Long Island bordering the East River are included. �e cultivated �elds, roads, buildings, and names of chief property owners are shown in remarkable detail” (Cumming).

45

New Jersey Boundary Settled

FADEN, William

The Province of New Jersey, Divided into East and West, Commonly Called the Jerseys

PublicationLondon, December 1, 1777.

DescriptionDouble-page engraved map (780 by 560mm to the neatline, full margins showing the plate mark).

Dimensions830 by 640mm. (32.75 by 25.25 inches).

$20,000.00

After nearly a century of border disputes between New York and New Jersey, George III established a commission to settle the claims, and Lieutenant Bernard Ratzer �nally surveyed the boundary line in 1769. Faden’s map also demarcates “East New Jersey” and “West New Jersey” based on a “Division Line Run in 1743.” It includes “the three lower counties” leased by William Penn and his heirs: the present state of Delaware. Additionally, the map reaches west into Pennsylvania as far as Reading, southwest to a sliver of Maryland and the Chesapeake Bay, north to Newburgh, New York, and east as far as Stamford, Connecticut. Topographic features, post roads, a unique pastoral cartouche, and the site of the early Revolutionary War Battle of White Plains (October 28, 1776) complete the details of this impressive map. William Faden, partner of celebrated London engraver �omas Je�erys, was named the King’s oºcial geographer in 1775, two years prior to producing this map.

46

�e �rst sea chart of the Gulf of Mexico published in America

NORMAN, John

A New General Chart of the West Indies.

PublicationBoston, 1790.

DescriptionLarge engraved map, 2 sheets joined (690 by 1000mm to the neatline, full margins showing the plate mark), (one or two repairs at old folds).

ReferencesEvans 22698; Phillips Maps p.1059 (state 1); Wheat & Brun 683 (state 1); 688 (state 2 - 1794).

$30,000.00

Published for inclusion in Norman’s “�e American Pilot”. �e American Revolution brought an end to Britain’s leading role in the mapping of America, and the American publishing industry, still in its infancy, but with �rst-hand access to the new surveys that were documenting the rapid growth of the nation, gradually came to prominance. In particular, there was a need for nautical charts for use by the expanding New England commercial ®eets. �is chart advances the range of American printed coastal charts beyond Matthew Clark’s 1790 “A Complete Set of Charts of the Coast of America”, which had concluded with Florida. Norman, who was one of Clark’s partners in the earlier work, includes the entire Gulf of Mexico and the northern coast of South America in his map, and therefore this is the �rst sea chart of the Gulf published in America. It was originally advertised for sale as a separate chart on Jan. 1, 1790, and was subsequently included in Norman’s marine atlas “�e American Pilot”, Boston, 1791. In terms of geography, this chart precedes the famous Spanish “Carta Esferica” of 1799, which revolutionized the depiction of much of the Gulf Coast: Norman shows a simpler con�guration for the Texas coastline based on British sources. �e English origin of the information in this chart is con�rmed in engraved endorsement beneath the title: “I the Subscriber do Certify that I have carefully examined this Chart Copied / from a London Publication agreeable to Act of Parliament and / �nd it a true and Accurate Copy of the Original / Osgood Carleton / Teacher of Navigation and other Branches / of the Mathematics Boston Decr. 28, 1789.” Editions of Norman’s “Pilot” appeared in 1791, 1792 and 1794, and after his death, his son, William, brought out editions in 1794, 1798, 1801, and 1803. Despite the seemingly large number of editions, “�e American Pilot” is one of the rarest of all American atlases. Wheat and Brun (p. 198-199) locate just ten complete copies for the �rst �ve editions.

47

Leeward Islands - Barbuda

DECKAR, Captain

The Island of Barbuda, Surveyed by Capt. Deckar R.N. 1813.

PublicationLondon, Capt Hurd RN Hydrographer to the Admiralty, 20th April 1814.

DescriptionEngraved chart.

Dimenisons280 by 205mm. (11 by 8 inches).

$450.00

Rare Admiralty chart of the Barbuda, Leeward Islands. �e survey was carried out by Captain Deckar R.N. John Walker, founding member of the Royal Geographic Society, was a leading mapmaker and engraver working in London in the �rst half of the nineteenth century. He is known to have produced numerous charts for James Horsburgh and the Admiralty.

Lesser Antilles - Saba Island

COLUMBINE, Captain E.H.

The Island of Saba By Capt. E.H. Columbine R.N.

PublicationLondon, Capt Hurd RN Hydrographer to the Admiralty, 15th April 1816.

DescriptionEngraved cahrt, coastal profile below.

Dimensions280 by 205mm. (11 by 8 inches).

$450.00

Rare Admiralty chart of Saba Island. �e survey was carried out by Captain E. H. Columbine. John Walker, founding member of the Royal Geographic Society, was a leading mapmaker and engraver working in London in the �rst half of the nineteenth century. He is known to have produced numerous charts for James Horsburgh and the Admiralty.

48 49

Bequia - Port Elizabeth

DOVERS, Captain

Admiralty Bay, in the Island of Bequila; one of the Grenadines By Capt. Dovers R.N. 1811.

PublicationLondon, Capt. Hurd R.N. Hydrographer to the Admiralty, 1st Oct 1816.

DescriptionEngraved chart.

Dimenisons210 by 285mm. (8.25 by 11.25 inches).

$3,200.00

Rare Admiralty chart of Port Elizabeth, Bequia. �e survey was carried out by Captain Dovers R.N. John Walker, founding member of the Royal Geographic Society, was a leading mapmaker and engraver working in London in the �rst half of the nineteenth century. He is known to have produced numerous charts for James Horsburgh and the Admiralty.

Dominica - Prince Rupert’s Bay

LANGLEY, James and ELLIOT, Captain William

A Survey of Prince Rupert’s Bay in the Island of Dominico by Mr James Langley Master R.N. 1818. Communicated by Capt. Wm. Elliott C.B. R.N.

PublicationLondon, Capt. Hurd R.N. Hydrographer to the Admiralty, 26th Oct 1820.

DescriptionEngraved chart.

Dimensions295 by 200mm. (11.5 by 7.75 inches).

$450.00

Rare Admiralty chart of Prince Rupert’s Bay Dominica. �e survey was carried out by James Langley master R.N. aboard H.M.S. Scamander, captained by William Elliot. John Walker, founding member of the Royal Geographic Society, was a leading mapmaker and engraver working in London in the �rst half of the nineteenth century. He is known to have produced numerous charts for James Horsburgh and the Admiralty.

50 51

St Lucia - Gros Islet and Port Castries

LANGLEY, James and ELLIOT, Captain William; CHAMLER, Lieutenant G.C.

A Survey of Gros Islet Bay in the Island of St Lucia; The Port of Castries or Le Carenage Island St Lucia.

PublicationLondon, 1820-1830.

DescriptionEngraved chart.

Dimensions240 by 210mm. (9.5 by 8.25 inches).

$950.00

Two rare Admiralty charts of the harbours of Gros Islet and Port Castries in St Lucia. �e survey for the map of Gros Islet was carried out by James Langley aboard H.M.S. Scamander, captained by William Elliot. �e survey for the map of Port Castries was carried out by Lieutenant G.C. Chalmer R.N. John and Charles Walker, founding members of the Royal Geographic Society, were leading mapmakers and engravers working in London in the �rst half of the nineteenth century. �ey are known to have produced numerous charts for James Horsburgh and the Admiralty.

Caribbean - Old Providence Island

WALKER, John & Charles

Plan of the Isles St. Catalina and Old Providence, Mosquito Coast. From a Spanish Printed Plan.

PublicationLondon, Hydrographical Office of the Admiralty, 25th March 1824.

DescriptionEngraved chart.

Dimensions290 by 200mm. (11.5 by 7.75 inches).

$700.00

Rare Admiralty chart of Old Providence Island. �e title states that the chart was copied from a ‘Spanish printed Plan’, this refers to the ‘Portulano de la America Setentrional’ a work published by the Spanish Admiralty in 1809, and containing 111 charts of the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. A second edition of the pilot was published in 1818 with 121 charts. John and Charles Walker, founding members of the Royal Geographic Society, were leading mapmakers and engravers working in London in the �rst half of the nineteenth century. �ey are known to have produced numerous charts for James Horsburgh and the Admiralty.

52 53

A rare chart of the Bahama Channel

FADEN, William; J[oseph] FOSS DESSIOU

Chart of the Old Bahama Channel Comprising the Coast of the Isle of Cuba from Icacos Point to Point Guarico with the Adjacent Shoals and Dangers, Drawn Chiefly from the Spanish Surveys. By L. Foss Dessiou Master of the Royal Navy.

PublicationLondon, Brought of W. Faden & Published at the Hydrographical Office of the Admiralty, Sold by R.B. Bate 21 Poultry for the Lords Commissioner’s of the Admiralty by Appointment, May 1823.

DescriptionEngraved chart, inset charts of the anchorage by Green and Confits Key, and the anchorage of Rocky, Mono, and Monillo Keys, backed on japan paper, some minor loss skilfully repaired.

Dimensions620 by 950mm (24.5 by 37.5 inches).

ReferencesBLMC Maps SEC.8.(410.)

$3,800.00

Rare chart of the Southern Bahama Islands and the north coast of Cuba. �e map extends to the Salt Kay Bank and the Island of San Salvador, where Columbus is believed to have landed (so noted on the map). �e inset maps include a “Plan of the Anchorage formed by Green and Con�tes Kays” and “Plan of the Anchorage formed by Rocky, Mono, Monilo, and other adjacent Bays”. Joseph Foss Dessiou (1769-1853) Master RN, was one of the leading hydrographers of his day. Both his father, Joseph Dessiou (1743-1822), and one of his two sons, Joseph Foss Dessiou (1792-1818), were also hydrographers. Up to 1802 he served on naval ships, including the Camilla, Albion, Warrior and Dreadnought. Afterwards, he became master of the merchantman Naples. He was responsible for more than �fty charts and sailing directions, the majority of which were published by William Faden. Many of his charts, most notably those of the Channel could and were formed into pilots. In February 1828, he was appointed to the Hydrographical Oºce, where he helped in the production of the �rst volume of the Admiralty Pilot and produced several more charts, and numerous tidal charts. He would late become among the �rst systematic tidal investigators and paid tidal scientists.

54

Unrecorded example of Melish’s map of Philadelphia

MELISH, John

Map of Pennsylvania, Constructed from the County Surveys…Corrected and Improved to 1825 .

PublicationPhiladelphia, Benjamin Tanner 1825.

DescriptionState 3. Large folding engraved map on six sheets,dissected in 40 sections and laid down on linen, with contemporary hand-colour in outline, trimmed with pale blue silk; folding into marbled paper ends and loosely inserted in contemporary red roan backed marbled paper chemise, gilt.

Dimensions920 by 1450mm. (36.25 by 57 inches).

ReferencesRistow, American Maps & Mapmakers, p446; Ristow, A la Carte pp 162-182; Schwartz & Ehrenbergpp 238-239, pl. 233; Wheat II, no 322, pp. 62-64.

$32,500.00

Unrecorded example of state 3: with an additional imprint, not present on the 1822 editions of the map, found below the bottom border on the right: “Published by B. Tanner, Engraver. No. 74 South Eighth Street, Philadelphia”, without manuscript ink annotations in the upper left corner of the map as on the State 1a 1822 editions. John Melish’s map of Pennsylvania is one of the earliest important large format maps of an individual American state. �e state of Pennsylvania authorized it with an 1816 legislative act, and John Melish created it using county maps from a variety of surveys conducted between 1816 and 1820. He delivered it in March 1822. As with his map of the United states, Melish meticulously compiled the best available information and regularly updated his map. After Melish’s death in December 1822, Philadelphia engraver Benjamin Tanner made no less than 6,447 corrections before publishing this updated version in 1825. Tanner took pains to list his many additions and improvements in a February 17, 1825, letter. In addition to Pennsylvania, it includes all of New Jersey and parts of Delaware and Maryland, although in less detail. Longitude is marked by using Washington, D.C. as the Prime Meridian. Very rare on the market, the present example is the Babinski copy of the “unrecorded and very rare. state 3.” one of an estimated number of 64 copies published, and bearing the additional imprint “Published by B. Tanner, Engraver. No. 74 South Eighth Street, Philadelphia.” With a large vignette depicting the Pennsylvania state seal.

Provenance1. Mark Babinski, his sale, Swann Galleries, 8th December, 2005, lot 74.

55

Admiralty charts of Venezuela

[Various authors]

[Admiralty charts of Venezuela] The Bay of Corsarios on the Coast of Terra Firma; The Port of Turiamo on the Coast of Terra Firma; The Port of Mochima on the Coast of Terra Firma; The Bay of Unare on the Coast of Terra Firma; The Bays of Porto Santo on the Coast of Terra Firma; The Bay of Carupano on the Coast of Terra Firma; The Bay of Esmerelda on the Coast of Terra Firma; The Bays of Pampater and Port Moreno in the island of Margarita [and] The Port of Laguna Grande del Obispo in the Gulf of Cariaco.

PublicationLondon, Hydrographical Office of the Admiralty, 1826-27.

$1,300.00

Five rare Admiralty charts of the coast of Venezuela. Some of the charts’ titles state that they were copied from a ‘Spanish printed Plan’, referring to the ‘Portulano de la America Setentrional’, a work published by the Spanish Admiralty in 1809, and containing 111 charts of the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. A second edition of the pilot was published in 1818 with 121 charts. John and Charles Walker, founding members of the Royal Geographic Society, were leading mapmakers and engravers working in London in the �rst half of the nineteenth century. �ey are known to have produced numerous charts for James Horsburgh and the Admiralty.

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Admiralty charts of Cuba

[Various authors]

[Admiralty Charts of Cuba] The Port of St Jago de Cuba; The Port of Baltiqueri on the South Coast of Cuba; Port Escondido or Hidden Harbour on the South Coast of Cuba; Bahia Honda on the North Coast of Cuba; The Port of Naranjo on the North Coast of Cuba; The Port of Cayaguanique on the North Coast of Cuba; Port Jururu on the North Coast of Cuba; Port Padre on the North Coast of Cuba; The Port of Mata on the North Coast of Cuba; The Port of Banes on the North Coast of Cuba; The Port of Jaragua on the North Coast of Cuba; The Port of Gibara on the North Coast of Cuba; Port Mariel on the North Coast of Cuba; The Port of Sama on the North Coast of Cuba; The Port of Tanamo on the North Coast of Cuba; The Port of Cayomoa on the North Coast of Cuba; The Port of Cebollas on the North Coast of Cuba; The Port of Baracoa on the North Coast of Cuba; The Port of Manati on the North Coast of Cuba; The Port of Taco on the North Coast of Cuba; The Port of Yaguanique on the North Coast of Cuba; Port of Nuevas Grandes on the North Coast of Cuba; Port Bariai on the North Coast of Cuba; The Port of Cananova on the North Coast of Cuba; Plan of the Pto. de Vita on the North Coast of Cuba; The Ports of Cabonico & Livisa, on the North Coast of Cuba; The Port of Nipe on the North Coast of Cuba; The Port of Matanzas on the North Coast of Cuba; The Port of Navas on the North Coast of Cuba; The Port of Maravi on the N.E. Coast of Cuba; Porto de Cavanas.

PublicationLondon, 1822-29.

DescriptionEngraved charts.

$13,000.00

A set of 31 Admiralty charts of Cuba. Many of the charts were copied from ‘Spanish printed Plans’, referring to the ‘Portulano de la America Setentrional’, a work published by the Spanish Admiralty in 1809, and containing 111 charts of the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. A second edition of the pilot was published in 1818 with 121 charts. John and Charles Walker, founding members of the Royal Geographic Society, were leading mapmakers and engravers working in London in the �rst half of the nineteenth century. �ey are known to have produced numerous charts for James Horsburgh and the Admiralty.

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Admiralty charts of the Bahamas

[Various]

[Admiralty charts of the Bahamas] Pelican and Little Harbours; Whale Cay and Green Turtle Cay Anchorages; Man of War Cay Anchorage; Royal and Egg Islands, Royal Island Harbour.

PublicationLondon, 1830-31.

DescriptionEngraved charts.

$5,000.00

Four rare Admiralty charts of the Bahamas. �e surveys for these charts was carried out by Admiralty surveyor Anthony de Mayne (®.1815-28), aboard HMS Landrail. He would later become Master of H.M.S. Kangaroo, a survey brig purchased in 1818 in the West Indies. Re-rigged as a ship in 1823 and wrecked o� Cuba in 1828. De Mayne was court-martialed for the loss the ship, but was later restored to his post. He was evidently well respected as Captain William Steetz in ‘Instruction Nautique sur Les Passages a L’Ile de Cuba et au Golfe du Mexique...’, 1825, singles him out for particular praise. John and Charles Walker, founding members of the Royal Geographic Society, were leading mapmakers and engravers working in London in the �rst half of the nineteenth century. �ey are known to have produced numerous charts for James Horsburgh and the Admiralty.

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Admiralty charts of Haiti and the Dominican Republic

[Various authors]

[Admiralty charts of Haiti and the Dominican Republic] The Mole of Saint Nicholas; Plan of Gonaives Bay on the West Coast of St Domingo; Plan of the Bay of St Mark on the West Coast of St Domingo; Plan of Mancenille Bay on the North Coast of St Domingo; Bay and Harbour of Port au Prince, in the Island of Haiti; Puerto de Plata, on the North Coast of Haiti; Plan of the Harbour of Cape Francois, now generally called Cape Henry, in the Island of St Domingo; Plan of the Harbour of Lacui, on the North Coast of St Domingo; Plan of the Bay of Port Dauphin, on the North Coast of St Domingo; Plan of the Bays of Cayemites and Baradaires, on the North Coast of St Domingo; Plan of the Bay of Aquin on the South Coast of St Domingo; Plan of the Bay of Flamand on the South Coast of St Domingo; Plan of the Bay of Aux Cayes on the South Coast of St Domingo; A Survey of the Harbour of Jacquemel in the Island of St Domingo; Plan of the Bays of St Louis & Meste, on the South Coast of St Domingo.

PublicationLondon, Hydrographical Office of the Admiralty, 1821-1831.

DescriptionFifteen engraved charts.

$4,800.00

Collection of rare Admiralty charts of Haiti and the Dominican Republic. �e survey of the island was carried out by Commander Richard Owen, aboard H.M.S. Blossom. �e Blossom was a 18-gun Cormorant-class sloop-of-war. She was built in 1806 and is best known for the 1825–1828 expedition under Captain Beechey to the Paci�c Ocean. She explored as far north as Point Barrow, Alaska, the furthest point into the Arctic any non-Inuit had been at the time. She was �nally broken up in 1848. John and Charles Walker, founding members of the Royal Geographic Society, were leading mapmakers and engravers working in London in the �rst half of the nineteenth century. �ey are known to have produced numerous charts for James Horsburgh and the Admiralty.

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Martinique - Fort de France Bay

MONNIER, M.

Fort Royal Bay, in the Island of Martinique By M. Monnier, Ingenieur Hydrographe de Marine 1825.

PublicationLondon, Hydrographical Office of the Admiralty, 1st March 1833.

DescriptionEngraved chart.

Dimensions220 by 305mm. (8.75 by 12 inches).

$450.00

Rare Admiralty chart of the Fort de France Bay, Martinique. �e survey was carried out by M. Monnier, a surveyor for the French Navy Admiralty. John and Charles Walker, founding members of the Royal Geographic Society, were leading mapmakers and engravers working in London in the �rst half of the nineteenth century. �ey are known to have produced numerous charts for James Horsburgh and the Admiralty.

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Wall map of the expanding United States

YOUNG, J.H.

Mitchell’s Reference & Distance Map of the United States.

PublicationPhiladelphia, Mitchell and Hinman, 1836

DescriptionLarge folding engraved map by J.H. young, F. Dankworth, E. Yeager, and E.F. Woodward, dissected and laid down on linen in 36 sections, contemporary hand-color in full, trimmed with pink silk, folding into marbled paper self-covers

Dimensions1475 by 1720mm. (58 by 67.75 inches).

ReferencesRistow 309-310

$10,000.00

Mitchell’s “Reference & Distance Map” �rst appeared in 1834 and was published throughout the 1840s. �is 1836 edition extends westward to the border of Missouri territory and identi�es numerous Indian towns and trading posts. �e map includes a large inset titled “A General Map of the United States” which shows considerable detail of Austin’s Colony and what would become the Republic of Texas. With insets of northern Maine and southern Florida, and ten insets of the vicinities of cities: Albany, Baltimore and Washington, Cincinnati, Charleston, New Orleans, the Falls of Niagara, Rochester, Boston, New York, and Philadelphia. �e title appears in a large vignette cartouche below an eagle.

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Admiralty charts of the Yucatan coast

BARNETT, Commander Edward

Yucatan Coast, Mugeres Harbour; Yucatan Coast, Cape Catoche.

PublicationLondon, Hydrographical Office of the Admiralty, 1839.

DescriptionEngraved charts.

$1,300.00

A pair of rare Admiralty charts of the Yucatan coast. Edward Barnett (1799-1879) entered the Royal Navy in 1811, quite probably before his twelfth birthday. He rose steadily through the ranks, retiring as an Admiral in 1877. Barnett worked in the Hydrographic Department from 1830 to 1833, before venturing into service in the Americas between 1835 and 1846. During this time, he led the survey of the Coast of Central America and the Bahamas, �rst aboard the Jackdaw, which was lost on an uncharted reef o� Old Providence, and later as the Commander of the Lark and the �under. John and Charles Walker, founding members of the Royal Geographic Society, were leading mapmakers and engravers working in London in the �rst half of the nineteenth century. �ey are known to have produced numerous charts for James Horsburgh and the Admiralty.

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Tanner’s monumental map of the United States

TANNER, Henry Schrenk

A Map of the United States including Every county ennumerated in the Census of 1840 with the population of the several states, rail roads, canals, etc.

PublicationPhiladelphia, Henry S. Tanner, 1841

DescriptionLarge folding engraved map, dissected and laid down in 32 sections on linen, fine contemporary hand-colour in full, trimmed with pale blue silk.

Dimensions1200 by 1610mm. (47.25 by 63.5 inches).

ReferencesHowes T28; Streeter Sale 3835; Ristow, page 198.

$25,000.00

Tanner’s monumental map of the United States was �rst published in 1829, this 1841 edition includes new information in the western regions and a young Independent Republic of Texas, founded in 1836. Tanner “produced large maps of the country for public display. One of the largest was his 1829 ‘United States of America,’ which measured an impressive 117.7 cm x 151.3 cm drawn to a scale of 25 miles to 1 inch. It was engraved by James W. Steele (1799-1879), a native and lifelong resident of Philadelphia who worked for Tanner, Vallance, and Kearney. He also did portrait, landscape and historical engravings but later became a banknote engraver. “After the simplicity of Melish’s maps, this Tanner map is more baroque looking, with elaborate cartouches, inserts and statistical tables along each border... Hung up on a wall, this map would have represented the mark of progress in the east, the increasing density and di�erentiation of the country, the creeping urbanization and especially the development of canals that marked human control over nature. �is was the forward march of history; an elaborate display of city growth, increasing population, density, economic connectivity and specialization, the structure of civil society (county seats and boundaries), and social di�erentiation. �e statistical tables show a nation growing, expanding, urbanizing and di�erentiating.” ( John R. Short, “Representing the Republic,” pp. 150-151).

Provenance1. �e Babinski copy, his sale, Swann Galleries, December 8, 2005, lot 83

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A chart of the Bahamas

NOGUERA, J

Carta del Gran Banco de Bahama, Parte de la Isla de Cuba y Costa de la Florida...

PublicationMadrid, Direccion de Hidrografia, 1858-66.

DescriptionEngraved chart

Dimensions960 by 620mm (37.75 by 24.5 inches).

$5,000.00

Detailed chart of the Bahamas, centred on Andros, and showing the coast of Florida with Miami and central Cuba. �e lighthouses are marked with colour.

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Unrecorded Hungarian caricature map of the world

Anonymous]

Atlantik-Charta.

Publication[Hungary, c 1941].

DescriptionChromolithograph map. old folds strengthened, ownership blindstamp lower right.

Dimensions345 by 590mm (13.5 by 23.25 inches).

$4,000.00

A satirical map of the Atlantic Charter. Signed in 1941 between America and Britain, and later rati�ed by all the Allies, the Charter set out their goals for the post war world. �ese included: no territorial aggrandisement; no territorial changes made against the wishes of the people, self-determination; restoration of self-government to those deprived of it; reduction of trade restrictions; global cooperation to secure better economic and social conditions for all; freedom from fear and want; freedom of the seas; and abandonment of the use of force, as well as disarmament of aggressor nations. �e present map sees the Charter in a di�erent light, with Britain, America, Russia using it as cover to carve up the post war world. �e USA is seen taking control of the Americas through the use of bribes and guns, whilst they battle it out with Britain and France for control of Africa, and the Far East. �e USSR on the other hand, is shown marching prisoners o� to Siberia, and in®icting pain and su�ering on her population and satellite states. To the lower left a monument shows female personi�cations of Roosevelt’s ‘Four Freedoms’ (of speech; worship; from want; and from fear) bound, and surrounded by the military spoils of war; at its base a wounded British Lion looks enviously at a proud American eagle. Rare we are unable to trace any institutional example.

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MARTIN, Benjamin

A View of the Solar System and Orbit of the Comet, (with its proper Elevation,) which will next return; truely representing all its Appearances for any Part of the Year.

PublicationLondon, Published according to Act of Parliament, Feb. 24th 1757.

DescriptionEngraved broadside, three dimensional flap illustrating the perihelion, complete comet cut-outs, text on either sides.

Dimensions255 by 372mm. (10 by 14.75 inches).

ReferencesWaff, Comet Halley’s First Expected Return, p.12.

$15,000.00

�e instrument shows the probable transit of Halley’s comet in 1758. �e plane of the comet, with the various comet tails, can be tilted at an angle above the ecliptic plane in order to simulate the inclination of the cometary orbit. At the end of the accompanying text, Martin warns: “At its descending Node, it will be very near the Earths Orbit; and should that happen the 12th of May we should be in a dangerous Situation, as the denser Part of its blazing Tail would then envelope the Earth, which God forbid.” Edmond Halley, in his 1705 ‘Synopsis of the Astronomy of Comets’, used Newton’s Laws to calculate the e�ects of the gravitational pull of Jupiter and Saturn of cometary bodies. He calculated that the comet of 1682 was the same as those observed by Petrus Apianus in 1531 and Johannes Kepler in 1607, returning every 76 years. Halley correctly predicted its return for 1758, although it was not spotted until 25 December 1758, and did not pass through its perihelion until 13 March 1759 on account of the aforementioned gravitational pull.

66

Life on Mars

INGEBORG BRUN, Emmy

Mars efter Lowell’s Glober 1894-1914

PublicationDenmark, [c1915].

DescriptionPapier mâché globe (diameter 210 mm), plaster coating, original ink and body hand-colour, varnished, bronze stem and base (overall height 420 mm).

$75,000.00

A rare and fascinating manuscript globe of Mars, made during a period of renewed interest in the red planet and suggestive of the possibility of Martian civilisation. Emmy Ingeborg Brun was a Danish socialist and astronomer. She was very interested in the work of contemporary astronomers Percival Lowell, Camille Flammarion, Giovanni Schiaparelli. In 1855 Schiaparelli observed a network of dark lines on the Martian surface, and when he published his �ndings, along with the �rst detailed modern map of Mars, he named them “canali”, meaning natural channels. When his work was translated, the “canali” were interpreted as manmade canals. Flammarion agreed with this interpretation and suggested that they were remnants of a system redistributing water across the surface of a planet, created by a now-dying population. Lowell popularised these theories by publishing three books on the subject, claiming these lines were indeed a canal network and raising the possibility of a Martian civilisation. Brun was intrigued by these canals, which she saw as evidence of a di�erent, more co-operative form of society. Mars was the potential site for a socialist utopia. She adapted Lowell’s maps into manuscript globes, painting her interpretations on top of existing printed globes, and donated them to various European astronomical observatories and universities. �e globe uses Lowell’s territorial observations and Schiaperelli’s nomenclature for the features, most of which is no longer used. �e bronze base carries the inscription “Free Land. Free Trade. Free Men”, a slogan inspired by the work of the political economist Henry George, and a line from the Lord’s Prayer: “�y will be done on earth as it is in heaven”. We have traced seven institutional examples: the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich; National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh; Whipple Museum of the History of Science, Cambridge; Museo Specula Vaticana, the Vatican; Museum Observatoire Camille Flammarion, Juvisy-sur-Orge; Ole Rømer Museet, Taastrup; Randy and Yulia Liebermann Lunar and Planetary Exploration Collection. One example appeared at auction at Bonham’s New York on 5th December 2012, selling for $50,000 (Lot 129).

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