mhrd - teqip - kit workshop on ocean and atmospheric sciences - current trends · 2015-06-27 ·...

MHRD - TEQIP - KIT WORKSHOP

ON

Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences - Current Trends

http://www.cdeep.iitb.ac.in/OAS2014

July 18 - 19, 2014

July 18 - 19, 2014

CDEEP

VENUE VENUE VENUE Lecture Hall #21

nd2 Floor, VMCCIIT Bombay

( OAS 2014 )

CDEEP IIT Bombay

MHRD-TEQIP-KIT WORKSHOP

on

Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences –Current Trends

http://www.cdeep.iitb.ac.in/OAS2014

July 18-19, 2014

Sponsored by

MHRD-TEQIP-KIT

Division of CDEEP,

IIT Bombay

MHRD - TEQIP - KIT Workshop on Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences - Current Trends

SPONSOR

MHRD - TEQIP - KIT DIVISION OFCDEEP, IIT BOMBAY


Prof. E. Chandrasekhar

Prof. Manas R. Behera

Prof. V. M. Gadre

Prof. S. V. Kulkarni

Program Committee

Local Organizing Committee

Prof. S. V. Kulkarni

Prof. A. Chatterjee

Prof. R. Balaji

Prof. Manas R. Behera

Prof. S. Gopalakrishnan

Prof. Kausik Bodi

Ms. Seema Kumbhar

Ms. Dipti S. Kulkarni

Mr. Ramesh Deshmukh

Mr. Prakash Kharat

Convener

Prof. E. Chandrasekhar

Department of Earth Sciences

Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

Powai, Mumbai - 400076. INDIA.

Email:

Tel.: +91-22-25767257

Fax: +91-22-25767253

Mobile: 09820917257

[email protected]


http://[email protected]

About Knowledge Incubation under TEQIP (KIT) Initiative of MHRD, Govt. of India at IIT Bombay

Under the TEQIP (KIT) initiative of the Ministry of Human Resources Development (MHRD), Centre for Distance Engineering Education Programme (CDEEP) IIT Bombay has been planning and conducting several activities pertaining to pedagogy, educational outreach, educational and institutional academic system reform, research and developmental activities of a collective nature involving TEQIP Institutes and other educational institutes of repute in and around Mumbai. CDEEP will be pleased to provide on time information about the endeavours planned and undertaken and the followup planned for the activities undertaken.

While the following details the list of activities and endeavours as we see on this

date, it is likely that we shall also initiate other activities in due course, as and

when further possibilities arise and ideas occur to us through discussion with

stakeholders.

Completed and Ongoing Activities under MHRD-TEQIP-KIT initiative

??Research Scholars and Alumni Symposium (RSAS - 2014)

??Industry – Academia collaboration at Project Institutes

??Pedagogy/Research training and academic interaction in focused areas of

engineering and technology??Upgradation of research and academic facilities at CDEEP and

Interdisciplinary Programme in education technology (IDP-ET) at IIT Bombay

??Revamping the Curricular structure of various institutions

??Student Mentor Programme at TEQIP Institutes and Institutes of repute

??One-day workshop on “Application of Wavelets”

??Workshop on Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences –Current Trends (OAS

2014)??Conference on Design Development Show (DDS 2014)

??Workshop on Recent Advances in Chemical Engineering Research


Planned Activities under MHRD-TEQIP-KIT initiative

??Student Mentor Programme at TEQIP Institutes and Institutes of repute

??National Workshop on some Modern Aspects of Control Engineering

??National Communications Conference (NCC-2015)

??Visit of IIT Bombay faculty/students to TEQIP institutes and vice-versa

(Exchange programme)

More details about the CDEEP and TEQIP activities can be found at . http://www.cdeep.iitb.ac.in

Contact:Head CDEEPGround Floor, Department of Mathematics BuildingIITBombay, PowaiMumbai - 400 076Phone: +91-22-2576 4820Fax:+91-22-2576 4812E-mail: [email protected]


TECHNICAL PROGRAMME SCHEDULE


MHRD-TEQIP-KIT workshop onOcean and Atmospheric Sciences –Current Trends

Sponsored by MHRD-TEQIP-KIT Division of CDEEP, IIT Bombay

July 18-19, 2014.

Day 1: Friday, July 18, 2014. Venue: Lecture Hall # 21; VMCC, nd 2 Floor

Registration 9:00 am – 9:30 am

Inauguration, opening remarks, welcome address, etc. 9:30 am – 10:15 am

High Tea 10:15 am – 10:45 am

SESSION- I 10:45 am – 1:00 pmChair: Prof. E. Chandrasekhar ; Co-chair: Prof. V. M. Gadre

G. S. Bhat 10:45 am – 11:30 amMonsoonal boundary layer characteristics over the Bay of

Bengal and Arabian Sea

Archana Bhattacharya 11:30 am – 12:15 pmChallenges in understanding the variability of Earth's upper

atmosphere

V. P. Dimri 12:15 am – 1:00 pmModelling of tsunami waves from Sumatra and Makran

subduction zones

Lunch 1:00 pm – 2:30 pmrd(3 floor Banquet Hall, Gulmohar Restaurant)


SESSION-II 2:30 pm – 4:00 pm Chair: Prof. R. Balaji; Co-chair: Prof. Manasa R. Behera

M. V. Ramana Murthy 2:30 pm – 3:15 pmModelling of structures for extreme waves

Vethamony 3:15 pm – 4:00 pmCoastal processes during extreme weather events

Tea break 4:00 pm – 4:30 pm

Panel Discussion 4:30 pm – 5:30 pm

Members: Prof. G. S. BhatProf. Archana BhattacharyaProf. V. P. DimriProf. M.V. RamanamurthyProf. V. M. GadreProf. E. Chandrasekhar

Workshop Dinner 7:30pm – 9:30 pmrd(Gulmohar 3 floor Banquet Hall)



SESSION-III 9:30 am – 1:00 pmChair: Prof. A. D. Rao; Co-chair: Prof. V. Sundar

A. D. Rao 9:30 am – 10:15 amStorm surges and associated coastal inundation in the climate change scenario

V. Sundar 10:15 pm – 11:00 amCoastal protection and adaptation along the Indian coast

Tea break 11:00 am – 11:30 am

Mukul S. Sutaone 11:30 am – 12:00 pmAn Overview of Time Series Modeling and Analysis

B. Mukhopadhyay 12:00 pm – 12:30 pmCurrent and future trends in atmospheric instrumentation: An overview

Anil Kulkarni 12:30 pm – 1:00 pm

Lunch 1:00 pm – 2:30 pmrd(3 floor Banquet Hall, Gulmohar Restaurant)

Development of atmospheric instruments and radars at SAMEER

Day 2: Saturday, July 19, 2014. Venue: Lecture Hall # 21; ndVMCC, 2 Floor



SESSION-IV 2:30 pm – 4:00 pm Chair: Prof. S. V. Kulkarni; Co-chair: Prof. S. Gopalakrishnan

E. Chandrasekhar 2:30 pm – 3:00 pmSelf-induction effect of ocean and its influence on electromagnetic induction response

R. Balaji 3:00 pm – 3:30 pmModelling of coastal hydrodynamics

Tea break 3:30 pm – 4:00 pm

Panel Discussion 4:00 pm – 5:00 pm

Members: Prof. A. D. RaoProf. S. V. KulkarniDr. MukhopadhyayProf. V. SundarDr. Anil KulkarniProf. R. Balaji

Concluding Remarks and Closing 5:00 pm – 5:30 pm

ndDinner (2 floor Hall, Gulmohar Restaurant) 7:30 pm – 9:30 pm

EXPERT LECTURES


Monsoonal boundary layer characteristics over the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea

G. S. BhatCentre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences

Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru

The atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is the lowest layer of the atmosphere where surface effects are felt on time scales of about an hour. Its properties determine the occurrence of convective clouds and are required for the representation of cloud processes in atmospheric models. Interaction of the ABL with the surface layer of the ocean is a key component of ocean-atmosphere coupling. ABL characteristics over ocean surrounding the sub-continent become very important for understanding the monsoon processes because roots of many monsoon systems, that give rain over India, are in the ABL over there.

Height of the ABL explicitly appears in many turbulence closure schemes in weather and climate models, however, observational studies on ABL heights over the Indian Oceans are very few.Thiswill be addressed in the talk using high vertical resolution Vaisala GPS radiosondedata collectedduring the Bay of Bengal Monsoon Experiment (BOBMEX, 1999), Arabian Sea Monsoon Experiment (ARMEX, in two phases, ARMEX-I during 2002 and ARMEX-II in 2003), and Continental Tropical Convergence Zone (CTCZ) experiment (Pilot in 2009, main phase 2012) which were carried out under the Indian Climate Research Programme (ICRP). Total number of radiosondes available ismore than 400.ABL characteristics over the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea will be compared and contrasted. We observe that ABL heights are 20-30% more over Arabian Sea compared to that over Bay of Bengal.The dominant influencing factor on ABL height is moist convection during monsoon. Minimum ABL height occurs towards the end of precipitation.Measures of convective instabilities, such as CAPE and equivalent potential temperature of ABL air, show comparable magnitudes in good as well as poor monsoon years.

Another important feature of monsoonal ABL is the change in the sign of sea-air heat flux over the Arabian Sea after monsoon onset. The physics involved is rather fascinating which will be discussed in brief. The key factor is the heat flux derived from the entrainment of higher entropy air from the layer above the atmospheric mixed layer in a regime of gradient Richardson number >0.25, the critical value based on linear stability theory.


Challenges in understanding the variability of Earth's upper atmosphere

Archana BhattacharyyaIndian Institute of Geomagnetism

Earth's upper atmosphere including its ionosphere and thermosphere responds to solar variability as well as to forcing from the lower atmosphere. The latter has come into sharp focus in recent years, which saw an extended minimum in solar activity. The importance of understanding and quantifying the variability of the ionosphere/thermosphere system stems from our

. There are also a growing number of publications in established journals, on ionospheric precursors of major earthquakes, which may be validated only when the day-to-day variability of the ionosphere is properly accounted for. Transient events on an active sun such as a solar flare or an Earth-directed coronal mass ejection (CME) can substantially alter the near-Earth space environment. Under certain conditions, the Earth-directed CME can cause a magnetic storm with altered electric fields in the ionosphere that change the distribution of ionospheric plasma. This affects the performance of satellite based navigation and communication systems. This talk will outline our present understanding of the development of magnetic storms and changes that are produced in the ionosphere-thermosphere system due to such magnetic activity, and some of the areas where future studies are required. In recent years it has become increasingly clear that complex couplings exist not only between the magnetosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphere during periods of magnetic activity, but during magnetically quiet periods couplings that exist between the ionosphere-thermosphere system and the lower atmosphere come to the fore. For example, a large-scale meteorological phenomenon of the winter polar region viz. a sudden stratospheric warming caused by the interaction of rapidly growing quasi-stationary planetary waves with the stratospheric mean circulation leaves its signature on the electrodynamics of the equatorial ionosphere. Another area, which is drawing attention in recent times is the effect of anthropogenic activities on the thermosphere, as CO is the primary radiative 2

cooling agent in the thermosphere. This as well as gravity wave activity in an altered climate regime could have contributed towards the unusually low thermospheric densities observed during the extended solar minimum at the end of solar cycle 23. As this has serious implications for space debris, this is also an area that needs to be studied. Some of these challenges that exist in understanding the variability of Earth's upper atmosphere shall be discussed in this talk.

growing dependence on space-based technological systems


Modeling of Tsunami wave from Sumatra and Makran Subduction Zone

V. P. DimriCSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad

Tsunamis in the Indian Ocean originate in the Sunda arc covering Sumatra and Java and in the west by Makran subduction zone. These two are active subduction zones

thwhich can generate tsunamigenic earthquakes in the Indian Ocean. The 26 December 2004, tsunami from the Andaman-Sumatra subduction zone created large scale devastationand killed more than 273,000 people in 11countries around the

thIndian Ocean. The 27 November 1945, a tsunami which occurred in the Makran subduction zone brought large scale devastation and destruction in the cities and villages lying along the west coast of India. Yet other notable tsunamigenic earthquakes from this region are the 26 June 1941 Andaman earthquake and the 31 Dec 1881 the Car-Nicobar earthquake. Both these earthquakes generated tsunamis are known to have caused large scale devastation.

The region around the two subduction zone hashad earthquakes which are not thrust type. For example on the Western side we have the Murray ridge which have generated strike slip earthquakes and is not a source for the generation of tsunamis. On the Eastern side near the Andaman-Sumatra subduction zone where we have the quadruple junction comprising of the India,Australia, Burma and Sunda plates. This region in the Indian Ocean have also generated earthquakes of strike slip mechanism and have not generated tsunamis. In this study several sea earthquakes have been studied which have not generated tsunamis either because of the mechanism of the earthquakes or because of the fault location.


Coastal processes during extreme weather events

P. VethamonyNational Institute of Oceanography

Dona Paula, Goa – 403 004Email: [email protected]

The extremes associated with tropical cyclones, namely, surface and internal waves, ocean currents, storm surges, flooding, inundation, etc. is a growing topic in physical oceanography, and by now, it is clear that many large-scale geophysical processes such as air-sea interaction and upper-ocean mixing below the interface are coupled with surface waves. The wave-coupled effect in the lower atmosphere and upper-ocean is a rapidly growing research area. Many coastal regions of the world are vulnerable to the potentially tragic consequences of storm surges, wind waves, erosion and associated coastal inundation, sometimes worsened by adjacent riverine flooding. Low-latitude coastlines are particularly affected by tropical cyclones and include countries facing the north Indian Ocean, the South China Sea, the US Gulf and Atlantic coasts, northern Australia and islands in the Caribbean, Pacific and Indian Oceans. For example, the most intense tropical cyclones are projected to increase in intensity while the overall number of tropical cyclones may decrease. The challenge for climate change and associated extreme events modelling is to determine whether the observed change in the atmosphere-ocean-coast activity (storm surges and waves) exceeds the variability that is expected through natural causes.

Modelling of cyclone generated waves is one of the most difficult tasks to wave researchers to fully describe the waves with the available highly sophisticated wind wave models. The Indian coast is frequently affected by tropical cyclones, and we need to have efficient models to predict waves generated by cyclones for scientific, coastal engineering and societal benefits. Most of the models do extremely well for fair weather and monsoon conditions. We have performed a few numerical experiments with WW3 multi-grid system, using NCEP winds for the outer domain and fine resolution WRF winds for the inner domain; results show very good match between measurements and modeling (Vethamony et al, 2013). We continued the simulation for four cyclones, and validated the model results with moored buoy data. The results show that when boundary forcing is given to the inner domain, the model yields improved forecast of significant wave heights under extreme conditions. For example, for the Cyclone 01A which formed in the Arabian Sea in May 2001, when only NCEP winds are provided in a single domain, Hs was 6.4m (measured value: 7.8m), and the statistics (bias, RMSE, SI and Cor. coeft) are -0.15m, 2.07m, 0.47 and


0.30, respectively, but with nesting (NCEP/WRF), Hs has become 7.4 m, and the statistics are 0.46m, 0.23m, 0.23 and 0.86, respectively. The model overestimates the Hs before and after the passage of storm, but slightly underestimates during the passage.

In an another study, we have employed two state of the art third generation wind wave models, WAM and Wave watch III to study the wave characteristics in the Indian Ocean during tropical cyclones. We modified three source functions, namely, wind input, breaking dissipation and nonlinear interaction, and introduced new coefficients based on physical processes related to seasonal changes and extreme weather events in the Indian Ocean. ERA winds (1.5° x 1.5° resolution) have been used to run these wave models. The model results have been validated with moored buoy data available at 12 buoy stations in the north Indian Ocean. The results show that all the models underestimate the wave heights of tropical cyclones - one reason is inaccuracy in the forecast winds during extreme events (Samiksha et al, under revision).

Vinod Kumar et al, 2012

Simulations have been carried out to generate cyclonic winds that prevailed over the southeast Bay of Bengal during 25 – 31 December 2011 using Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model (Vinod Kumar et al, 2014b) by the cyclone 'Thane'. The maximum sustained wind speed during Thane cyclone has gone upto 15m/s; mid-tropospheric relative humidity (500mb) is higher (85-100%) during the cyclone on 29 Dec 2011 (06h), and it is minimum at the eye. Sea level measurements at 3 locations on the west coast of India show strong negative surges (of 22cm at Ratnagiri, 20cm at Verem, Goa and 18cm at Karwar). However, wind data indicate that winds were not strong enough to generate these surges, implying the role of remote forcing from the Bay of Bengal to the Arabian Sea.

In an another study (Vinod Kumar et al, 2014a), we have used WRF model to

Measurements and numerical simulations carried out off Mumbai coast for the period 22 October-22 November 2009 showed significant variations in water level and currents during cyclone Phyan ( ). Changes in the meridional component of the current velocity were found to be highly significant during Phyan. The strong southward flow due to the cyclone resulted in a complete nullification of a flood current and continued the net flow towards south for approximately 18 h. This enhanced the ebb flow by about 0.12 m/s off Worli and 0.16 m/s off Satpati. The shift in the cyclone generated currents towards north resulted in an enhancement of flood current by 0.3 m/s off Worli and 0.2 m/s off Satpati. Water level variations of 0.38 m and 0.44 m were observed due to Phyan off Worli and Satpati, respectively. Positive and negative surges, that is, a fall in water level upto -20 cm and a rise upto 20 cm, were observed during Phyan, and these were associated with shift in the wind direction.


simulate a major winter shamal event (having duration of 3-5 days), which occurred in 2008 and analyzed the spatial structure and time evolution of shamal winds over the Arabian Sea. The study reveals that horizontally, shamal winds extend upto 14ºN and bring out significant changes in the atmospheric temperature - longitudinally from the Arabian coast to the west coast of India; its vertical extension is upto 8km near Oman and approximately 3km near Ratnagiri coast. A temperature drop of 12C is observed along the Arabian coast,and 5C along the west coast of India. It gets dissipated when northeast monsoon winds dominate. Its speed reduces from 15 m/s (Oman coast) to 9m/s (central Arabian Sea) as it propagates into the Arabian Sea.

References:

S.V. Samiksha, V.G. Polnikov, P. Vethamony,R. Rashmi, F. Pogarskii and K. Sudheesh.Modification of WAM with new physics and its verificationagainst measurements in the Indian Ocean (under revision).

Vethamony, P., Samiksha S. V., Rashmi R. and V. Polnikov, 2013.Wave modelling for the Indian Ocean during extreme weather events. Asia Oceania Geo Sciences society 2013 (AOGS 2013) held at Brisbane Convention & Exhibition Centre, Brisbane, Australia during 24 to 28 June, 2013.

Vinod Kumar K, V.M. Aboobacker, P.P. Saheed, P. Vethamony, 2012. Coastal circulation along the central west coast of India during cyclone Phyan: measurements and numerical simulations, Natural Hazards, 64: 259-271.

Vinod Kumar K, M. Seemanth, P. Vethamony, V.M. Aboobacker, 2014. On the spatial structure and time evolution of Shamal winds over the Arabian Sea- a case study through numerical modeling. International Journal of Climatology, 34(6), 2122–2128.

Vinod Kumar K, Soumya, M, Tkalich, P, and Vethamony, P. 2014. Ocean - atmosphere interaction during Thane cyclone: a numerical study using WRF. IJMS (in press).


Storm surges and associated coastal inundation in the climate change scenario

A. D. Rao Centre for Atmospheric Sciences

Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110 016, India

I The devastation due to the combined action of storm surge flooding and extreme wind waves generated by the cyclones is a severe apprehension along the coastal regions of India. Numerical ocean models are considered today as an essential tool to predict the sea level rise and associated inland extent of flooding that could be generated by a cyclonic storm crossing any coastal stretch. In order to properly describe the physics of storm surges, a numerical model must resolve coastal features that can affect storm surge generation and propagation. This means the model domain must necessarily incorporate complex coastal geometries. In this context, a finite-element based model is the best choice as it allows flexibility to represent a larger spatial domain while permitting higher grid resolutions near the landward boundary. In the present work, the ADCIRC model is configured for maritime states Andhra and Tamil Nadu in the east and Gujarat in the west coast of India. The model is integrated using wind stress forcing representative of the past cyclones. The model computes water levels using the more accurate on-shore topography associated with extreme surges generated by the cyclonic wind field.

As the coastline geometry is modeled more accurately using the CARTOSAT topography, the simulation of extreme water levels and associated inland inundation from ADCIRC looks more promising towards realistic approach. The simulations of water levels along with horizontal extent of inundation are useful to provide early warnings to low-lying areas, guide evacuation of local population, and rescue operations. The calculations are also made in the event of climate change scenario based on the projections available on the intensity and frequency of cyclones.


Coastal Protection and Adaptaionalong the Indian Coast

V. SundarDepartment of Ocean Engineering,

Indian Institute of Technoilogy Madras, INDIAWebsite :http://oec.iitm.ac.in/prof_Sundar.html

Coastal erosion is a problem commonly met within different parts of the world, calling for protection to cultivate lands, valuable properties, sea side resorts bordering along the shore. The most serious incidents of coastal erosion occur during storms, though, there are many other causes, both natural and man induced, which need to be examined. Natural causes are those which occur as a result of the response of the beach to the effects of nature. Man-induced erosion occurs when human endeavors impact on the natural system.

The Indian coastline has been experiencing a variety of problems along the coast and also been exposed to the disastrous effects of the great Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004. This has been the extreme event along the coast that has added a new dimension to adaptation not only to perennial problems of erosion. In addition, the climate change and the sea level rise globally is major concern worldwide and in particular, to the coastal community. These aspects with particular reference to India will be discussed. The positive and negative impacts of sea level rise will be highlighted. Among the several negative impacts, one of severest being coastal flooding and erosion will be focused in this lecture. As the negative effects are of immediate concern, adaptation planning and the measures, namely protect, accommodate and retreat are discussed in brief. Under the said classification, case studies on the application of Geo-tubes, Groin filed and submerged barriers to minimize inundation that fall under the category of protect; artificial beach nourishment that fall under the category of Accommodate as well as on living shoreline are discussed in detail. The case studies pertaining to the above problems along the Indian coast will be discussed. Several designs of seawalls employed as coastal protection in India since early seventies have suffered damages mostly due to overtopping have been addressed keeping in view the possible sea level rise. Apart from the hard structures as coastal protection research on the vegetation as likely buffers during extreme events or due to sea level rise that have been carried out at IIT madras, India will be highlighted. As a part of adaptation to changing scenarios along the sea front including the sea level rise and coastal hazards, the setbacks that are being practiced globally and along Indian coast will be highlighted.


http://oec.iitm.ac.in/prof_Sundar.html

Overview of Time Series Modeling and Analysis

M.S. SutaoneCollege of Engineering, Pune (COEP)

The analysis of experimental data that have been observed at different points in time leads to new and unique problems in statistical modeling and inference. The obvious correlation introduced by the sampling of adjacent points in time can severely restrict the applicability of the many conventional statistical methods, which assume that these adjacent observations are independent and identically distributed. The systematic approach by which one goes about answering the mathematical and statistical questions posed by these time correlations is commonly referred to as time series analysis.

Many of the most intensive and sophisticated applications of time series methods have been to problems in the physical and environmental sciences. This fact accounts for the basic engineering flavor permeating the language of time series analysis. Some other examples encompassing walks of human life, wherein time aeries can arise are Economics and Finance, Environmental Modeling, Meteorology and Hydrology, Demographics, Medicine, Quality Control.

The objective of the talk is to give overview about Time Series Analysis and Modeling (TSA & M) with Signal processing perspective. With TSA & M considered to be equivalent to Digital Signal Processing applied to Random signals, the session aims at apprising the audience with various established complimentary techniques of modeling the time series such as additive models in time and frequency domain, along with applications and tools for analyzing such data.


Development of Atmospheric Instruments and Radars at SAMEER

Anil KulkarniSAMEER IITB Campus, Powai Mumbai

Atmospheric instrumentation deals with designing and building instruments/systems to measure or probe various atmospheric parameters like pressure, temperature, humidity, rainfall, winds etc. These instruments are used to take meteorological observations at regular intervals by sampling the current state of atmosphere. These observations are used for the real-time preparation of weather analyses, forecasts and severe weather warnings, for weather dependent operations from agriculture to Sports and Tourism and for research in meteorology and climatology.

Broadly, these instruments are classified in to two types viz., in-situ and remote sensing instruments. In-situ instruments are those that measure/sense atmospheric parameters by coming into contact with that object under measurement.

Remote sensing involves observing objects indirectly either actively or passively. Active remote sensors emit electromagnetic (EM) or sound waves to illuminate an object and detect waves reflected back toward the sensor, whereas, Passive remote sensors observe electromagnetic waves emitted by objects.

The in-situ observing network of stations only measure atmospheric conditions at specific locations and times. This network leaves gaps in weather information both spatially and temporally. Remotely sensed data (satellite and radar) are vital to operational weather forecasters because they fill in the spatial and temporal gaps left by the in-situ observing network. Remote sensing provides meteorologists with detailed weather information over oceans and other inaccessible places on land. Thus data from both the types of instruments complement each other and add to the surface and upper-air data to form a more complete and continuous picture of atmospheric conditions.

SAMEER has been actively involved more than 3 decades in developing indigenous atmospheric measurement systems, both in-situ and remote sensed. We have first built the iconic MST radar at Gadanki near Tirupathi which gives Wind profiles up to 100 km. SAMEER also developed a 400 MHz Radio Acoustic sounding system (RASS) for wind / temperature profiler and installed at IMD campus at Pashan Pune.

Remote sensing instruments acquire data from weather events happening at some distance from the instrument and not coming into direct contact with the object of interest.


Technology of acoustic sounding of atmosphere which led to the development of instruments like Phased array Doppler SODAR/ mini portable SODAR was also developed. These instruments are being used at many places for atmospheric research and environmental monitoring. As part of the core R&D initiative, development of Ka-Band Polarimetric Cloud Radar is near completion. This Radar offers better information about micro physical information about Hydrometeors. Software model has been developed for hydro meteors classification.

On the in-situ front, SAMEER also developed GPS Radiosonde, Ozonesonde for which the technology is being transferred to IMD for batch production. In addition SAMEER has completed development of 1680 MHz Radiotheodolite for IMD. The technologies developed are directly useful for scientists, researchers and operations personnel at Meteorological Department, and National Research Laboratories.


Self-induction effect of ocean and its influence on electromagnetic induction response of the Earth

E. ChandrasekharDepartment of Earth Sciences

Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076.

Geomagnetic solar quiet daily variation (Sq) data corresponding to the solar quiet year, 1996, recorded at a network of temporary and permanent magneticobservatories, operated in the western Pacific regionalong the

0210 Magnetic Meridian (MM) spanningboth hemispheres, have been utilized for the present study. We have examined the spatial structure of the ionosphericsource current systems for winter, equinoctial and summer seasons prior to calculating the electromagnetic induction response(EMIR) due to Sq. The data sets encompass the whole range of the western Pacific and are more suitable to apply spherical harmonic analysis (SHA) technique to separate the observed field into external and internal origins. The separated gauss coefficients were then used to determine the season-wise ionospheric source current systems, the EMIR as well as to study self-induction effect (SIE) ofthe ocean at 24-hr period of Sq on the EMIR.

Observation of the characteristics of the well-defined ionospheric source current system clearly suggests that the nature of Sq variations above the ocean is different from below the ocean. Results indicate that a considerable influence of the SIE on the EMIR at 24-hr period and its harmonics, implyingthat ignoring the SIE in induction studies in oceanic regions leads to erroneous interpretation of the results. Results also leads to an observation that in addition tothe SIE, the estimated EMIRhas been affected by the strong influence of the coupling of theelectric currents induced in the ocean and the heterogeneous upper mantle that has resulted from the activelithospheric convergence between the Pacific and Philippine Sea plates all along the western Pacific. We discuss thewell-defined seasonal differences in ionospheric source current systems and compare them with those reported forthe East Asian sector.


Modeling of Coastal Hydrodynamics

Balaji RamakrishnanAssistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engg., IIT Bombay.

Email: , [email protected] [email protected]

The characteristics of wind waves, storm waves and tides are time varying in nature, so are the coastal processes associated with them. The common coastal processes, such as; transformation of waves from deep ocean to beaches, tidal hydrodynamics, sediment transport, wave setup and storm surges, that take place on any coast, causes several problems. A better understanding these coastal processes are always of great concern for engineers and scientists, as it vary from coast to coast. Though theoretical concepts exist for most of the coastal processes, numerical models are also applied to estimate the various engineering parameters for a larger study area. On the other hand, a physical model study practically assists in decision making, for coastal engineering related projects. In addition, the coastal sediment dynamics also influence the shoreline positions, over the time, which need to be understood for planning of any marine infrastructural projects.

In the understanding of coastal hydrodynamics, modeling is often employed to represent the physical phenomena. The modeling can of physical, numerical and sometimes composite, in which the balanced use of both physical and numerical models. The research towards the improvement of various models to represent the actual dynamics of waves, tides and currents is being carried out. The presentation aims to cover the various aspects of physical and numerical modeling of coastal hydrodynamics with emphasis on some of case studies.


mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Earth System Modelling for Climate Change

Building in-house capability for development of an Earth System Model (ESM) is crucial for understanding various scientific issues on Attribution and Projection of climate change and is one of the major objectives of the CCCR at the IITM. The approach adopted at for ESM development is based on the concept of incorporating earth system components in the Climate Forecast System (CFS) coupled model, which is currently the base modeling framework for seasonal and extended range monsoon prediction in India. Keeping this in view, a group of scientists at CCCR have successfully developed and implemented the first version of ESM by incorporating a new ocean component (MOM4p1) in the CFS coupled model. The MOM4p1 is a comprehensive ocean general circulation model with interactive ecosystem and biogeochemical processes. The ESM1.0 (also known as the 'CCCR-IITM climate model') has been successfully tested and integrated for more than 100 years on the High Performance Computing (HPC) system at IITM. Results from the ESM1.0 long run indicate significant improvements in the simulation of sea surface temperature (SST) distribution as compared to the original CFS model. The improvements in SST simulation in ESM1.0, which prominently manifest in the subtropical Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans, are found to result from better representation of ocean physical processes (eg., vertical mixing, shortwave penetration, etc). In addition, the ESM1.0 simulation captures important features of the El Nino / Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) variability and their links with the Indian summer monsoon. Furthermore, the ESM1.0 also shows realistic features of the SST-chlorophyll variations associated with (a) Seasonal cycle of monsoon winds over the Indian Ocean (b) ENSO variability in the Pacific. The development of ESM1.0 is an important step towards understanding global and regional climate response to bio-geochemical processes and the mechanisms that control the ocean carbon cycle. Efforts are also underway to incorporate an interactive aerosol-chemistry transport module in ESM1.0.


R. Krishnan

Centre for Climate Change Research (CCCR)Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS FROM TEQIP INSTITUTES



Faculty

Prof. Rahul Ingle

Prof. Vikram Kehri

Prof. Yogesh Wankhede

Students

Mr. Aviraj Jadhav

Ms. Kranti Kamble

Mr. Ashwin

Mr. Puri

Mr. Pramod

Mr. Smith Khare

Mr. Rohit Piske

Mr. Amol Sapkal

Faculty

Prof. M. S. Sutaone

Dr. P. P. Bartakke

Dr. J. A. Kher

Dr. Aruna Thube

Prof. Rashmi More

Dr. Mahesh Shindikar

Students

Mr. Sachchidanand Shinde

Mr. Yogesh Deshpande

Mr. Prasad Kulkarni

Mr. Avinash Gawade

Mr. Aditya Patil

Mr. Pravin Pawar

List of Participants from VJTI Institute

List of Participants from COEP Institute


Mr. Sumeet Sai

Ms. Prachi

Ms. Shweta Warade

Ms. Renu Bhadresha

Mr. Jay Bavikar

Mr. Sushant Chavan

Mr. Dhiraj Patil

Mr. Yogesh Rao

Ms. Sonali Sherigar

Mr. Deven Shetye

Mr. Shivraj Rathod

Mr. Bhaskar Dohare

Mr. Nikhil Gaikwad

Mr. Mohit Adgokar

Mr. Avinash Dhaigude

List of Participants from VJTI Institute

IIT Bombay

mhrd - teqip - kit workshop on ocean and atmospheric sciences - current trends · 2015-06-27 ·...

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