mhrd asia pacific - global classroom 2016 presentation
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The case of the plight of refugees and refugee-like situations in Asia and the Pacific
MHRD – Asia Pacific
Hosana ChayHamza Khan
Natalie LowreyCatherine Bolinga
![Page 2: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
•SoutheastAsiannation
•53million
•80%Buddhists
![Page 8: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
•SoutheastAsiannation
•53million
•80%Buddhists
•Over135ethnicgroups/indigenousgroups
•70%areBurmese
•Militarydictatorshipfrom1962to2010
•Thefirstcivilianpresidentwaselectedon15thofMarchin50years.
•Over20mainethnicArmedForces
•CivilWarssince1948
![Page 9: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
•MuslimMinorityinNorthernRakhineState
•Nearly2million(estimate)
•Mostlyinthecampsoroverseas
•SpeakChittagoniandialectofBengali
![Page 10: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
ForcedLabour
SexualViolence
ReligiousPersecution(Christiansaswellexperiencing)
ExtrajudicialKillingswithImpunity
DenialofCitizenshipsince1982
![Page 11: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
•134deathsandover7,000ofhousesdestroyed
•100,000relocatedtoghetto-likemakeshiftcamps
![Page 13: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
•134deathsandover7,000ofhousesdestroyed
•100,000relocatedtoghetto-likemakeshiftcamps
•ShortageofBasicneeds(food,shelter,health)
•ExodustoMalaysiaandThailand
![Page 14: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
•Genocideishappening
•RecognisedasRohingya
•NoresponsefromASEAN(AssociationofSouthEastAsianNations)
•MSFwaskickedoutonce
![Page 15: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
No Civil Society in Myanmar working on Rohingya
No Civil Society in Myanmar working on Rohingya
![Page 16: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
•Notincludedin135indigenousracesinMyanmar
•WhileRohingyaPeopleclaimasindigenoustoMyanmar(SeafarerfromArabNations),MyanmarpeopleconsiderthemasillegalBengaliimmigrantbroughtbytheBritish
•ThenameRohingyaneverappearedinanyofficialdocumentsduringhundred-yearofBritishRule
•ByacknowledgingthenameRohingyaimpliestheirindigenousstatus
![Page 20: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Amending1982CitizenshipLawbyremovingdiscriminatoryclauseforNeuralandAssociateCitizens
ConferringcitizenshiptoallRohingyaPeople
Time
ContinuedPressureontheMyanmargovernment
![Page 21: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
FIRST FLEET
1788
![Page 29: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
FIRST BOAT PEOPLE
![Page 30: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Aboriginalpeople,oldestlivingcultureonearth,livingonthecontinentofAustraliafor60,000+years
![Page 32: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Enduredgenocide,includingmassacres,incarcerationandstealingofchildren.
![Page 33: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
‘FEAR OF THE ASIAN HORDES’
![Page 35: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
THE YELLOW PERIL
![Page 36: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
AUSTRALIA OPENS ITS DOORS POST WORLD WAR II
•AustraliabecomeastatepartytotheRefugeeConvention,on22January1954,andbecameapartytothe1967Protocolon13December1973
•SincetheSecondWorldWarAustraliahastakenupto700,000refugees,including171,000predominantlyEuropeanrefugees,whowereresettledinthepost-warperiodbetween1947and1954
•Australia,onapercapitabasis,takesthelargestproportionofrefugeesundertheUNHCR’sresettlementprogram
![Page 38: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
1970’s: DIVERSIFICATION OF REFUGEE INTAKEImmigration without racial discrimination
•AsiansexpelledbyUganda’sPresidentIdiAmin
•ChileansfleeingthemilitarycoupthatdeposedtheAllendeGovernment
•CypriotandEastTimoreserefugeesfleeinginvasionandwarintheircountries
•Resettlementofover100,000VietnameserefugeesfromvariousAsiancountriesovera20-yearperiod
![Page 39: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
REFUGEES TO AUSTRALIA MAKE A MEANINGFUL CONTRIBUTION TO SOCIETY
![Page 40: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
REFUGEES TO AUSTRALIA MAKE A MEANINGFUL CONTRIBUTION TO SOCIETY
![Page 41: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
REFUGEES TO AUSTRALIA MAKE A MEANINGFUL CONTRIBUTION TO SOCIETY
![Page 42: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
FROM PROTECTION TO SECURITY‘good refugee’ vs ‘bad refugee’
•Asecondwaveof‘boatpeople’,mainlyfromCambodia,sawaturninAustralianimmigrationpoliciesin1992withtheinstitutionindefinite mandatory detention aspolicy
•Politicalrhetoriconrefugeesandasylumseekersdramaticallyshiftedfromprotectiontoasecurityparadigm
•Legislationdividedthe‘goodrefugee’–thosewhowaitinacampforresettlement–fromthe‘badrefugee’–thosewho‘jumpthequeue’andare‘illegal’comingbyboat
We will decide who comes to this country
and the circumstances in which they come
John Howard, 2001
![Page 43: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
A PIONEER OF DETENTIONIndefinite mandatory detention
•Australia,theUKandCanadaimposingmandatoryandindefinitedetentiononasylumseekersasthefirstcourseofaction
•DespiterepeatedcondemnationthispolicyhashadpoliticalsupportfrombothmajorAustralianpoliticalpartiesforover20years
•AllasylumseekerswhoarriveinAustraliabyboatwithoutavalidvisaaredetained,withnolimitimposedonhowlongtheycanbeheld
![Page 44: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
•1373inoffshoredetention,67arechildren
•29deathsinonshoreandoffshoredetentionfacilitiessince2010
•AUD$1billionayearondetainingasylumseekersinoffshoredetention,fivetimestheUNHCRbudgetforallofSouthEastAsia
![Page 46: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
•ThemajorityofthoseseekingasylumarefleeingwarandpersecutionfromAfghanistan,SriLanka,Iraq,IranandMyanmar
•TherearenocountriesenroutethathaveratifiedtheRefugeeConventionsotheycanclaimprotectionunless,anduntil,theyreachAustralia
![Page 47: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
INTERNATIONAL RESPONSEPolicies in breach of International law
•SpecialRapporteuronTorture,JuanE.Méndez,foundthatpartsofAustralia’simmigrationdetentionregimeviolatedtheConventionagainstTorture
•UNHCRhascriticisedAustralia’soffshoredetentionpolicyasinhumane
•UNHighCommissionerforHumanRights,ZeidRa’adAl-Hussein,statedthatAustralia’spoliciessetapoorbenchmarkforotherstatesintheAsiaPacificregion
![Page 48: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
REFUGEE & ASYLUM SEEKER RESPONSE“Stop torture, release us”
![Page 49: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
CIVIL SOCIETY RESPONSE#LetThemStay #BringThemHere
![Page 50: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
![Page 51: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
![Page 52: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
•2,362kilometresNorthofAustralia
•7.5millionpeople
•IndependencefromAustraliain1975
•SharesborderwiththeIndonesianProvinceofWestPapua
•Partytoboththe1951conventionandthe1967protocol
![Page 53: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
AccordingtoUNHCRPapuaNewGuinea(PNG),thereareMixedflowsofurbanasylum-seekersandmigrantsfromSouth-WestAsia,
theMiddleEastandAfrica
WestPapuanRefugees/asylumseekers
Refugees/asylumseekersforAustralianoffshoreprocessing(Manus)
Others(eg;regional,IDPsetc)
REFUGEE AND REFUGEE LIKE SITUATION IN PNG
![Page 54: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
AUSTRALIAN OFF SHORE DETENTION CENTRES IN PNG
![Page 55: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
WEST PAPUAN REFUGEES FROM INDONESIA
![Page 56: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
•ClosestNeighbourofPNG(bothontheIslandofNewGuinea)
•WestPapuaRefugeesituationhasbeenongoingformorethanforty(47)years
![Page 57: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
•WestPapuaaformerDutchcolonyandwhenDutchadministrationtransferredtoIndonesiain1963,therewasresistance/separatistmovementforselfdetermination/independenceandcontinuestoday.
•WestPapuansareethnicallyMelanesiananddonotwanttobepartofIndonesiawhichisgeographicallyandethnicallyAsian(inracialdiscourseMelanesiameansBlackIslandfrizzyhairpeople)
•Theyhaveformedseparatist/proindependencemovementsagainstIndonesianGovernment
BACKGROUND
![Page 58: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
•IndonesiangovernmentHumanRightsviolationsagainstWestPapuans:includingdescriptionsofbombing,strafing,executions,imprisonmentswithouttrial,beatings,masskillings,tortureandrape
•20,000peopleinternallydisplaced,morethan13,000crossingtheboarderstoPNGanditisincreasing
CAUSE FOR ASYLUM
![Page 59: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
POSITIVE
•PNGisapartytoboththe1951conventionandthe1967protocol,socontinuestoworkwithUNHCRandotherorganizationslikeNGOs,donorsonWestPapuacases
•Grantingcitizenshipwithfeewaiver
PNG RESPONSE
NEGATIVE
•CriticismofPNGgovernmentontheconditionsoftherefugeecamps
•CriticismonPNG/AustraliaPacificSolutionPolicy(offshoredetentioncentres,ManusIsland)
![Page 60: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
PACIFIC REGIONAL RESPONSE
CalltojoinMelanesianSpearHeadGroup:Politicalbodymadeupof5MelanesianCountriesPNG,Fiji,SolomonIslands,Vanuatu,NewCaledoniaaFrenchterritory
![Page 61: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
PACIFIC REGIONAL RESPONSE
•Questionofstatesovereignty?CountriesinPacifictightlipped
![Page 62: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
•CallforUNtoinvestigatehumanrightsabuses(unsuccessful)
•CallforinternationalsupervisedvotebywestPapua(May3rd2016)
INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE
![Page 63: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Contentious and intractable question
ShouldtherebesupportforthecourseofWestPapuaforself-determinationsothepoliticalrefugeesituationcanberesolved?
possibleornot?
CONCLUSION
![Page 64: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
RECOMMENDATIONS
•Recognitionofthemultidimensionalinterconnectednessbetween refugeeandrefugee-likeparadigmsacrossorigin,host,transitanddestinationcountries
•RegionalCooperationtolookatdurablesolutionsandmovebeyondasecurityparadigmtooneofprotectionandhumanrights
•Dialogueandcooperation,notonlybetweenstatesandregionalbodies,alsoinclusiveoflocal,nationalandregionalNGOs,civilsocietyandthosefleeingrefugeeandrefugee-likesituations
•Strategicallyaddressingtherootcausesofforceddisplacement
•Regionalandinternationalsolutionsneedtocallintoquestion,andtakeactionon,statesovereigntyrhetoricthatresultsinhumanrightsabusesandoverridesinternationallaw
![Page 65: MHRD Asia Pacific - Global Classroom 2016 Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030300/5880fded1a28abc3368b6b31/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
THANK YOU!
MHRD – Asia Pacific
Hosana ChayHamza Khan
Natalie LowreyCatherine Bolinga