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7ADAO 017 GEORGIA INST OF TECH ATLANTA FIG 17/9PARAMETR IC INVESTIGAYION OF RADOME ANALYSIS METHODS. VOLUME IV .- ETC U)-LI" I' FEB a81 H L A SSETT , J M NEWTON, W ADAMS AFOSR-77-3469
UNCLASSIIFIEIQ AORTR-11062 NL
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3 AEOR- TR. 8 1 -04862
PARAMETRIC INVESTIGATIONOF
RADOME ANALYSIS METHODS:
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
By
H. L. Bassett, J. M. Newton, W. Adams, J. S. Ussailis,M. J. Hadsell, & G. K. Huddleston A. 1*
Prepared for
AIR FORCE OFFICE OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (AFSC)BOLLING AIR FORCE BASE, D. C. 20332
FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT, VOLUME IV OF IVGRANT AFOSR-77-346930 September 1977 - 31 December 1980
February 1981
GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYEngineering Experiment Station &SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
-,TLANTA, GEORGIA 30332
L. iLU-.j Approved forp- lic release ;
"j L 8 61 distribution ualimLted,CThe views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and
should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorse-ments, either expressed or implied, of the Air Force Office of Scientific Researchor the U. S. Government.
.- __ __ -----.-
UNCLASSIFIEDSECURITYACCtASI1FICATION OF THIS PAGE (".n D.,. Enerd)
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R REPOR - B " .. 2. GOVT ACCESSION NO. 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMMEF
4. TITLE (end Subtttte) . S. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD CO/I H 5
PARAMETRIC INVESTIGATION OF RADOME ANALYSIS Final Technical eort, V. 4METHODS". EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS, f 4/September 1977-Dec. 19r-'J
6. PERFORMING OG. REPORT NUMBER
7. AUTHOR(*) 8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(,)
H. L. Bassett, J. M. Newton, W..Adams, J. S.,, )I 'AFOSR-77-3469Ussailis, M. J. Hadsell i and G. K. Huddleston - '
9." PER'ORW OWGAN IATION NAME AND ADDRESS "10. PROdAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASKAREA 6 WORK UNIT NUMBER$
Georgia Institute of Technology- ,
Engineering Experiment Station & School of EE 61102PF3'011A6Atlanta, Georgia 30332
11. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 12. REPORT DATE
Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFSC)/ IFebruary.-1-81V-Physics Directorate 13. NUMBER OF PAGES
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Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.
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18. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
19. KEY WORDS (Continue on reverse side if necessary and Identify by block number)
Radome MeasurementsAntenna MeasurementsMillimeter Wave RadomeRadome Analysis
20. ABSTRACT (Continue on reverie side If naceeery end identify by block number)
This Volume 4 of four volumes presents 140 measured far-field patterns andboresight error data for eight combinations of three monopulse antennas and fivetangent ogive Rexolite radomes at 35 ciz. The antennas and radomes, all of dif-ferent sizes, were selected to provide a range of parameters as found in theapplications. The measured data serve as true data in the parametric investi-gation of radome analysis methods to determine the accuracies and ranges ofvalidity of selected methods of analysis.
DD ' )473 EDITION OF I NOV 65 IS OBSOLETE UNCLASSIFIED
SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE ("oWhn Date Entered)
PARAMETRIC INVESTIGATION OF RADOME ANALYSIS METHODS:
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
by
H. L. Bassett, J. M. Newton*, W. Adams*,
J. S. Ussaillis, & M. a. Hadsell
Engineering Experiment Station
Electromagnetics Laboratory* and
Radar and Instrumentation Laboratory
Georgia Institute of Technology
G. K. Huddleston
School of Electrical Engineering
Georgia Institute of Technology
Atlanta, Georgia 30332
Final Technical Report, Volume IV of IV
for
Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFSC)
Physics Directorate (Code NP-77-148)
Bolling Air Force Base, D. C. 20332
under
Grant AFOSR-77-3469
30 September 1977 - 31 December 1980
February 1981
AIR FoRcE OFFIOE OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (AJS )
NOTICE OF TRANlSMITTAL TO DDCThia technlical ' reviewed and i
approved for publc rvlease lAW AFR 190-12 (7b).
Distribution l3 unliwited.A. D. BLOSETe.hMC.l IllorU0tion Off Or
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I
Introduction... ... ... . .. . . . .. . . .. . ......
CHAPTER II
Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CHAPTER III
Radomes and Mounting Hardware ......... .................. 6
CHAPTER IV
Pattern Measurements ..... ................. . ....... 12
CHAPTER V
Boresight Error Measurements .......... ............ . . 18
F cces~lon ForITSGl-A&I
1':,' C TAB K]
"Ju i f ca t j0n
Al l
_.i t on/vstl~bity Cde
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
FIGURE Page
1 Schematic Drawing of Four-Horn Monopulse Antenna Array. 4
2 Photograph of Front View of Large, Medium and SmallAntennas ............ ......................... 5
3 Photograph of Medium Antenna Showing Tuning Screws inWaveguide Feeds .......... ..................... 7
4 Photograph of Input and Output Ports of Monopulse
Comparator ........... ........................ 8
5 Photograph of Complete Antenna Assembly Using Small Array. 9
6 Illustration of Dimensions of Tangent Ogive Radomes . • . 10
7 Photograph of the Five Radomes, Three Baseplates, ThreeAdapter Inserts, and Two Extension Rings Used in theExperimental Work ........ .................... 13
8 Radome Positioning Procedure: Large Array and Large F=IRadome Shown .......... ....................... .14
9 Coordinate System Used for Antenna Pattern Measurements
I.
ii
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE jaE
1 Ratios of Radome Inside Diameter to Antenna ApertureDiameter for Antenna/Radome Combinations Measured .. ..... 3
2 Monopulse Array Dime~nsions ................. 3
3 Radome Dimensions in Inches ................. 11
4 Measured Loss in Gain (decibels) For Eight Antenna/RadomeCombinations........................22
PARAMETRIC INVESTIGATION OF RADOME ANALYSIS METHODS:
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
I. Introduction
This technical report documents the pattern and boresight error
measurements mar> on eight combinations of three monopulse antennas and
five tangent ogive radomes at 35 GHz in support of the parametric inves-
tigation of radome analysis methods carried out under qrant AFOSR-77-3469.
The measurements program was carried out by personnel in the Electromag-
netics Laboratory and the Radar and Instrumentation Laboratory of the
Engineering Experiment Station at Georgia Institute of Technology during
the period October 1977 throuq December 1980.
This report is Volume IV of four volumes which comprise the final
technical report for this researc, -ant. Volume I presents an overview
of this research and salient results. Volume II documents the analytical
method and Fortran computer code used to .i '±yze the various antenna/ra-
dome combinations using a fast receiving formulation based on Lorentz
reciprocity and geometrical optics. Volume III documents the analytical
method and additional Fortran software required for radome analysis based
on the Huygens-Fresnel principle (surface integration).
The overall objective of this research is to develop a general
theory of radome analysis and to determine the accuracies of three compu-
ter-aided radome analysis methods under controlled conditions of antenna
size and placement, wavelength and radome size and shape. The measured
data presented here is used as true data in the assessments of the accu-
racies of those methods. It is expected that this measured data will be
used in the future by other investigators for the same purposes. It is
for this reason, and the fact that no similar data base currently exists,
that these measured data are so tediously documented.
Three antennas, representing small, medium, and large in terms of
radiating aperture size, were combined with five tangent ogive radomes
to provide a range of antenna/radome parameters that is likely to be en-
countered in the applications and for which the accuracies of likely com-
puter codes are to be determined. The parameters of the radomes include
both size (small, medium, large) and fineness ratio; i.e., ratio of radome
length to diameter. The tangent ogive shape was chosen because of its
ease of fabrication, analytical tractability, and widespread use in the
applications. The eight combinations of antennas and radomes measured
are summarized by the entries in Table 1.
The physical characteristics of the antennas and radomes used are
presented below: The measurement procedures and coordinate systems are
also described. The measured pattern data and boresight error data are
presented in Appendices A through K. Principal plane patterns and dia-
gonal plane patterns of the sum, elevation difference, and azimuth dif-
ference channels of the three antennas alone are presented in Appendices
A, B, and C. Measured principal plane patterns of the antennas with
radomes are presented in Appendices D through K for the eight combina-
tions used. Each of these eight appendices is conclude,1 with measured
boresight error data.
II. Antennas
The antennas are four-element monopulse arrays as shown in Figures
1 and 2. Their dimensions in wavelengths (X) at 35 GHz and in inches are
given in Table 2. Each element is a conical horn with a circular to
2
POw O-
Table 1. Ratios of Radome Inside Diameter to Antenna ApertureDiameter for Antenna/Radome Combinations Measured.
Antenna
Radome Small Medium Large
Small (F=1.0) 2.33 --.
Medium (F=1.0) 3.98 2.33 --
Medium (F=-l.5) -- 2.33 --
Medium (F=2.0) -- 2.33 --
Large (F=1.0) 7.28 4.27 2.33
Table 2. Monopulse Array Dimensions.
Dimension Small Medium LargeArray Array Array
(See Figure 1) x inches x inches A inches
A 0.919 0.310 1.839 0.620 3.633 1.225
B 2.589 0.875 4.567 1.540 9.015 3.040
C 2.108 .160 1.054 .320 2.604 0.878
D 1.275 0.430 5.456 1.840 6.153 2.075
3
I I
-. I-I-
/ II // I C
I \ I1 I I -
~ 1 'I
r
4
~ ~~~~7~ jim in------ - - -
.4
tD
rectangular waveguidte transit i en at t ht tI iroat. All four el(_.ments are
machined into a single piect, )f aluminum for stability and to facilitate
pattern measurumentls with and without the various radoms. The three
arrays produce measured sum patter:i i t-am widths of 28' (small array)
150 (medium) , and 8 (large) as shown in Appendices A through C.
Signals received by the horn elements are fed into a monopulse
comparator via four rectangular waveguide sections. The signal taths to
this point are not of exactly equal length; hence, low-loss dielectric
screws were introduced into the wave guide sections to adjust the phase
delay in each signal path to a single constant. That constant was deter-
mined by the relative phase of the longest signal path at the comparator
input port. An example of a waveguide section tuned in this way is shown
in Figure 3.
The monopulse comparator is a single unit of several waveguide
couplers. Signals received at the four input ports are combined to pro-
duce a sum, azimuth difference, and elevation difference channels. In-
put and output port views of the comyarator are shown in Figure 4.
The complete antenna assembly for the small horn is presented in
Figure 5. The elevation difference channel is shown connected to a har-
monic mixer. The remaining channels are terminated in matching impedances.
III. Radomes and Mounting Hardware
Five radomes of tangent ogive shap( were fabricated for us(
with the three antennas. Three radomes have fineness ratios of 1:1 and
three different base diameters designated as small, medium and large.
The remaining two radomes have medium base diameters with fineness ratios
of 1.5:1 and 2.0:1. Figure 6 and Table 3 present the radome dimensions
in froespace wavelengths (M) and in inches (")
......
j16--
Figure :3. Piloogr aph 'P**
in Waveguide Feed .
-Ob
I
5-0
1-4 5-0
F4)
C-4-)
C
I
5-
C
U-
4)5-0 5-
0-44 -J
C-C
-4
5-
t . - - -.-- ~---- -- -. -. --
~L~aJ
I-
-- I .1
A
Figure 6. Illustration of Dimensions of Tangent Ogive Radomes
L1(
Table 3. Radome Dimensions in Inches.
Small Medium Medium Medium Large
F=1.0 F=1.0 F=1.5 F=2.0 F=1.0
A 0.1875 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.375
B 2.110 3.440 5.250 6.940 6.318
C 2.370 3.825 5.663 7.540 6.875
D 2.550 4.015 3.993 4.000 6.910
E 2.050 3.510 3.497 3.500 6.410
11
Th'e ra(loiem w r, machine d from cyli ad:ro of Rv-xol it ( 4)r
The, wall thickness for al rd 'mns was chosen to he on the orde r )f ont.
wavel ength in atxe ,. ! 3% GH.'. 'T"i s t h iknursa; :rvided adecquat,
strength and rigidity in the laru,-r radomf,!; and consi .:t(nt effects for
all sizs.
The radomes were mounted to ;?(,cia]i ly machined baseplates as shown
in Figure 7. The base,-lates were. then affixed to selected extensi i tubes
for mounting the radome over the selected antenna. A cylindrical hole
was machined in each extension tube to fix the anale between the radome
axis and the antenna axis to pr_,cisely 150, and to accurately position
the antenna inside the radom(.
Additional mountinq hardware, was fabricated to allow the radome
with base ralate assembly to be rotated about the axis of the antenna as
shown in Figure 8. This hardware allowed for accurate positioning of the
ti,, of the radome with respect to the principal planes of the antenna to
facilitate boresight error measurcments. Provision was also made to ro-
tate the antenna/radome combination by any specified angle so thor creat
circle pattern cuts could be made using a single azimuth positionor ro-
tatine about i vertical axis.
TV. Pat tern Measurementc
The far field ran-zn, facilitatei the measurement of microwave an-
,.an a< with far fi ld r ions ,' f, ..- cc- ' -di-ztant. 1'.r ri- ye.-
gro;in, , on n(U ['i '- a S*[ W; !.a'il t to alj,.,w orientation of the antenna
:n', , ' ,.t . Tht' re;livi,:A (t, , ) , ,stal is suz.}port.d by a Scientific
.%tir,], ierz.'cv I~~, 1 i- i :an 1)(, positioned down rangeI
* t,;] ;,'. ' ,1 ;r v, , a . ,I ri:-ontal tr.c -k. The tralis-
7; *- .: ' 1: a a-a . i i i r . t and , lari zat ion of the
AL -- lA e
Radome Locked in Vertical Position
Rotation of Antenna with Radome Locked in Vertic,1l Position
Rotation of Radome/Antenna Assemblv to Desired Polarization
!'iuir 8.Radome Positioflifl, PrwceudurL: Large Array and Large F=I Radome Shown
transmitting antenna (in this case, a 35 GHz horn). Signals received by
the antenna under test are heterodyned by the phase/amplitude receiver
(SA 1753) as the antenna under test (AUT) is rotated about the vertical
axis. From the received signal amplitudes, a 1 kHz AM signal is pro-
duced as the imput to the pattern recorder (SA 1522-40). The recorder
produces a 10" x 20" rectangular plot of relative power one way versus
the angular position of the antenna. The angular movement of the re-
corder is directly linked to the test antenna positioner through a syn-
chro-transmitter-receiver feedback loop. No phase measurements were
attempted because of instabilities in the Klystron source and because
of the mechanical stability difficulties inherent at 35 GHz on an out-
door range.
To understand the pattern measurement procedure, consider the
initial position of the four-horn array (AUT) on the receiving pedestal
to be such that it is vertically polarized with respect to the horizon-
tal surface of the earth. The horizontal plane containing the axis of
symmetry of the antenna (z-axis) is the H-plane and corresponds to the
0=00 and 0=1800 planes of the spherical coordinate system shown in
Figure 9(a). H-plane measurements were made by rotating the azimuth
positioner in the clockwise direction (Observer #1 looking down on it),
starting from a position such that the antenna would be to the left of
Observer #2 standing upright behind the receiving pedestal and looking
toward the transmitting antenna at the other end of the range. When
the transmitting antenna is aligned rotationally about its axis to be
vertically polarized, the so called parallel polarization component
in Figure 9(a) is recorded. By rotating only the transmitting an-
tenna by 90° clockwise (Observer #2) to yield horizontal polarization,
the cross polarization component V in Figure 9(a) was measured.
15
= Z ,i
yx
H-Plne:0 =00 = 100 -Oeas
450 -Plan130 =400=~3o0 - es
-45 0 -lane 0 =13500 .4 0 40 Oe.
10 O010
PATRVNGEOes
(b) elaionhip to ecodedPatern easremnts
FIGURE ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~w 9.CodntxytmUe o nen atr esrmns
16H
The recorded pattern angle 0 for the H-plane patterns measuredflea s
during this program is exactly the negative of the polar angle 6 defined
in Figure 9(a). This statement is true for all pattern measurements, ex-
cept the E-plane patterns, and the relationships between the patterns pre-
sented in Appendices A through K and the antenna coordinate system are
summarized in Figure 9(b). These relationships are of critical importance
to ensure that accurate comparisons to computed patterns are made, es-
pecially when the radome is present.
The E-plane of the AUT is the vertical plane which contains the
antenna axis of symmetry; i.e., the yz-plane of the antenna coordinate
system shown in Figure 9(a). Pattern measurements in the E-plane were
made by first rotating both the AUT and transmitting antenna 900 clock-
wise (Observer #2 behind AUT). Pattern recordings of the parallel com-
ponent yE of Figure 9(a) were then made as described above for the H-poen
plane. By rotating the transmitting antenna 900 (Observer #2), the cross
component VE of Figure 9(a) was measured. The relationships between the
recorded patterns and the antenna coordinate system are summarized in
Figure 9(b).
Diagonal plane pattern measurements were made on the antennas
alone for modeling purposes. The planes are defined by 0=45 ° and =-45*
in the antenna coordinate system of Figure 9(a). The relationships to
the recorded patterns are shown in Figure 9(b).
The receiver used had only a single channel, and pattern measure-
ments on each channel (E, AEL , A AZ) of each antenna were done one channel
at a time. The harmonic mixer was installed on the desired port of the
monopulse comparator. The other ports were terminated in matched wave-
guide loads. The mixer and loads were interchanged until all the channels
were measured.
17
All pattern measurements with the radomes in place were done in
the same manner as with the antennas alone. The radome under test was
always mounted so that its axis of symmetry made an angle of 150 with
the axis of symmetry of the antenna; furthermore, the radome was rotated
by angle a so that the tip was located in the 0 = -450 plane of the an-
tenna coordinate system of Figure 9(a). This position was selected to
produce measurable boresight errors and pattern asymmetries in both
principal planes. Boresight error measurements were later made as a
function of this angle a as explained in the next section.
Measured pattern data for the antennas alone are presented in
Appendices A, B, and C. Patterns with the radomes are presented in
Appendices D through K. Note that for these latter patterns, the pat-
tern of the antenna alone is shown as a dashed line for reference pur-
poses. Although some effort was made to show the relative gain and
boresight data correctly on these patterns, the boresight error graphs
presented at the end of each appendix and the measured relative gain
data presented below should be consulted as the final, correct data.
V. Boresight Error Measurements
When a radome is placed over the monopulse antenna, an error in
the boresight of the antenna on the order of a few tens of milliradians
may result. Electrical boresight is indicated when the antenna is posi-
tioned in the central nulls of the two orthogonal monopulse channels
(A , A ). This position of the antenna without radome is the trueEL AZ
boresight of the antenna.
Boresight error caused by the radome is defined here as being the
actual angular position of the target (transmitting antenna) in the coor-
dinate system of Figure 9(a) when electrical boresight is indicated in
18
the difference channels. For example, a positive boresight error iuI Azi-
muth (elevation) would place the target in the ¢=O plane ( =90 ° , Ian,.)
of Figure 9(a). Equal, positive boresight errors in both azimuth andF
elevation sould place the target in the =45O plane. Negative boresignc ,
errors may also occur.
Boresight error measurements were made during this investigation
using a precision milling machine rotary table as a turntable mount fzr tthe receiving monopulse antenna and radome. Error measurements werec
made in the elevation and azimuth channels separately. boresicIr .rrc!,
in azimuth were measured by first positioning the monopuls, ,rr .
transmitting antenna on the far-field range to yield vertical
tion. The turntable was carefully rotated until electrical ;,rc.-. , :.
the AAZ channel was indicated. The radome was then placed over th <
tenna and positioned in the angle a. The turntable was carefully ad-
justed to indicated electrical boresight in the AAZ channel. The bore-
sight error was then read directly from the vernier scale of the tur:,-
table. Boresight errors in the elevation c..annel (A EL were done similar-
ly by rotating both antennas 900 clockwise (Observer #1) about their
common axis of symmetry and repeating the above procedure.
The indication of electrical boresight was obtained using a
Hewlett-Packard 415 VSWR meter, crystal detector, and l-kHz amplitude
modulation on the 35 GHz signal being transmitted. The detector was in-
stalled on the difference channel port of interest and connected to the
VSWR meter. The difference channel null position was determined by mea-
suring equal amplitudes on either side of the null as the turntable was
rotated about the null position, and then taking the average of the two
angular readings on the turntable vernier scale. This method was adopted
19
*1l' i '' , ad :at I ru .u'rdor y i'li'd - '-t ie res!-ul t. du'e to
Au:'ll Piss iLm(Vv _, * i- radonm reti i, A dwaie wasme: i- so)
nu:1: l 'array axis, orsmety)axsl Also, the, rasiemt- with!a, -
- eu 7. 0 ro ' ttd1 abu n' 1:-axis of t-ise trstenn su: ht hC ra-
* lu- co uld( beroi ioedt lie I any ;=u lane of icure ,(b)
.SuresPiant error measurements were made-ais a funtctioin of tis asoic A.
1- r exam!ule , wheon a',the rademe thu: lie.s in t:.e -- t- : lar~e of tie, anter.-
uaes "ncboresicoht error ) n azimuth but none e' levation djue to sym-
<try. When a-=Q, no bore sighit error in the 0, 1"". elwould boe x-
<t(due to symametry) , bIut errors, in wo uA id, i e ted. For any
..t:r value of aerrors would. be exj _ectec3 in bia'cs.
The measured boresiol- errors for ' -- admceon-
hinationts shown in Tab le i are ur,. sent- ' r, -af o .
A' ,ondices D througjh K. Each fioure_ : -r! ;In -ma: us in
nut>, anid in elevation - For oenc 'Ira:.: li- a; t .- : ,U arnql t ,
2i tuer ordinate isboresigh t error i.d- r' -. a-a ,- were made
- -insremntstnsow-1. t__( ompd e t rtnou of zo odO Ideal's,
b ssgterrors are nut s.~r-pm wa ,t_ : *r too' of Is- ' de2qrees;
<use 'U iauros: dlata ov(,r two pcriOdsF nro-CVi~'' an mdi(j .t1ion of re-
*Iaul a ri snitny
A nder' .31'<au ua lossL ini on-axis riain of the sun' enannol of
nr'uss ulus>astr a -treg. lsswa s mnc -eared czii nulv by rx'initorang
-r~ ~ ~ 1 '>"I ar':.s ad 1p''itt ins;j arnt', na wor'i, 'ms 1K ma3xinulm
received signal in the sum channel. Gain loss was measured at tlh- four
angular positions a of the radome as presented in Table 4.
21
21
5'j .1.!.M1asurL'd Lo-,s i Gain Fdcj>I)Ior Ei,,ht
,Vntc~nlla/Ra cneM Conu; j1 na n10n a
Antenna Radurnc ~-5~ =-
Isll,,1 Small (F=!.') .407 r).C
MNediun (F=1.0) .3 1.71.
Larci-e (F=l. 1) 1. 4' i. e 1.4
Mecdium Medium (F'1.l) 1~ .
Medium (1.).01.0 1.0
Medium (F--2.0) 0. 6
APPENDIX A
Antenna Patterns of Small Array Without Radome
23
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00
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(80) RVM 3N0 N3MOd MiJV138
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(8GJ ).UM I3NO 4i3M~d 3A]it8l d
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1901 AIJM 3NO $3MCd IAII138~c'j q (0 2 C4- 4 C6 Cj a, 0 ~ -T w
-- AW
APPENDIX B
Antenna Patterns of Medium Array Without Radome
37
77 1
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39
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2~to
ci)
CC
(04 - T toJ o C3 C) C (0 6 j L ,r- 6-I to CD4-
400
180J)~d AU -NO S3M~d 3AI18'138
r Coj
HD
190)AUM NO 4MOJ AII818-
(6 a C 4r 6 6 C 4 C 4 c
-6-
D-
N CT
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Z
A')
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______________ (20) AUM 3NO 83MOd 3AI1ti138 ________
0 0 '
CID
IT-1
w~ ao (a G C-Ir L
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coj
44J
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C)
(80) ~M 3NO UMOd 3A]I188C
C~
j zRC
LAA
(90) tUM 3NO J3MO6 3A1IA138
LL
(0] AUM_3N0 _______3AI___38
D _ D 6
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A
7
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N ~ (0 ~ N CD Q) N ~ (C CD
C_~_CD _____ _______
tDOJ )J~M ~NO ]AII&lJd
- 8
1
~1
C
-~ Q
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8
C-
C
C
____________ ___________ C.)________________ (20) AdM 3N0 ~AI1b1~ N CD I
CD N -S- ~ CD ~ N CD - -S
C-.
NCD
0CC
I --
49
00
CTCD
q-0 CDe rN 13M~ 3AI J 0N 30
CD CD
-i
P90) lkdM ]NO 3M~d IA11813N
1 0 c C6 C 4 11) D r
003 kUM AGU 3MOd 3A118136
-4
____ ___ ____ ___ (20 AtP ~ M~ JA~U1 ~ ___ ____ ___ ___
N ~ .0 ~ N ~ '.0 ~ '0 G) N 0 (
511
CC
(980) )AM 3NO 41M~d 3A11b]28 C
EDE
CD
hrr
Q C ~ C C
190) kdM 3NO 83MOd 3AI]±J138
(.20) k8M 3NO gMcl 3A11tfl38CCl 6 CD -c'J 4~ G6 C T' w D C6
53
APPENDIX C
Antenna Patterns of Large Array Without Radome
55
~10
(N
(N ~ (0 QJ (N 'r1 (0 O ( D (D 00 N ~ (
(80) AVM 3NO 83MOd 3AIiV13d
C4C
0
to
j6Ili
0~0 0 0
(80) AVM 3NO N3MOd 3AIY138
-AMA,
mms~mum - --Ew
(8G) AVM 3NO 6L3MOdi 3AIlI36~
Oi
Ln
K 7 c
C
(Rn)AVM NO ~~M~dJA~i~a?
C4I
VV)
C
(00
00-
-:T
(H59)
00
I (803) )AVM 3NO 83M'Od BAIivl'1]d
-14
CN
________________ A__M__________ 3AIIV38C,4 4 b 4 '.b ab a,b b 4.jM ~
C1 t ( 0 CD
(80) )AVM 3NO 83MOd 3AWi138
CN
-4 i
040
M2o
CI
612
C()
0 0
(80) "VM 3NO 83MOd 3AIIV13
CN
01
NNM
Adin
00 0
C(C'4 I ) -4C
W)~V JkmNO 83MOd 3AiV]36i
C4
La
630
(14 I (D OD N -4- (0) CO I N ' 0 ),
(8G) AVM ]NO dIMd A N7
-00
(0
C1)
C',C
r,
As 1
V -
040
C)
7
CNC
000
to
65
0L 0c)
(D OD C4 ( (N ~ 0 0i 'Kt w O
(Rc) ;AVM 3NOi 63MOd 3AIil38
-4
(8(1) AVM 3NO 3MOcl 3ALLV-13't ( b c 4 b ob b c 4 b
C-
It' 00 N3 C ' r ED c(0
(80) AVM 3N0>I3MOd JALLV1Jd t
4;
C
w
cz
0l
67I
11
(8c]) AVM 3NO, 83MOd AV-3C 4 (6 o b b 64 4 b b 6
co2
687
(80) AVM 3NO 83MOd 3AliV1J6
C1
(80) AVM 3NOI 8MOd 3AIiV1J31c4b 64 c0 c) - 64 b ob vu4cb
co
69
(80) AVM 3NO, 83MOd 3AUN1JN
001
ul
______________ 80) VM JO ~3M~d3A)11Ji
N 'I O ~ ~ N(0 CXlillhCD Cm
CN C-CC (
(80) AVM 3NO 13MOd 3AIiVl136
E
0
-.d
----- --- 2
ri .
W) AM 3N183Md 3AV13
b ob 4J
71
APPENDIX D
Antenna Patterns of Small Array with Small (F=I) Radome
73
C-
C":
-----------
C.
rC
C"
C:
-CD
OD
--4
A.,A
180) .kUM 3NO 83MOd 3A11U1-
-4i
10________ (0) ).LfM 3NO 3MOd 3A11UiD8 ____d__
cr.2)
-- C6 4
75
I- I U I :Ml -A jT
t 9 iJ UY M d ] 'i i
CD
-T I( o J 4- b 00- w Go Ll -I S-.J ko---~- ODK 1<
I)-
7A
7 2
0 C)L
4 4 t (D 0 4 D 0
AVJ),M ]NO 83MOd i3AUV2 x2
- r.
__________ (90) AVM 3NO I3MOd 3AIIV1 d 4
Ci4t b264 o 4- b ( 4 ..b cb
77
U--------------------
------ U -----------
go); AUM ]NO tAM iAlltjl
CD
- - - -- - - -
CD
v,
190) kBM 3N0 V3MOd 3AIltilla
C6DC(D cc - l - hr - I
CD
79-
U.)~~ C.1 CD O
1900J AUM iNG, AIM~ 3A]tIfd.
---- -----
-- -- - ---- ---
(6)-UM]N M~ J~i19cli
It Co l) C o C6(
CC)
-. --------
L6OJ )ABM N 3MCd 3AIb118
co
-02-
C', AL -, Cf
OC3 uM ]NO 83MOd jA Iu ja '
E
-J _
-- --- - --- 2 - :_: -- -------
.'1.
(90) AUM JN0 M
-- S" 2"- ) "
'aCs
00
7
U-1-
U.'J cU 3N C---- - -
- -- - - - - -- - --
E
I(GO] kdm JNCO 4MOd 3AIAb138~--
cCj (D co -W
83
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _- - i --- ---------
100 kM ]NO 41MOd 3A~ibll~i C
C6 4 6 C- C I D D- r Lo -0
C3
84.
--- -- -- -- -
1.00) AUM 3Nd~4JJ1]
- --- --
-2 ------
(903 ktlM -NO 3MO~d ]AA I
- ----------{~- ___--_____
85
ELEVATION P I 121!2.VNCE BORES] (HT ERRO R
0-
-
p'l ()- 9 0" 1200 1 5 0q 180' 21(0'' 240'' 270 3C)' '330"s 360'
AZIMUTH DIFFERENCE BORESIGHT ERROR
io, (0-9 0) 12- 1 )0 1800 21W' 240 270') '30"' 330" 3600
FIGURE D-3 )RES GUI ERRORS OF SMALL, ARRAY \ND SMiALLI (F=1) RAI)OME.
85I
APPENDIX E
Antenna Patterns of Small Array with M1edium (F1l) Radome
87
" 2 -- - .-
.. .. ... . I-
C
C
ICC
'2--2
- - '
WCD CD C)vj Nm
~.8O) uW .N D- -
CD-
LQ
tC
89E
- - ---- . .
C1 -, Lo 00
----- - -- ,- .
---------
---- -- ..-
, ) C
_____ __ C)
-. 1 hi--
L~LJ
(so) AVM 3NO 63MOd 3AUiV136
C:6 ab c 4 6 obrb e
co
91
------------
NN
-C --- ---- -- --- - - ----- -----------
(U0]) ),UM ]NO 4JMOJ 3Aliti hi
- 90) kUM iANO 43MOd ]A] jlltlC T c, T 1 -
k- IN 0 tl c ~ (
A0AIOO 017 GEORGIA INST OF TECH ATLANTA F/G 17/9PARAMETRIC INVESTIGATION OF RADOME ANALYSIS METHODS. VOLUME IV.-ETC(U)FEB 81 H L BASSETT,.J M NEWTON, W ADAMS AFOSR-77-3469
UNCLASSIF AFOSR-TR-81-0462 NL
hhhhhhhhmmmu__EE~hhhEE~ohh
CD
CIO
00 f l r f CC)-r
(80) AdUM 3NO []MOd 3AI.18138i I
---- -- - -
--------------------------------------
1~-------------
--- -- -----
E5
(.20) kUM NO 3Hoj A1iu - -
& k7 7 -6c: 'i
z
LCNJ
(GO) kUM JNO 83MOd 3AIILJ138
r- i
C13
(20 AM 3NO 43M~d ]AI1Ui __________
c~ci fr (0 02 - C'
-A , .0
(X)
C)
-J
-N It w co C W 0
)
4.
0
C"- - - - -0
I C)
1~______________ ______________________________
- C
C? C 'r w c
(803 Akl 3NO ]3MOd VAiiiLf1
---------------
CC
-ZT CD c
-o
970
L l_______ (9V)d N 3~ A11
-J - c' -1,
---------
L --------
U--
(80) kdM 3NO 43M~diT13
I - - - - - -- -- -
______________ (03 AUM ]NO 3MO8 3A~ib13__
EI.!' \Ii N I)1I 2EIIINCE BORE,(;tT ERI(Rl'2 ,4 ......1
12' -.
6-
0-
12_
i i I i I I 1 1 f Io- 3V- 6W' 90o 120 1 5)-' 1802 210' 240" 270 3000 3300 3600
RADOME ORIENTATION ANGLE
AZIMUTH DIFFERENCE BORES[GHT ERROR2O
151-
_ 2. 15 1 L I I I'3 -
Y) 630 9()' 120'- 30 1 9' 210' 2 40'- 270 300 330 360
"ICUNE -l 13. BORES IGH'T ERRORS OF SMALL ARRAY AND MEllDIUM (FE=1) RADOME.
1 W-
APPENDIX F
Antenna Patterns of Small Array with Large (F=l) Radome
101
Cx Lb O
12-
CDC
00- IX
C CC
C]103
------ --- - ------ -
C)
CID
-------------
LUC3 C-)C
iGO) AUM 3NO 53M~d 3Alid1]J
I GO3 AU ANO JM~ ]Alul E
105~
"D CO .
<2~~RT H AM ANO 3M~d 3AJAl~
--- - ----- --- - --
I I-
- - - - - - - - - - -
_ _- ___ ___ _
CL Dc)DN ~cr)
(H)3 AUM 3NO 3]M~d 3A]1U13 - -
CrC)
Lo N
C-
Cr)
Il-
C ~ C:Lo
107
-I-
LdIJ kUM ]NO JM08 3AIIU]SJ1. 1
46 c 3II
zsm=
*, w nrr - -- - -
n
CD)
---
-
- - - ---- -
- - -- - - - - - - - -
-- ~------------
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00
-I
1091
(80J AdM ]NQ $3M~d 3A] b13 I
t4
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2~~~t C~ rc C)L
I~
C)
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Lc cC)
r2
ki 0 C)
(8Q) AVMA 3NO 8]MOd 3AIiV1]d - - ---
____________(80) kVM 3NO 83MOd JALYig
(b a 64 4 ( cb b b jNj
'CTi
-C) CD
____-IT _D c C__ 17_w w,,j .1 Lo-O
(80) kdM JNO iM 0d JAL~j -4Z-
----- -
- --- - -
CE
I I
CIDCD
-- -- -- - - - 1
to
sow3
U--'
LU
IN~IiSO) kdM 3NO 3Mgd JAiIu-i
------------
---- - -- - -
. + - -+ . . . . - -- - - ---. ..
CC-
- - --- ----.'R~~d N IMd~h ~ ~ - :-C
II
- r- -
113
ELEVATION 1)1FFE10IENCE 30 RUS I El lRW ia)R
.)0
20 L i I I I I I I/
"-15
0' 30" 60 900 120'- 150' 1 ROQ 210' 240 270 300 330 360"
RADOME ORIENTATION ANGLIE
AZIMUTH DIFFERENCE BORESIGHT ERROR15.
10-
0 -
-15
-10-
0) 30" 600 900 120 . 150(' 180' 210' 2400 270( 300" 3300 3o0-
FIGUR"AIU F-1E3. BORESI(HT ERRORS OF SMALL ARRAY AND LARGE RADOME.
114
13,l I I i I AWLI
APPENDIX G
Antenna Patterns of Medium Array with Medium (F=l) Radome
115
T- -T-4 ---- -- - - - -
-J -D
fta Kt -Al-bi
(80) )AVM 3N0 83MOd 3AUN'13,' C
04 -- W b N b ob 64 4 kb e 64 t L
0 rI
117
" lt :
CD'
tO ~~fl (NJ -----------.- - T~
CD
C6~~ L 4 , 6 , 4C
J
( CID
NM
C\Jcl r U) coU fl Cj ~ )
k803 ),UM 3NO 3MOd 3AIibdl36
co-
Lo
oi
119
180) A,,M JNO J3Mld 3AIT-13I
CD-i
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CC)
CD.
-L -S-.K.-m
LU N
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(80) XV'M 3N0 83MOd 3A11Ql 38
------
'HI
C14,
121
71?
CLJ a6 C C 4 L M D C------------dN r
(.0 1 BM 3NO UMOd 3AI138B
1231
CI -I-c
-----------
C-)~
(GO J ktM ANNC IMOd 3Allu138
("i 'r t, C,) CE
LAJC C C
----- - --- -L-- j---
CD
125
cnl
-j i
(8)AdM 3NO -1 Md 0 AI, ~ dC
- w
C C
10
CD
C3C
00
L0 L0C--; -r
127
I.hJ.LVAI 1 ON 01 I F R'llN(I:I HURLiS I UH'F' ]IIt()R
10
-5 ,
0 ° 300 60C 90 ° 120' 150 0 1800 2100 2400 270( 300c' 3300 3600
RADOME ORIENTATION ANGLE
AZIMUTH DIFFERENCE BORESIGHT ERROR
25 - I I I I I I I I I I
20-
15
10
S 5
-20
-25I I I I I I I I i I
01 30 60 - 90 o 12( " 0 18 . 21I)- 240 ) 270 ' 300' 330 3600
(:.o' -1 3. BHRES ITGT l!'RORS OF MEDMI'M ARRAY ANO MI. I)[M (F=I) RADOME.
128
APPENDIX H
Antenna Patterns of Medium Array with Medium (F=1.5) Radome
LV
129
-N --- ---- --
(9j) AVM 3NO ? MOt ]L±Vi j38
----
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - ---------- ...---
C
ob (b (N (N 4 UD o
Qj
C0 0
tacii k8M 3N0 3MOd 3A]Th136
~C)
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CC
131
C)--------- ----
-- -- -- - -~ ZO-_ r- L
--- -- -- -- ---------
--------------- --
.77!-
-\ E 0 J 6 C 4 D C- C
CL
*------
(80) AUM 3NO 43M~d 3AIib13 cJ 2"6
--------
----------
-------
____ ____ ___(801 kUM 3NG _______________
133
80) AUM 3NO 43Mgd - A k
--- -- --
"i
CDZ
(.90) IHM ]NO 43MOd 3AIibl36
____________ 19) AIdm 3N0 43MOd 3A]i138~
135
----- --
i eai kU ]NO43M~ 3AIH 3
L ac0( 6 C C CD C
-a4
(0 kHM 3NO 3 d Ai-6
100)),8 ]N 3O8 A1Ii13N
C r (D co-- r- -C L C
cli
1 3-
----~-----
---------
19 )AUM INO IiO AJ8
z (f m W (i CD (i CD ~j 7 -*--2
00z I
I (aa) AVM 3N0I 8MOd 3AIlVI36i
-4- b a C - bcb 4 ,b b 2
137
- - -- - -- - - -
-- - - - - - - - - - - - -
------------ -- --------
L81 90 ktM .3NO 43MOd ]AI18136
k ~~2- coAi 4crC
(\J ~ W ~ N N t (0 ~ C'J--- ,---
,A 6 : - M ! R I
7,i
z - 0
(60) AHM 3NO 43M~cd 3A~lb138
cli n 4 6 C 4 C Cr
139-
CD-
k) C) cD _f oc r L
(80) AUM 3NO 43M~d 3AIti 3~
C-- r
c) - >
______ A ____ I ____1
(80 6 3 NO 43MOd J-AIA136
G8O At(M ]NO 43MG ]Aid
cli0
El\ 'AT ION D I H: R I2NC E BON I' SI (:IT I:kER
2!)It
20
0 30c 60' 900 12C- 150" 180' 210- 240' 270' 300' 330' 360
RADOME ORIENTATION ANGLE
AZIMUTH DIFFERENCE BORESIGHT ERROR
-20
114
APPENDIX I
Antenna Patterns of Medium Array with Medium (F=2) Radome
143
. ......---"--... ........------
- - - -- ---
(8G) AVM ]NO dIM~d JAUV138 .~j
-ILL
- C',C-
-"
- - '-- - -- "3
(80) AVM ]NO! d3AMOd I]AI±v1Jd
2. A A C A 0
(N. ~ C CCN us US N s (N US _
03
kaG) xvM 3Nd A M~d i3ALVql
CN ~i (0 Go2 wN co0 (N "b 7') . In ob)
145
0D (X
~~~ t - -- ---- - -
-- - - - - - - - -
(82) AVM ]NO' (']fOdi liV'13 -
146 <
N 0 00 (N I- I'D 00 (N 4 (0 C
(eG) AVM 3N0 63MOd 3AU-V-11
- I ---
C14 110 cc - -D -0 W O
co C
147
171
2
,,--': ) -
(aG) AM 3N6 3~L7~11I~ (
L '
------------
----------- ---- - -
(90) IkVM 3NO, 83MOd 3AUlV]38 = --- - -
o2
-U- I.-< K
'KI
U.)'- (0 0 (N 't (D co (Nh Lo OL.0
(80) AVM ]NO 8i]MOd JALLV136
149~
C,4 - (D 00 N 'D Dr0 (NI c
(8(j) AVM 3NO 8iiMOd 2 AIVT11
150
'D co C,4 v) I N ' 0 02(Jf(, cc)C
(80) AVM ]NOiI 6MOd 3AiiV116
(8G) ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -kV z13~ Ai-3
C ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ _0 -bC, 4 b c ~ b c b C
(o~~- co (N -;
(Oc) AVMA INOdI MOd ]AILV'i -
-- -- ---- - - -
- - - - - -
----- ------------------- -------------
--------- -- -- ----
-------------- ----------------- ------
(iM) VM 3OI 81~d 3LV13
(b do
_________________________________o
I _j
I GC ) IPM 3NO 63M 3AIiVq136
--FHV
83M~d 3~iV-C-
(20 kV £ rC~~~j~ 0 b o 4 4 6 o
fnC-'
153)
7_--
(80) AVM 3N& 6L]MOdi lAliV]I3
154
........ . .
C 03
N '~(D cci OD ~ 0~J
(EIG) A.VM 3NO i]MOdi 3AliVfl:
r,
LA5
-IE\'A1'ON J)1 FERFNCI: BORE1,P ;Hi' 1-IKEOR)~3
7-
.4
12-
6-
-30
-310" 60") 90D 1200 150' 1801 210'40 270' 300' 33V 3600
RADOME ORIENTATION ANGLE
AZ1W5TH DIFFE-RENCE- BoprSIuiT E-RRoR
-6
-12
- 18
0 30" Wj) -90 120' 150 180(' 211 O' 2400- 270 '300' 3 10 3oo0
El GERE 1-1-3. BORESIG(HT ERRORS OF MEDI UM ARRAY AND MO N(!:=2) RA DOME.
APPENDIX J
Antenna Patterns of Medium Array with Large (F=I) Radome
157
Il7-
• ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ H -V ]N .. ...... . ... .. .... I A I
1
C -~ P, D (3 I ~ '-~Q2 (
\,Ld(!) ,AVAA NO J(Yod ],~ - -_.. C
. i .
i - - . . . . . . . . . . .. . _ . . .. .. uC
.2 C
, -- 4
-- -- .,,.
--*_ _I5
I-'
C)
158
(OU) AVM 3NO 6A]Mod 3AIiV'136
-Fci kC Nj 3Md]IY
-Czc61__
7ll
1 --
C-,N
41
CO C 4 6 Cb e4 4 b a
---------
(80) "VM 3N0 13M~d 3AUIV13d
CD
(80) A~VM 3NO18-MOd 3AUY1366N1 4 (N ob( 6 o 4 4 (N v
161
- - -- - - - -- - -
(in~ A------------
00(e_ _ _ AV N 3C Ai-3
ab c2 c 6 ob 64 4 Qb O 4 01
Lu 0--AJ
(80) AVM 3NO 83MOd 3AIiI36~
C'
b~~~t b ou bd
C14C
L,
163
(D 00
(8) -V 3NJI6Md AY
(80) AV.M 3NO 8Md3AIiI38
2.z
164
LzLoJ-j C
04 'T (D DO 0j- ";r~ (D 0
(80) AVM 3NO 63MOd 3AlV1J38
CC)
1651
---- NOW
'0 " -t
(e83) AVM 3N0 83MOd 3AIPC36 -
cc
--------- ----
---------- -- - ---- ---
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- ----- - ---
---------
C,4
3NO 83~d 3AI-YI-
01 ! C '
a A
ENN
C A
1 (80) XVM 3NO 8E3MOd 3AIiV"136 It________
C)
167
A _ _ _ _ jL--- -j.--777
00
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CD(80) ).WM 3NO N3MOd 3AIIV]]d __ __ __ _
b C 6 Do(V .
_____________________________________ __________________________________________ ________________________________________
W 0 N -T o N~
(ao) AVM 3NO 63MOd 3ALLY136
I ------ ----
* (90) kVM~ :)I 6M~c IALV-13664 4 4b x
FE-
,j
L)J, ,
"+I A' 1 1 (N ' I I,'T (1 ! i d ) I I i I
-18 -
3() 0'o 90) 0 O 18 2Q 270 30 330' 360)
RDi. OR,-,,,4 AN LI
RE ~ AZMT DIFFERE.CEIORESIGIIT ERRORSOMEUMARYNT RE(Fi)ADM
11
" 30 6 0' 9 " 120" 1 -0' 1,90' 210') 240" 270" 300" 330' 360 +
I ICUE 1-, 3 BRAZ T:'IT DER ENS, O E S1_Gm A RRADR G (F1 RDM
170
APPENDIX K
Antenna Patterns of Large Array with Large (F=I) Radome
171
(8 ) VM NO 6MOd ]iV-Id
--------- ---------
- -------------------- -- '
(801) Avm 3NO1 3MOdJ 3AILY138
co C-4 1w .0
-- Mwmr-
a o C
(iN )-
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CN,
1731
0pow
-----------------
-- -- -~- - - - -- ---
(80) .WVM 3NO, dIN Gd 3AiIVfl3
co-
hILL
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Nt(80 A0M CN( 83~ (0 CJ Y o
I (8G) AVM ]NO 83MOd 3AI-LY136
C
tcc
C
op -t- 0
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T 7-- - - - -
-- - -- - -- --_- -- - -
----- --- -- -- _ 0
C
(80) XVM 3NO! 63MOd I3AIiI36](N 4 'I 00 "2 64 4 6 c '6 bt !
Nc
LJJLo'J
z1
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I, --
(ea) AVM 3NO 63MOd 3AUJI36J
b Lb
177
-- -- --- --
0~ N i
N (0) AVM NO 83MOd 3ALV1Jd -
C
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(80) AVM 3NO 63MOd 3AiV13
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183
ILEVATION DIFFERENCE BORE.SI(GHJT EPR()15, i i
5-
0-
-5-
-10
I -151
30' 60 90" 1200 150 180" 210( 2400 270 300 ' 330 360'
RADONIE ORIENTATION ANGLE
AZIMUTH DIFFERENCE BORESIGHT ERROR
20
:A-I I
0j
-20 . ..
1
(1 8o 2102 2170 30 10 3 0
ICUtRf' K-13. BORI'SI(;HT ERRORS OF I.AR(GE ARM, Y AND LA'RGE (FI"=) RAI)OME.
184
DATE
FILMED