mgt 211 questions

8/7/2019 mgt 211 questions

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1. Define the term management.

Management is the process of combining and coordinating a range of resources, either in the

form of money, people or equipment, to achieve an organisations goals.

2. Explain important functions of management.

A definition:(1)

Management is creative problem solving. This creative problem solving is

accomplished through four functions of management: planning, organizing, leading

and controlling. The intended result is the use of an organization's resources in a way

that accomplishes its mission and objectives. (Figure 1.1, From Higgins, page 7)

In Management Excel, this standard definition is modified to align more closely with

our teaching objectives and to communicate more clearly the content of the

organizing function. Organizing is divided into organizing and staffing so that theimportance of staffing in small businesses receives emphasis along side organizing. In

the management literature, directing and leading are used interchangeably. (Note

figure of Management Excel wheel)

Planning is the ongoing process of developing the business' mission and objectives

and determining how they will be accomplished. Planning includes both the broadest

view of the organization, e.g., its mission, and the narrowest, e.g., a tactic for

accomplishing a specific goal.

Organizing is establishing the internal organizational structure of the organization.

The focus is on division, coordination, and control of tasks and the flow of

information within the organization. It is in this function that managers distribute

authority to job holders.

Staffing is filling and keeping filled with qualified people all positions in the business.

Recruiting, hiring, training, evaluating and compensating are the specific activities

included in the function. In the family business, staffing includes all paid and unpaid

positions held by family members including the owner/operators.

Directing is influencing people's behavior through motivation, communication, group

dynamics, leadership and discipline. The purpose of directing is to channel thebehavior of all personnel to accomplish the organization's mission and objectives

while simultaneously helping them accomplish their own career objectives.

Controlling is a four-step process of establishing performance standards based on

the firm's objectives, measuring and reporting actual performance, comparing the

two, and taking corrective or preventive action as necessary.



3. What does a manager do.

1) Sets objectives. The manager sets goals for the group, and decides what work needs to be done to meet

those goals.

2) Organizes. The manager divides the work into manageable activities, and selects people to accomplish the

tasks that need to be done.

3) Motivates and communicates. The manager creates a team out of his people, through decisions on pay,

placement, promotion, and through his communications with the team. Drucker also referred to this as the

integrating function of the manager.

4) Measures. The manager establishes appropriate targets and yardsticks, and analyzes, appraises and

interprets performance.

5) Develops people. With the rise of the knowledge worker, this task has taken on added importance. In a

knowledge economy, people are the companys most important asset, and it is up to the manager to develop

that asset.

While other management experts may use different words and focus on different aspects of these

responsibilities, Mr. Druckers basic description of the managers job still holds.

4. what are the different levels of management.

There are three levels of management basically :

1. Top Management - The General Manager, Managing Director, Chief Executive, Board of

Directors all belong to this category. Authority mainly lies with this level of management. The

top level management generally performs planning and coordination function. It lays down

the broad policies and goals of the organization. It is also answerable to the shareholders for

functioning of the organization. The middle level managers are also appointed by the top level

management. It also maintains links with society at large.

2. Middle level Management - The departmental heads and the branch heads belong to this

category of management. The Middle level management is answerable to the top level

management for functioning of their departments. The middle level management generally

performs organizing and directing functions. It implements the organizational goals and plans

according to the directions of the top management. They act as mediator between top and

lower level management by clarifying and explaining policies from top to lower level. Also the

middle level has to communicate significant data and reports from lower level to the top level



management. It also boosts the lower level managers for better performance. It even has to

train the low level managers.

3. Lower level Management - The foremen, supervisors ,superintendents ,etc. all belong to this

category of management. They generally have to personally oversee and direct the lower level

employees. This level of management generally performs directing and controlling functions.

They train and boost up the workers. They look after the problems and grievances of the

workers and try to solve them.

5. distinguish between management and administration.

Nature of work

Administration: It is concerned about the determination of objectives and major policies of an

organization.

Management: It puts into action the policies and plans laid down by the administration.

Type of function

Administration:It is a determinative function.

Management: It is an executive function.

Scope

Administration:It takes major decisions of an enterprise as a whole.

Management: It takes decisions within the framework set by the administration.

Level of authority

Administration:It is a top-level activity.

Management: It is a middle level activity.

Nature of status

Administration:It consists of owners who invest capital in and receive profits from an enterprise.

Management: It is a group of managerial personnel who use their specialized knowledge to fulfill the

objectives of an enterprise.

Nature of usage

Administration:It is popular with government, military, educational, and religious organizations.

Management: It is used in business enterprises.



Decision making

Administration:Its decisions are influenced by public opinion, government policies, social, and religious

factors.

Management: Its decisions are influenced by the values, opinions, and beliefs of the managers.

Main functions

Administration:Planning and organizing functions are involved in it.

Management: Motivating and controlling functions are involved in it.

Abilities

Administration:It needs administrative rather than technical abilities.

Management: It requires technical activities

Management handles the employers.

Administration handles the buisness aspects such as finance.

What are the features of decision making?

· It is a process of choosing a course of action from among the alternative courses

of action.

· It is a human process involving to a great extent the application of intellectual

abilities.

· It is the end process preceded by deliberation and reasoning.

· It is always related to the environment. A manager may take one decision in a

particular set of circumstances and another in a different set of circumstances.

·

It involves a time dimension and a time lag.

· It always has a purpose. Keeping this in view, there may just be a decision not to

decide.

· It involves all actions like defining the problem and probing and analyzing the

various alternatives, which take place before a final choice is made.

mgt 211 questions

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