MGMT 5230A.M.B.A.

2008-2009

DefinitionsLeadership – the process of guiding and

directing the behavior of people in the work environment

Formal leadership – the officially sanctioned leadership based on the authority of a formal position

Informal leadership – the unofficial leadership accorded to a person by other members of the organization

Followership – the process of being guided and directed by a leader in the work environment

Definitions Continued“The true measure of leadership is influence-

nothing more, nothing less”, (John Maxwell, 2006, p. 2005).

“Leaders are individuals that, by their actions, facilitate the movement of a group of people toward a common or shared goal or objective”, (House & Podsakoff, 1994, p. 46)

Dr. MooreOthers

Manager Vs LeaderManagement

Reduces uncertaintyStabilizes organizations

LeadershipCreates uncertaintyCreates change

Manager Vs Leader Cont.Management Characteristics

Planning and budgetingOrganizing and staffingControlling and problem solving

Leadership CharacteristicsSetting a direction for the organizationUsing communication to align people with that

directionMotivating people to action through

empowerment and basic need gratification

Basic Leadership Styles• Autocratic Style – the leader uses strong,

directive, controlling actions to enforce the rules, regulations, activities, and relationships; followers have little discretionary influence

• Democratic Style – the leader takes collaborative, reciprocal, interactive actions with followers; followers have high degree of discretionary influence

• Laissez-Faire Style – the leader fails to accept the responsibilities of the position; creates chaos in the work environment

Basic Leadership Behavioral Continuum• Transactional Behavior

– Behavior aimed at defining and organizing work relationships and roles

– Many written or unwritten rules and regulations– Focus on getting work done

• Relational Behavior– behavior aimed at nurturing friendly, warm

working relationships, trust, and respect– Fewer written or unwritten rules and regulations– Focus on employee concern and needs

Transactional

Relational

Basic Leader Decision-Making StylesDecideConsult IndividuallyConsult GroupFacilitateDelegate

Leader Characteristic

s(style, behavior, decision-making, individual traits)

Follower Perceptions/Paradigms

(expectancy, effort, motivation)

Leader Characteristic

s(style, behavior, decision-making, individual traits)

Follower Goals

(satisfaction, commitment,

high-performance,

cohesion)

Follower Perceptions/Paradigms

(expectancy, effort, motivation)

Leader Characteristic

s(style, behavior, decision-making, individual traits)

Follower Goals

(satisfaction, commitment,

high-performance,

cohesion)

Follower Perceptions/Paradigms

(expectancy, effort, motivation)

Follower Characteristics(self-efficacy, needs,

intelligence, conscientiousness, individual traits)

Leader Characteristic

s(style, behavior, decision-making, individual traits)

Follower Goals

(satisfaction, commitment,

high-performance,

cohesion)

Workplace Context

(authority structure, political environment,

resources)

Follower Characteristics(self-efficacy, needs,

intelligence, conscientiousness, individual traits)

Follower Perceptions/Paradigms

(expectancy, effort, motivation)