mgf5020 tutorial 11 week 12
TRANSCRIPT
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MGF5020Semester 2, 2014
Business Ethics in a Global Environment
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Tutorial 11Week 12
REVISION
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YZf0Q-v3u-k
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Our Discussion Today
1. Recap of the Exam Structure
2. Do’s and Don’t’s
3. Theories
4. Cases
5. Practice Part B
6. Questions
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PART A: Choose any 2 questions out of 5
25 Marks each Spend approximately 45
minutes on each E.G.
Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of Moral Decency Principle
Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of Discourse Ethics
Compare and Contrast Kohlberg’s and Gilligan’s model of cognitive development.
GIVE EXAMPLES
Exam Structure
PART B: 1 Question, no choice
50 Marks Spend 90 minutes on this. Carefully read the case study Identify an ethical challenge with
cross-cultural dimensions in this scenario, and provide a literature-justified solution.
3 hours, 50 %, Two Parts, 100 Marks
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Key Question Terms
Analyse: To find the main ideas, how they are related and why they are important.
Compare: To show both the differences and the similarities. Contrast: To compare by showing the differences. Describe: To write a detailed account or verbal picture in a logical
sequence or story form. Discuss: To present arguments for and against a point of view and
reach a conclusion. The arguments must be supported with appropriate evidence.
Tips on answering Part A
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• Possible structure– Introduction: Definition– Body: Weaknesses/ Limitations and
Strengths– Examples– Conclusion
Tips on answering Part A
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• Synopsis of case Main players, What is happening
• Identification of ethical issue What bothers me and Why? Identification of the cross cultural dimensions
• Overview of appropriate theoretical frameworks Main principles which you will be using for your
recommendations Why are you using these frameworks
• Application of frameworks to case• Course of action (practical)
How could issues be resolved (Literature from class)
• Conclusion/Refelction/learning
Tips on answering Part B
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• How to write introduction: • This case discusses the impacts of Shell’s operations in
Nigeria. From the case I have identified ethical implications of these operations on the natural and social systems in Nigeria. These ethical implications have been exacerbated due to impacts of globalisation. In the following sections I will provide the background of the case and explain the ethical concerns. Furthermore I will apply the ethical principle of “post modern ethics” and “ethics of care” to provide a possible solution for the aforementioned concerns.
Tips on answering Part B
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• When Identifying the Ethical Issue– Identify a broader issue: e.g. Corruption– Discuss its global/cross-cultural implications– Identify the specific acts in the case study– Give a rationale: why are these issues
ethical issues?• When giving recommendations
– Use Ethical Principles discussed in class– Explain the recommendations (HOW)– Specific to the case/ ethical concern
Tips on answering Part B
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• Do’s– Writing examples– Underlining/
highlighting key terms– Writing an outline
before starting– Using an essay
format– Defining key
concepts and terms– New Answer new
page
• Don’t’s– Writing in bullet
points– Giving generic
recommendations like government should be responsible.
– Not answering the question
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• Moral development– Kohlberg (Stages, Strengths &
Weaknesses)– Gilligan– Moral Autonomy
> organisational norms > conformity> groupthink> diffusion of responsibility
ETHICAL PRINCIPLES • Consequences– Egoism, Utilitarianism– incommensurability, Subjectivity,
The sacrifice of minorities, Equating lesser evil with greater good
• Justice: • Equality, Liberty, Rawls Justice theory• Distribution of Resources: Laissez-Faire
capitalism, socialism, Rawls’s 2 principles of Justice and Michael Walzer’s 'Spheres of Justice'
• Private and Public Ownership
• Duties and Rights• Deontology/Ethics of duty• Confucian & Kantian• Stakeholder and Shareholder• Rights: Employees
Communities• Human Rights and application to
Businesses
• Systemic Risk: • Donaldson:• Causes: paying for peril normalisation of
questionable behaviour, tech shock• Warning Signs: Experts are few, Innovation is
rapid, Hush prevails , Regulators are weak ,Critics are ignored, Too much is hidden
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• Reaching Agreement• Discourse Ethics• Ideal Discourse• Good conversations• ISCT
ETHICAL PRINCIPLES
• Moral Identity, Virtues and Moral Decency
• Moral Character• What kind of a person I am.• Confucian Virtues• Ethical Leadership
• Empathy, Intuitions, Emotions
• Moral Response: Emotion = natural instinctive state in reaction to circumstances (feelings)
• Intuition = cognitive ability to use adaptive recognition unconsciously, gut feeling
• Hume: Emotions• Haidt:• Rationalist Model versus Social
Intitutionist Model
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• Enron• Jeff Skilling, Andrew Fastow, Arthur
Anderson• Accounting Fraud and Corruption• Unethical Behaviour was
NORMALISED• Conflict of interest, short termism, role
of incentives, driven by Greed• Legal versus Ethical
CASES• A7D• Vandivier, Gretzinger, lawson• Faulty break• Organsaitional norms and
Organisational pressure• Regression of Moral development• Role of the context• Whistleblower
• Ford Pinto• Faulty engine in the car• Use of cost benefit analysis, putting
a $ value on human lives• Failure of Utilitarianism• Profit versus customer safety
• Others:• Walmart: employees, Labour
Wages• New Work Ethic: Relativism• Mental Models: Cultural Relativism
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• Wal-Mart• Human Resource Management policies• Treatment of employees• Discrimination• Kantian Ethics, Stakeholder, Confucian
Ethics, Rights of Employees, Duties of the corporation
CASES• Shell in Nigeria• Impacts of Shells operations on the
Natural environment and community development in Nigeria.
• Pollution, inequality, totalitarian regime, rights violations, externalities
• Justice, Stakeholder, Rights, Ethics of Care
• Moral Identity Decency of Ken Saro Wiwa
• Whistleblowers• Greg Smith, Alwyn Johnson, Jane
Acre
• Sweat Shops debate• Nike, Adidas• Ian Maitland’s Argument• Treatment of employees• Developing country standards
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• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u4l6ArtUlrk
Shell in Nigeria
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Mary Lambert was an employee at Livescribe, a company that
manufactured disk drives for personal computers. She was a plant
manager at the Vietnamese Facility. She came to know that inventory
would be delivered at the Vietnamese facility and repackaged at an off-
site warehouse. One day she was inspecting the plant when she found
some boxes from the inventory which were soon to be send to the
warehouse. When she opened the boxes instead of disks she found they
were filled with scrap material, rubbish and bricks. Upon further
investigation she realised that these boxes of scrap were treated as
viable inventory on company books and that inter company shipments
were counted as sales. These were further entered into the financial
books and used to fabricate profit and drive share prices.
Identify an ethical challenge with cross-cultural dimensions in this
scenario, and provide a literature-justified solution.
Practice Question: Part B
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Thank you!
THE END
GOOD LUCK and KILL IT!!
THANK YOU!