metrorail automation

7/30/2019 Metrorail Automation

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S. K. CHAUDHARY EDUCATIONAL TRUSTs

SHANKARA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

KUKAS, JAIPURDEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

SESSION-(2012-2013)

A MINOR PROJECT REPORT ON

METRORAIL AUTOMATION

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR AWARD OF DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJASTHAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, KOTA (RAJASTHAN)

SUBMITTED TO:- SUBMITTED BY:-

MR.ASHUTOSHMISHRA SHASHANK.S.SINGH(09ESIEC113)

H.O.D VIPIN.K.KHINCHI(09ESIEC127)

(ECE DEPARTMENT) SUNIL.S. GURJAR(09ESIEC120)

DEEPAK THAKUR(09ESIEC026)

(B.TECH 7th SEM)


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IntroductionThis project is designed so that students can understand the technology used in the

nowadays driver less metro train which is used in most of the developed countries

like Germany, France, and Japan etc. These trains are equipped with the CPU,which control the train. The train is programmed for the specific path. Every

station on the path is defined; stoppage timing of the train and distance between

the two stations is predefined.

In this Project

In this project we try to give the same prototype for this type of trains. We are

using microcontroller 8051 as CPU. The motion of the train is controlled by the

Stepper Motor, for displaying message in the train we are using Intelligent LCDDisplay of two lines. The train is designed for three stations, named as Aligarh,

Ghaziabad & New Delhi. The Stoppage time is of 3 Sec and time between two

consecutive stations is 6 sec. There is a LCD display for showing various

messages in the train for passengers. There are indicators, which are used to show

the train direction i.e. up path and down path. Before stopping at station the train

blows the buzzer. It also includes an emergency brake system due to which the

train stops as soon as the brakes are applied and resumes journey when the

emergency situation is over. This paper describes a prototype that has been

developed to demonstrate the concept of integrated gaming and simulation for

incident management. Architecture for the purpose was developed and presented

at the last conference. A hypothetical emergency incident scenario has been

developed for demonstrating the applicability of integrated simulation and

gaming. A number of simulation and gaming modules have been utilized to

model the major aspects of the hypothetical scenario. The modules demonstrate

the value of utilizing simulation for incident management applications. They can

be used to highlight the value of simulation and gaming for training applications

in particular. Two of the simulation modules have been integrated using a

modified implementation of the high-level architecture to give an idea of the

advantages. Technical issues in integration are identified.


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Working:The motion of the train is controlled by the Stepper Motor, for displaying

message in the train we are using Intelligent LCD Display of two lines. The train

is designed for three stations, named as Aligarh, Ghaziabad & New Delhi. The

Stoppage time is of 3 Sec and time between two consecutive stations is 6 sec.

There is a LCD display for showing various messages in the train for passengers.

There are indicators, which are used to show the train direction i.e. Up path and

Down path. Before stopping at station the train blows the buzzer. It also includes

an emergency brake system due to which the train stops as soon as the brakes areapplied and resumes journey when the emergency situation is over. This paper

describes a prototype that has been developed to demonstrate the concept

of integrated gaming and simulation for incident management. Architecture for

the purpose was developed and presented at the last conference. A hypothetical

emergency incident scenario has been developed for demonstrating the

applicability of integrated simulation and gaming. A number of simulation and

gaming modules have been utilized to model the major aspects of the hypothetical

scenario. The modules demonstrate the value of utilizing simulation for incident

management applications. They can be used to highlight the value of simulation

and gaming for training applications in particular. Two of the simulation modules

have been integrated using a modified implementation of the high levelarchitecture to give an idea of the advantages. Technical issues in integration are

identified.


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BLOCK DIAGRAM


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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM


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Components Used for the Project:

COMPONENT QUANTITY

IC 8051 MC(P89V51RD2) 1

IC ULN2003 1

Transformer(9-0-9) 1

Voltage regulator (7805) 1

2 line LCD Display 1

Stepper motor 1

Crystal Oscillator(11.0592 MHz) 1

Switch 2

LEDs 2

Capacitor (33pf,470f,100f) 4

Diode 4

Resistors(220,4.7k,10k) 9

Buzzer 1

Variable resistor 1

16 pin IC base 1

General Purpose PCB 2

40-pin MC base 1

Connecting Wires -


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COMPONENT DESCRIPTION1)MICRO-CONTROLLER 8051DESCRIPTIONThe IC 8051 is a low-power; high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with

4Kbytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM). The IC

8051 provides the following standard features: 4K bytes of Flash, 128 bytes ofRAM, 32 I/O lines, two 16-bit timer/counters, a five vector two-level interrupt

architecture, full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator and clock circuitry.

2) ULN2003:ULN2003 is a high voltage and high current Darlington array IC. It

contains seven open collector darlington pairs with common emitters. Different

versions of this family interface to different logic families. ULN2003 is for 5V TTL,

CMOS logic devices. ULN2003 is also commonly used while driving Stepper

Motors.

Fig:ULN2003

3)VOLAGE REGULATOR:

Figure : 7805 Voltage Regulator

DESCRIPTION

These voltage regulators employ internal current limiting, thermal shutdown, and

safe-area compensation.

4)STEPPER MOTOR:

Figure: 12-Volt 75 Ohm Unipolar Stepper Motor


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GENERAL INFORMATION:A stepper motor system is an electro-mechanical rotary

actuator that convertselectrical pulses into unique shaft rotations. The #27964 is a

Unipolar (4 phase) 12 VDC, 150 mA motor that takes 3.6 degrees perstep.

5) LCD:LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is used in all the electronics projects to display

the status of the process. The reason for choosing LCD over other display

component or devices is that it is

Low cost Easily programmable Large number of display character etc.

6)CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR:A crystal oscillator is an electronic oscillator circuit that

uses the mechanical resonance of a vibrating crystal ofpiezoelectric material tocreate an electrical signal with a very precise frequency.

7)BRIDGE RECTIFIER

Bridge rectifier circuit consists of four diodes arranged in the form of a bridge as

shown in figure.Figure: Bridge rectifier

8)TRANSFORMERTransformer is a major class of coils having two or more windings usually

wrapped around a common core made from laminated iron sheets. It has two cols

named primary and secondary.

Figure No. 1.12: Basic Transformer
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_oscillatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resonancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piezoelectricity#Materialshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piezoelectricity#Materialshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resonancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_oscillator


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Basic Transformers are of two types:

1.Step up transformer

2.Step down transformer

9)DIODE:

The diode is a p-n junction device. Visually the identification of the diode`sterminal can be done by identifying he silver/black line. The silver/black line is the

negative terminal (cathode) and the other terminal is the positive terminal

(cathode).

APPLICATION

Diodes: Rectification, free-wheeling, etc

Zener diode: Voltage control, regulator etc.

Tunnel diode: Control the current flow, snobbier circuit, etc

10)RESISTOR:A resistor is a two-terminal electronic component that produces

a voltage across its terminals that is proportional to the electric current through it

in accordance with Ohm's law:

V = IR

11)CAPACITOR

A capacitor (formerly known as condenser) is a passive electronic

component consisting of a pair of conductors separated by a dielectric (insulator).

Capacitors are widely used in electronic circuits for blocking direct current while

allowing alternating current to pass, in filter networks, for smoothing the outputof power supplies, in the resonant circuits .

12)LED:

The light emitting diode (LED)is a diode that will give off visible light when it is

energized. The process of giving off light by applying an electrical source is called

electroluminescence.

13)BUZZER:A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may

be mechanical, electromechanical, or piezoelectric.Typical uses of buzzers and

beepers include alarm devices, timers and confirmation of user input such as a

mouse click or keystroke.

Fig: Buzzer
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromechanicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piezoelectricityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alarm_deviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alarm_deviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piezoelectricityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromechanicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound


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FUTURE USE

As cities grow in size, the number of vehicular trips on road system goes up.This necessitates a pragmatic policy shift to discourage private modes and

encourage public transport once the level of traffic along any travel corridorin one direction exceeds 20,000 persons per hour.

Mass Rapid Transit Systems are capital intensive and have long gestationperiod. It has been observed that in developed countries, planning for mass

transit system starts when city population size exceeds 1 million; the system

is in position by the time the city population is 2 to 3 million and once the

population exceeds 4 million or so, planned extensions to the Mass Rapid

Transit Systems is vigorously taken up.

In developing countries including India, because of paucity of fundsplanning and implementation of rail based Mass Rapid Transit Systems hasbeen lagging far behind the requirements.

The metro has all the ideal dress-up for an excellent Mass Rapid TransitSystem to be brought in. It has wide roads (roads cover 23% of the city area)

where road possession for construction is not difficult (except in the old city

area).

Implementation will also not involve demolition of large scale privateproperties. Most of the land required is under Government control and hencecan be easily acquired.

The citizens are enlightened and would eagerly welcome introduction ofpeople friendly MRTS though they may initially face some difficulties

during the implementation phase.

For want of an efficient mass transport system, the number of motor vehicleshas increased from 5.4 lakhs in 1981 to 30 (51) lakhs in 1998 (2007) and is

(increasing at the rate of 6.21 per annum).

The result is extreme congestion on roads, ever slowing speeds, increase inroad accidents fuel wastage and environmental pollution with motorizedvehicles alone contributing to about two thirds of the atmospheric pollution.

Today the traffic on roads is a heterogeneous mix of cycles scooters busescars and rickshaws jostling with each other. This has resulted in a chaotic

situation so much so that due to road accidents, the average number of

persons killed per day has increased to 5 and of those injured to 13. The

position is expected to deteriorate further in the years to come.

metrorail automation

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