metro area and state competitiveness report 2004metro area and state competitiveness report / page 4...

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Metro Area and State Competitiveness Report /

Overall Index

Overall Rank

Government & Fiscal Policy Security Infrastructure Human Resources Technology

Business Incubation Openness

Environmental Policy

Massachusetts 7.29 1 39 11 38 4 1 1 7 37

Utah 6.94 2 13 36 3 5 6 3 22 26

Washington 6.81 3 23 21 14 26 8 5 4 15

Minnesota 6.45 4 43 12 1 2 15 23 26 14

Colorado 6.27 5 37 31 5 18 3 8 29 8

Nebraska 6.22 6 22 13 2 6 24 30 41 10

New Hampshire 6.11 7 33 3 48 1 9 4 35 20

Vermont 6.10 8 27 9 39 3 4 46 9 4

Virginia 6.06 9 2 22 21 11 11 7 28 31

Kansas 6.05 10 28 14 7 8 14 32 36 13

North Dakota 5.86 11 14 10 10 12 30 33 44 9

Wyoming 5.69 12 34 27 12 14 39 13 17 6

Wisconsin 5.66 13 40 1 9 16 22 40 32 21

Idaho 5.58 14 36 26 8 29 12 15 37 12

Connecticut 5.57 15 42 4 31 10 5 18 13 43

Oregon 5.57 16 29 20 6 32 19 45 16 5

Iowa 5.57 17 11 29 15 9 23 36 40 19

Delaware 5.43 18 8 23 32 25 20 2 14 47

Maryland 5.29 19 7 38 44 7 2 10 34 46

Missouri 5.21 20 12 32 16 21 28 19 43 28

Texas 5.21 21 24 39 30 45 27 14 2 25

California 5.14 22 48 24 47 33 7 6 3 22

South Dakota 5.13 23 5 17 29 13 41 35 49 1

Michigan 5.08 24 15 25 22 28 18 48 11 27

Georgia 5.08 25 4 37 17 36 35 11 24 32

North Carolina 5.06 26 20 30 18 38 21 12 31 35

Alaska 5.01 27 45 35 11 39 38 50 1 11

Montana 4.92 28 31 16 27 31 29 20 50 2

Florida 4.81 29 21 33 20 34 44 9 15 40

Pennsylvania 4.79 30 19 18 24 23 16 25 42 45

Rhode Island 4.72 31 46 8 37 17 10 47 25 23

Arizona 4.60 32 10 50 26 35 32 22 10 30

New Mexico 4.50 33 18 45 40 44 13 27 30 3

New York 4.43 34 50 15 50 22 17 31 5 29

Oklahoma 4.42 35 32 40 13 42 37 16 47 17

Maine 4.36 36 44 6 42 19 47 42 39 7

Nevada 4.33 37 17 48 4 37 50 24 19 41

Kentucky 4.31 38 30 7 25 40 45 41 23 36

Illinois 4.22 39 35 41 43 30 25 34 12 38

South Carolina 4.15 40 1 47 28 43 42 28 20 33

Tennessee 4.13 41 9 43 19 41 43 21 33 42

Indiana 4.12 42 3 28 36 27 34 38 21 49

Ohio 3.92 43 38 19 23 24 33 44 27 48

New Jersey 3.84 44 49 5 49 20 26 17 6 50

Arkansas 3.69 45 6 34 45 48 49 26 46 18

Hawaii 3.67 46 47 44 35 15 36 49 18 16

Alabama 3.66 47 16 46 33 46 31 39 38 34

West Virginia 3.58 48 25 2 34 47 46 43 45 44

Louisiana 3.16 49 41 49 41 49 40 29 8 39

Mississippi 2.93 50 26 42 46 50 48 37 48 24

Overall index and rank in 2004 Subindexes, rank in 2004

State Report 2004

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Metro Area Report 2004

Overall IndexOverall Rank

Government & Fiscal Policy Security Infrastructure

Human Resources Technology

Business Incubation Openness

Environmental Policy

Seattle 7.80 1 28 22 28 9 5 1 1 6

Raleigh 6.91 2 2 18 13 30 2 27 25 18

Portland 6.81 3 17 11 8 16 21 26 11 5

Boston 6.77 4 37 3 45 4 1 5 14 33

Denver 6.59 5 31 20 6 14 9 6 37 10

Minneapolis-St. Paul 6.53 6 29 8 9 1 28 23 24 4

Austin 6.21 7 14 14 43 28 4 24 7 17

Salt Lake City 6.19 8 24 27 3 2 7 3 32 50

San Francisco 6.03 9 46 15 49 6 8 2 6 9

Kansas City 5.85 10 11 25 10 7 12 32 47 12

Atlanta 5.79 11 9 26 12 38 18 12 21 20

San Antonio 5.58 12 14 43 19 46 33 22 8 1

Dallas 5.37 13 12 40 33 45 15 20 5 27

San Diego 5.35 14 43 7 46 10 10 4 9 36

Grand Rapids 5.32 15 13 10 16 11 36 45 18 15

Orlando 5.30 16 21 21 4 24 45 10 28 21

Richmond 5.28 17 6 24 26 21 30 16 46 31

Providence 5.27 18 42 13 39 26 14 25 20 8

Greensboro 5.26 19 5 16 5 43 35 35 39 26

Hartford 5.20 20 34 6 23 15 11 34 19 37

Charlotte 5.18 21 1 35 2 44 27 39 31 29

Washington 5.05 22 18 33 47 5 6 15 38 28

Nashville 4.96 23 4 32 25 35 41 29 35 24

Albany 4.90 24 49 2 11 3 32 36 41 38

Milwaukee 4.90 25 30 28 17 22 19 43 33 13

Rochester 4.90 26 48 17 30 8 3 31 34 22

Norfolk 4.80 27 7 34 29 27 38 28 45 19

Jacksonville 4.71 28 21 42 24 37 46 13 44 2

Las Vegas 4.59 29 27 41 1 42 50 17 26 11

Phoenix 4.58 30 10 44 31 34 39 19 16 45

Sacramento 4.57 31 44 23 42 13 23 9 13 16

Miami 4.56 32 35 48 37 50 49 7 3 3

Houston 4.53 33 26 45 40 48 31 18 2 34

Cleveland 4.49 34 33 1 34 32 40 37 22 44

Oklahoma City 4.41 35 16 46 14 40 42 41 50 7

Indianapolis 4.39 36 3 39 27 31 37 47 27 39

Louisville 4.36 37 25 31 21 25 44 50 29 41

Columbus 4.25 38 19 37 22 17 13 40 22 48

Tampa 4.21 39 35 30 18 19 47 11 36 47

Pittsburgh 4.20 40 38 9 35 18 17 42 49 43

St. Louis 4.19 41 20 38 32 20 25 46 48 25

Detroit 4.11 42 32 29 38 36 24 38 17 40

Buffalo 4.08 43 50 5 20 12 26 49 40 23

Los Angeles 4.04 44 45 36 48 41 16 8 4 30

Philadelphia 4.03 45 41 12 44 29 22 21 42 35

Cincinnati 3.96 46 23 19 7 23 34 44 30 49

New York 3.72 47 47 4 50 33 20 14 10 42

Memphis 3.39 48 8 50 15 47 48 30 43 46

New Orleans 3.37 49 40 47 36 49 43 48 12 14

Chicago 3.17 50 39 49 41 39 29 33 15 32

Subindexes, rank in 2004

Overall index and rank in 2004

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From the Executive Director

From the Executive Director

The Beacon Hill Institute at Suffolk University is pleased to release the 4th

edition of its Metro Area and State Competitiveness Report. This year’s reportcontains some slight modifications from previous years’ editions. Like anygood index, such as the Dow Jones Industrial or others, the BHICompetitiveness Indexes must adapt to a changing business environment.

As economies grow and change, so must the parameters that strive to measurethem. To this end, BHI has added new variables to the index and discontinuedthe use of others. In some cases, the discontinued variables are no longerbeing published, but in most cases the discovery of a better variableprecipitated the removal of the older one. We believe these minormodifications serve to advance the usefulness of the indexes.

At the state level, Massachusetts moved up one position to claim the top spot,displacing last year’s number one, Delaware. All of the states in the top ten,with the exception of Vermont, improved their position over last year. Thebiggest improvement among the states in the top ten belonged to Nebraska,which improved its ranking from 15th to 6th. The state with the largestimprovement in the entire index is North Dakota, which moved up seventeenpositions from 28th to 11th. The state with the dubious distinction of having thebiggest drop in the ranking is New Jersey, it moved down eighteen places from26th to 44th.

At the metro area level, the top ten remains very stable, with Kansas City beingthe only metro area not ranked in the top ten last year. Seattle retains itsposition at number one, which it held in the two previous indexes. The metroareas of Raleigh and Portland round out the top three in the index, moving upfour and six places respectively. Dallas gains the right to the biggestimprovement title, moving from 45th to 13th. Several metro areas dropped overtwenty positions including Indianapolis, Pittsburgh, St. Louis, Cincinnati andChicago.

The institute would like to thank authors Jonathan Haughton and Cagdas Sirinfor their work on this year’s edition. We hope that the Report will continue tobe a topic of discussion for lawmakers, voters and academics in metro areasand states across the country.

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Metro Area and State Competitiveness Report / Metro Area and State Competitiveness Report / Page 5

Table of ContentsFrom the Executive Director ....................................................................................................................................................................... 4

Defining Metro and State Competitiveness ............................................................................................................................................... 7

What is Competitiveness? .................................................................................................................................................................... 7

Quantifying Competitiveness .............................................................................................................................................................. 8

Is the competitiveness index useful? ................................................................................................................................................ 10

Putting the competitiveness index to work ..................................................................................................................................... 10

Other studies ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 11

Why cities? ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 12

What’s next? ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 12

How to read the index pages ..................................................................................................................................................................... 16

State Indexes ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 17

Alabama ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 18

Alaska .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 19

Arizona .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 20

Arkansas ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 21

California .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 22

Colorado ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 23

Connecticut .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 24

Delaware ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 25

Florida ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 26

Georgia .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 27

Hawaii .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 28

Idaho ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 29

Illinois .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 30

Indiana .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 31

Iowa ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 32

Kansas ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 33

Kentucky ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 34

Louisiana ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 35

Maine ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 36

Maryland ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 37

Massachusetts ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 38

Michigan ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 39

Minnesota ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 40

Mississippi ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 41

Missouri ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 42

Montana ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 43

Nebraska ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 44

Nevada .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 45

New Hampshire ................................................................................................................................................................................... 46

New Jersey ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 47

New Mexico ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 48

New York .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 49

North Carolina ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 50

North Dakota ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 51

Ohio ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 52

Oklahoma ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 53

Oregon .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 54

Pennsyvlania ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 55

Rhode Island ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 56

South Carolina ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 57

South Dakota ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 58

Tennessee .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 59

Texas ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 60

Utah ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 61

Vermont ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 62

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Virginia .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 63

Washington ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 64

West Virginia ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 65

Wisconsin ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 66

Wyoming ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 67

Metro Area Indexes ................................................................................................................................................................................... 68

Albany ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 69

Atlanta ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 70

Austin .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 71

Boston ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 72

Buffalo ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 73

Charlotte ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 74

Chicago ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 75

Cincinnati .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 76

Cleveland .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 77

Columbus .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 78

Dallas ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 79

Denver ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 80

Detroit ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 81

Grand Rapids ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 82

Greensboro .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 83

Hartford ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 84

Houston ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 85

Indianapolis .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 86

Jacksonville ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 87

Kansas City ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 88

Las Vegas .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 89

Los Angeles .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 90

Louisville ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 91

Memphis ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 92

Miami ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 93

Milwaukee ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 94

Minneapolis .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 95

Nashville ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 96

New Orleans ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 97

New York .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 98

Norfolk ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 99

Oklahoma City ................................................................................................................................................................................... 100

Orlando ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 101

Philadelphia ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 102

Phoenix ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 103

Pittsburgh ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 104

Portland ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 105

Providence .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 106

Raleigh ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 107

Richmond ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 108

Rochester ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 109

Sacramento ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 110

Salt Lake City ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 111

San Antonio ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 112

San Diego ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 113

San Francisco ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 114

Seattle .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 115

St Louis ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 116

Tampa .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 117

Washington ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 118

About the Authors ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 119

Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 119

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Defining M

etro Area and State C

ompetitiveness

Defining Metro and State Competitiveness

Introducing the indexes

How does one geographic area, such as a state or metropoli-

tan area, create more economic activity, and hence more in-

come for its citizens, than other areas? What special charac-

teristics or attributes lead to generating this higher income?

BHI’s Metro Area and State Competitiveness Report attempts

to identify the qualities that allow some areas to excel in in-

come generation and the qualities that prohibit other areas

from attaining the same level of competitiveness. During this

endeavor questions arise: How can these qualities be mea-

sured? What standard should be used to determine whether a

state or metro area is competitive or not? Indeed, why is it

even interesting to measure competitiveness?

The State and Metro Area Competitive Indexes constantly use

these questions as guideposts in compiling and estimating its

measures of competitiveness. The indexes are designed to

measure the long-term competitiveness of an area, and use a

similar approach to the one taken in BHI’s earlier studies of

state competitiveness (State Competitiveness Report 2001, 2002,

2003) and metropolitan competitiveness (State and Metropolitan

Competitiveness Report 2002, 2003). This year marks the fourth

year of the report which includes minor revisions and addi-

tions to the indexes.

At the state level, Massachusetts moves up from second to

first and is followed by Utah and Washington (Table 1). Four

states, Colorado, Nebraska, Virginia and Kansas, enter the top

ten, ranking 5th, 6th, 9th and 10th respectively. Nebraska is a

first-time entrant into the top ten.

At the metro level, Seattle retains the top spot for the third

year in a row (Table 2). Raleigh jumps four places to reach the

second spot and Portland moves up six places to rank third.

The rest of the top ten are metro areas that were ranked in the

top ten in 2003, with the exception of Kansas City which traded

places with formerly tenth ranked Atlanta.

What is Competitiveness?

We consider a state or a metropolitan area to be competi-

tive if it has in place the policies and conditions that ensure

and sustain a high level of per capita income and its con-

tinued growth. To achieve this, a state or metropolitan area

needs to be able both to attract and incubate new busi-

nesses, and to provide an environment that is conducive to

the growth of existing firms.

The Metro Area and State Competitiveness Report 2004

Index

2 0 0 4 2 0 0 4 2 0 0 3 2 0 0 2 1 9 9 5Massachusetts 7.29 1 2 2 1Utah 6.94 2 4 1 3 9Washington 6.81 3 5 3 8Minnesota 6.45 4 7 9 1 1Colorado 6.27 5 1 1 4 3Nebraska 6.22 6 1 5 1 7 1 3New Hampshire 6.11 7 8 8 5Vermont 6.10 8 6 7 6Virginia 6.06 9 1 2 1 5 1 0Kansas 6.05 1 0 1 7 1 4 2 0North Dakota 5.86 1 1 2 8 1 8 1 8Wyoming 5.69 1 2 3 6 4Wisconsin 5.66 1 3 2 0 2 5 1 7Idaho 5.58 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 9Connecticut 5.57 1 5 9 5 7Oregon 5.57 1 6 1 3 1 0 1 6Iowa 5.57 1 7 1 6 1 2 2 4Delaware 5.43 1 8 1 1 2Maryland 5.29 1 9 1 8 1 9 2 3Missouri 5.21 2 0 2 4 2 0 2 2Texas 5.21 2 1 3 2 2 8 2 6California 5.14 2 2 1 9 1 6 1 5South Dakota 5.13 2 3 1 0 2 3 1 4Michigan 5.08 2 4 2 3 3 0 2 9Georgia 5.08 2 5 3 4 4 0 3 5North Carolina 5.06 2 6 3 3 3 5 2 5Alaska 5.01 2 7 2 5 3 4 1 2Montana 4.92 2 8 2 1 3 1 2 8Florida 4.81 2 9 3 6 3 9 3 1Pennsylvania 4.79 3 0 2 9 2 7 3 8Rhode Island 4.72 3 1 2 2 2 9 2 1Arizona 4.60 3 2 4 4 4 2 4 2New Mexico 4.50 3 3 3 7 4 1 4 3New York 4.43 3 4 3 1 3 2 3 9Oklahoma 4.42 3 5 4 2 4 4 4 5Maine 4.36 3 6 2 7 2 4 2 7Nevada 4.33 3 7 4 6 4 6 4 9Kentucky 4.31 3 8 3 5 3 7 3 6Illinois 4.22 3 9 4 0 3 3 3 3South Carolina 4.15 4 0 4 1 3 8 4 0Tennessee 4.13 4 1 3 9 2 2 3 4Indiana 4.12 4 2 3 0 2 0 3 0Ohio 3.92 4 3 3 8 3 6 3 2New Jersey 3.84 4 4 2 6 2 6 3 7Arkansas 3.69 4 5 4 7 4 9 4 7Hawaii 3.67 4 6 4 8 4 5 4 4Alabama 3.66 4 7 4 3 4 2 4 1West Virginia 3.58 4 8 4 9 4 8 4 8Louisiana 3.16 4 9 4 5 4 7 4 6Mississippi 2.93 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0

Rank in

State Competitiveness IndexTable 1

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Competitiveness may be thought of as a catchall term

that covers what Michael Porter calls “the microeconomic

foundations of prosperity.” The states and metropoli-

tan areas of the United States all face the same macro-

economic conditions; where they differ is in their

microeconomic policies. These policies matter. As Por-

ter puts it, “wealth is actually created at the

microeconomic level … - in the ability of firms to create

valuable goods and services using productive methods.”1

Metropolitan Competitiveness Index

Index

2004 2004 2003 2002

Seattle WA 7.80 1 1 1

Raleigh NC 6.91 2 6 7

Portland OR 6.81 3 9 9

Boston MA 6.77 4 4 3

Denver CO 6.59 5 5 4

Minneapolis-St. Paul MN 6.53 6 3 5

Austin TX 6.21 7 7 6

Salt Lake City UT 6.19 8 8 10

San Francisco CA 6.03 9 2 2

Kansas City KS-MO 5.85 10 11 8

Atlanta GA 5.79 11 10 12

San Antonio TX 5.58 12 38 38

Dallas TX 5.37 13 45 26

San Diego CA 5.35 14 34 25

Grand Rapids MI 5.32 15 14 14

Orlando FL 5.30 16 23 33

Richmond VA 5.28 17 16 16

Providence RI 5.27 18 21 21

Greensboro NC 5.26 19 24 20

Hartford CT 5.20 20 31 15

Charlotte NC 5.18 21 12 19

Washington DC 5.05 22 13 11

Nashville TN 4.96 23 37 45

Albany NY 4.90 24 - -

Milwaukee WI 4.90 25 26 22

Rochester NY 4.90 26 46 41

Norfolk VA 4.80 27 25 32

Jacksonville FL 4.71 28 39 46

Las Vegas NV 4.59 29 28 35

Phoenix AZ 4.58 30 32 28

Sacramento CA 4.57 31 41 42

Miami FL 4.56 32 43 34

Houston TX 4.53 33 27 27

Cleveland OH 4.49 34 40 40

Oklahoma City OK 4.41 35 35 39

Indianapolis IN 4.39 36 15 17

Louisville KY 4.36 37 29 24

Columbus OH 4.25 38 33 31

Tampa FL 4.21 39 36 44

Pittsburgh PA 4.20 40 19 23

St. Louis MO 4.19 41 18 13

Detroit MI 4.11 42 30 36

Buffalo NY 4.08 43 48 49

Los Angeles CA 4.04 44 47 47

Philadelphia PA 4.03 45 44 43

Cincinnati OH 3.96 46 17 18

New York NY 3.72 47 42 37

Memphis TN 3.39 48 49 48

New Orleans LA 3.37 49 50 50

Chicago IL 3.17 50 22 29

Table 2

Rank in

It follows that the outcome of competitiveness is greater

affluence, measured by higher levels of real Gross State

(or Metropolitan) Product or personal income per capita.

Quantifying Competitiveness

To be useful as a concept, it is essential to have an opera-

tional measure of competitiveness, a measure that aggre-

gates the key microeconomic variables into a single in-

dex. The World Economic Forum does this for the coun-

tries of the world in its influential annual Global Competi-

tiveness Report, but there is no equivalent at the level of

state or metropolitan areas of the U.S. (although some

more specialized rankings of the states and metropolitan

areas have been developed; we discuss these in more de-

tail below).

In thinking about how to create an index of competitive-

ness, we begin with the simple economic relation:

Y = f (K,L,technology).

This says that output (Y) depends on the amount of capital

(K), labor (L) and technology that is harnessed by the

economy.2 Not surprisingly, more inputs lead to more

output. But what raises input levels? And why do some

urban areas or states mix the ingredients more success-

fully than others?

To answer these questions we need to focus on the qual-

ity of the business environment. Using his celebrated

“diamond,” Porter finds it helpful to group the influences

into four components: the quality of available inputs, the

sophistication of local demand, the nature of local sup-

pliers and the extent to which they form clusters, and the

rules and institutions that govern the market.3 These are

still very broad categories and so, following the Porter-

inspired Global Competitiveness Report, we actually classify

our indicators into eight groups. The breakdown is as

follows:

Government and fiscal policies. Businesses are more likely to

be attracted to areas with moderate tax rates and clear

evidence of financial discipline (as evidenced, for in-

stance, by high state and municipal bond ratings and


Defining M


ompetitiveness

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Ibudget surpluses). This subindex is designed to pick up

these effects.

Security. A state or metropolitan area will be more attractive

to business if public officials are trusted, and if crime is

low. The security subindex addresses these dimensions

of competitiveness, with particular emphasis on the im-

portance of public safety.

Infrastructure. How easy is commuting? Do most households

have access to high-speed broadband? Is housing af-

fordable? How affordable is energy? These are the ele-

ments of competitiveness that are included in the infra-

structure subindex for each state or metropolitan area.

Human resources. A high level of labor force participation,

and skilled labor that is readily available and not too

expensive, combined with a widespread commitment

to education, training and health care, make a state or

metropolitan area attractive for business. These factors

are captured in the human resources subindex.

Technology. The development and application of technology

is central to economic development, and has been ever

since the industrial revolution. The technology subin-

dex measures this by taking into account research fund-

ing, patents issued, the proportion of scientists and en-

gineers in the labor force, and the importance of high

tech companies.

Business incubation. A good idea is not enough; businesses

also need to be able to mobilize financing for invest-

ment, both internally and from the financial system. A

higher rate of business births is a particularly clear sign

of a competitive environment, and is an important com-

ponent of the business incubation subindex.

Openness. Open economies tend to be more competitive and

hence more productive. The openness subindex mea-

sures how connected the firms and people in a state or

metropolitan area are with the rest of the world. It is

based on the level of exports, as well as the percent of

the population born abroad.

Environmental Policy. States or metropolitan areas that

are faced with environmental problems, or that have

a heavy-handed policy of environmental regulation,

are likely to be less attractive to businesses as well

as to their workers and managers; we measure this

effect with the environmental policy subindex,

which among other things reflects the levels of air

pollution and of toxic releases.

A complete list of the components of the competitive-

ness indexes are given in Table A1 (for states) and Table

A2 (for metropolitan areas) at the end of this section

of the report. We have used the most recent data avail-

Technical note 1:

Creating the indexes

Given the raw data series for each

metropolitan area or state, several steps were

needed in order to construct the

competitiveness index.

1. First, each variable was normalized to

give it a mean of 5, a standard deviation

of 1, and a range from 0 (worst) to 10

(best).

2. Then the nine subindexes were formed as

the simple averages of the normalized

component variables.

3. Next, the subindexes themselves were

normalized, again giving a mean of 5 and

standard deviation of 1 to each. These

are presented at the beginning of this

report.

4. Finally, the overall index of state and

metro area competitiveness is the simple

average of the eight subindexes, again

normalizing it so it has a mean of 5 and

standard deviation of 1.

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I able; due to time lags, most of the series refer to 2002,

2003 or 2004.

The eight categories are coherent, but there is inevitably

some degree of arbitrariness in the way in which indi-

vidual data series are assigned to the subindexes. For

instance, the amount of air travel could be included in

the infrastructure subindex or the measure of openness;

and electricity prices could be included in the infrastruc-

ture subindex or the environmental subindex. In prac-

tice the assignment of the data series is much less impor-

tant than the fact that they are included at all.

A competitiveness index is simply a summary measure

based on a large number of variables. The difficult, and

controversial, part is choosing a weighting scheme. Our

approach is the simplest and most transparent: within

each subindex, each variable carries equal weight. Then

each subindex is given the same weight when construct-

ing the overall index. This has been referred to as a

“democratic” weighting structure, but it is of course ar-

bitrary (although reasonable).

Is the competitiveness index useful?

Do the indexes of state competitiveness explain afflu-

ence and growth? If the index is properly constructed,

then it should help explain why some areas are affluent

and others are not. In our experiment we estimate the

following equation:

This equation has an R2 of 0.35. The coefficient on the

Index variable is significant at the .05 level and indicates

that if a state gains a point in the index, it will also gain

$877 in real per capita income. Competitiveness really

does matter.

Real PI per capitat = constant + index + real PI per capitat-1

Real PI per capitat = 10176 + 877 index +.499 real PI per capitat-1

t = 2.6 t = 2.1 t = 3.47

Putting the competitiveness index to work

What do we learn from this exercise? Naturally it is inter-

esting to look at the raw rankings (Tables 1 and 2), but this

may not be the most important use of the information.

The detailed data, both in individual variables and the subin-

dexes, allow one to identify the determinants of competi-

tiveness. This is of value to policy makers, who are then in

a better position to identify what needs to be done in order

to improve the position of their states or metropolitan ar-

eas.

The logic behind this is that a higher competitiveness indi-

cator index is associated with greater affluence. A reason-

able inference is that if one were to improve competitive-

ness, then residents of the state would be better off. And

the greatest upside potential is for the indicators whose

performance is currently weak. For instance, a low-crime

state may have trouble reducing the crime rate further, while

for a high-crime state, efforts to reduce crime are likely to

be an efficient way to boost competitiveness.

To illustrate, consider the case of Tennessee, which ranks

41st with a competitiveness indicator index of 4.13, or al-

most a point below the average. Tennessee excels in the

government and fiscal policy subindex with a rank of ninth.

It achieves this by virtue of its lower than average tax bur-

den, workers’ compensation premium rates and average first

payment for unemployment.

Its overall index score is hurt by poor performances in the

security, human resources, technology and environmental

policy subindexes. Though these are the areas of greatest

deficiency for Tennessee, they also mark the areas with the

greatest potential. For example, if Tennessee can institute

measures that would raise their security and technology

variables to the national average, it could raise its overall

index to 4.81 and in the process raise its real per capita

personal income by almost $600. The competitive index

and its subindexes are powerful tools policymakers can use

to improve their areas’ affluence.

To make it easier to identify the strengths and weaknesses

of each state and metropolitan area, a subsequent section

of this report sets out the relevant details for each area.

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Other studies

We are not the first to develop a set of statewide indexes, but

we are the first to create a broad-based index of competitive-

ness, to design and present it in a way that policy makers will

find useful, and to re-estimate the indexes annually.

States

The Progressive Policy Institute has created a State New Economy

Index, which aims to measure the “New Economy.” The au-

thors define the new economy as “a knowledge and idea-based

economy where the keys to wealth and job creation are the

extent to which ideas, innovation, and technology are embed-

ded in all sectors of the economy.”4 They identify 21 indica-

tors, grouped into five categories. The index ranges from 40.7

(West Virginia) to 90.0 (Massachusetts). Although we include

a number of technology-related variables in our own index,

we also believe that there is much more to competitiveness –

and hence to achieving and maintaining affluence – than tech-

nology alone. This is why our index is based on almost three

times as many variables, and so has greater breadth.

Conceived in a similar spirit is the Index of the Massachusetts

Innovation Economy, published by the Massachusetts Technol-

ogy Collaborative in December 2003.5 The report compares

Massachusetts with six other “leading technology states” (CA,

CO, CT, MN, NJ and NY), as well as presenting a wealth of

information on the state itself. Most of the emphasis is on the

state’s “knowledge-based innovation economy.” To do this it

focuses on 9 key industry clusters, which together cover 25%

of non-government jobs in Massachusetts. Interestingly

enough, these key sectors are growing no faster than the rest

of the state economy. In our view it is preferable to consider

the economy as a whole – which is what our index does –

rather than just a fashionable quarter of it.

John Byars, Robert McCormick and Bruce Yandle of Clemson

University have created an Index of Economic Freedom for the

states of the U.S. They define economic freedom as “the right

of individuals to pursue their own interests through voluntary

exchange under a rule of law.”6 They sift through 145 indica-

tors, assigning them to deciles from 1 (most free) to 10 (least

free). After experimenting with 47 different indexes, they

choose the one that best explains state growth in income per

capita, net in-migration, and growth in manufacturing value

added. After creating five subindexes, they assign weights

to these using the technique of principal components, and

apply these weights to create the overall index. By this

measure, Idaho has the greatest amount of economic free-

dom (an index of 3.9) while New York has the least (index

= 7.9).

Their report argues that greater economic freedom should

be associated with faster economic growth, and their econo-

metric results suggest that this is probably the case,7 al-

though their index may be more valuable as a summary

measure of freedoms that have value in their own right,

rather than as a predictor of growth or well being.

We do agree that economic freedom is important, and our

index of competitiveness includes some indicators, such as

the share of state and local tax collections per capita in

income per capita, that measure the weight of government

quite well. However, we believe that other factors are also

important to competitiveness, even if they are not easy to

place on a scale of economic freedom; these include such

variables as the time that is required to travel to work, the

availability of venture capital, and the importance to the

economy of high-tech firms. The Heritage Foundation has

also created an influential and widely-cited Index of Eco-

nomic Freedom, but it is constructed for the countries of

the world rather than for the states of the U.S.8

Metropolitan areas

Robert Atkinson of the Progressive Policy Institute and

Paul Gottlieb of the Center for Regional Economic Issues

have created a Metropolitan New Economy Index, which uses

sixteen economic indicators “to assess the 50 largest met-

ropolitan areas’ progress as they adapt to the new economic

order.”9 They view the characteristics of the New Economy

as an altered industrial and occupational order, greater glo-

balization, and “unprecedented levels of entrepreneurial

dynamism and competition.”10 Their measures emphasize

education, information flows, the growth of new firms, and

technology.

We include many similar variables in our index. However,

we also believe that there are other important dimensions

to competitiveness – and hence to achieving and maintain-

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State Competitiveness Report/Page 10Metro Area and State Competitiveness Report /

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environmental issues. This is why our index is based on

a wider set of variables.

POLICOM Corporation annually measures and ranks the

“Economic Strength” of the metropolitan areas for the

purpose of studying the characteristics of strong and weak

economies. Economic strength is a combination of both

the rate of growth and the consistency of the growth.

Simplistically, the formula is “Growth - Instability =

Strength.”

They have data for the 15-year term from 1976 through

1990 and the 10-year term from 1991 through 2000. They

include eighteen categories. Their methodology is as fol-

lows, the average deviation from previous year (DEV) and

the average annual increase (AAI) were calculated for each

category for each time period. The DEV was subtracted

from the AAI to create a strength factor for each cat-

egory. Each category was adjusted to give each equal

weight. The data for both the 15-year and 10-year terms

were totaled for each of the categories. In their ranking

among 318 MSAs Boston is ranked 38, while Austin is

first for 2002.

In a somewhat different spirit, Money magazine publishes

an annual survey of the “best places to live” in the United

States. Using 31 variables (including seven related to cli-

mate), the magazine’s web site allows readers to express

their preferences and then find the place that best suits

their needs, from a list of over 400 towns and cities. The

survey is not, however, designed to measure competitive-

ness per se.

Why cities?

In addition to reporting competitiveness indexes for all

50 states, this study gives the results for the 50 largest

consolidated metropolitan statistical areas (CMSAs). Col-

lectively they include 58% of the U.S. population, and re-

flect the fact that the country is overwhelmingly urban

and suburban rather than rural. Metropolitan statistical

areas are very coherent economic units – they have com-

mon labor markets, commuter pools, and newspaper read-

ership, indeed all the features that make up a natural geo-

graphical hinterland. In many respects it makes more sense

to consider Philadelphia and Pittsburgh as separate eco-

nomic units, than it does to consider Pennsylvania as a single

entity.

One alternative would have been to focus only on the cen-

tral cities in each urban area. The disadvantage of this is

that the central cities are often quite small, and unrepre-

sentative of the greater urban area. For instance, the popu-

lation of the city of Boston, at 555,000, is less than one

tenth of the population of the CMSA, which came to 5.8

million in 2000. It is not clear how helpful it would be to

compare the city of Boston, dense and highly urbanized,

with the city of Houston, which constitutes 89% of its

metropolitan area and includes extensive suburbs.

What is next?

We invite you to pore over the detailed results on the fol-

lowing pages. For each metropolitan area and state we set

out the main competitive strengths and weaknesses. We

welcome suggestions for ways in which we might improve

our search for answers to that deceptively simple question:

how competitive is the Boston area (or Massachusetts, or

the Bay area, or greater New York, or Houston, or …)?

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Table A1 Components of subindexes for states Sub index Competitiveness indicators index Government and fiscal policy

State and local taxes per capita /income per capita (-)** Workers’ compensation premium rates (-)** Bond rating (composite of S&P’s and Moody’s, scale 1-25) (+) Budget surplus as a percent of gross state product (+) Average benefit per first payment for unemployed (-)* * Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents (-)**

Security Reported crime per 100,000 inhabitants (-) Percent change in crime index, 2001-2002 (-) Murders per 100,000 inhabitants (-) The BGA Integrity Index (+)**

Infrastructure Percent of households with installed phones (+) High-speed broadband lines per 1,000 residents (+)** Air passengers per capita (+) Travel time to work (-) Electricity prices per million BTU (-) Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment (-)

Human resources

Percent of population without health insurance (-) Percent of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high school (+) Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted (-) Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting institutions per 1,000 residents(+) Percent of adults in the labor force (+) Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births (-) Non-federal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants (+) Percentage of students at or above Proficient in mathematics, grade 4 public schools (+)**

Technology Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP (+) NIH support to institutions in the state, per capita (+) Patents per 100,000 inhabitants (+) Science and engineering graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants (+) Science and engineering degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants (+) Scientists and engineers as percent of labor force (+) Percentage of total wage and salary jobs in high technology industries(+)**

Business incubation

Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions) per capita (+) Venture capital investment per capita (+) Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants (+) IPO (A weighted measure of the value and number of initial public stock offerings of companies as a share of gross state product) (+)* * Percent of labor force that is represented by unions (-) Minimum wage (-)**

Openness Exports per capita, $ (+) Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, $ (+) Percent of population born abroad (+)

Environmental policy

Toxic release inventory, on-site and off-site, total (new and original industries), pounds/1,000 sq. miles (-) Greenhouse gas emissions (metric tons of carbon equivalent (MTCE) per 1,000 sq. miles) (-)**

* New variable in the index

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Table A2 Components of subindexes for metro areas Sub index Competitiveness indicators index Government and fiscal policy

State and local taxes per capita /income per capita, state level (-) * * Workers’ compensation premium rates, state level (-)** Bond rating of main cities and counties(composite of S&P’s and Moody’s, scale 1-25) (+) Bond rating of state (composite of S&P’s and Moody’s, scale 1-25) (+) Average benefit per first payment for unemployed, state level (-)

Security Violent crimes per 100,000 inhabitants (-) Percent change in crime index, 2001-2002 (-) Thefts per 100,000 inhabitants (-) Murders per 100,000 inhabitants (-)

Infrastructure High-speed broadband lines per 1,000 residents, state level (+)** Travel time to work (-) Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment (-) Air passengers per capita (+) Electricity prices per million BTU, state level (-)

Human resources

Percent of population without health insurance (-) Percent of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high school (+)** Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted (-) Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting institutions per 1,000 residents, state level (+) Percent of adults in the labor force (+) Infant mortality rate in deaths per 1,000 live births, state level (-) Non-federal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants, state level (+)

Technology Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP, state level (+) NIH support to institutions, per capita (+) Patents per 100,000 inhabitants (+) Science and engineering graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants, state level (+) Scientists and engineers as % of labor force (+) High-tech payroll as percent of total payroll (+)

Business Incubation

Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions) per capita (+) Venture capital investment per capita, state level (+) Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants, state level (+) Entrepreneurial Activity Index (+)* * Forbes Cost of Doing Business Index (-)** New publicly traded companies, state level (+)* * Percent of labor force that is represented by unions (-)

Openness Exports per capita, state level $ (+) Percent of population born abroad (+)

Environmental policy

Toxic release inventory, on-site and off-site, total (new and original industries), pounds/1,000 sq. miles (-) Pollution standards index (-)* * Serious pollution days per annum (-) * *

* New variable in the index

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(Endnotes)

1 Michael Porter, “The Current Competitiveness Index:

Measuring the Microeconomic Foundations of

Prosperity,” in World Economic Forum, The Global

Competitiveness Report 2000, (Oxford University Press: New

York, 2000).

2 By dividing across by the population, this equation may

also be expressed in per capita terms; output per capita is

a standard measure of affluence.

3 Michael E. Porter, The Competitive Advantage of Nations,

(New York: Free Press, 1990).

4 Robert Atkinson, Randolph Court and Joseph Ward,

The State New Economy Index, (Progressive Policy Institute,

July 1999), 3.

5Patricia Flynn et al., Index of the Massachusetts Innovation

Economy 2003, (Westborough, MA: Massachusetts

Technology Collaborative, 2003).

6 See John Byars, Robert McCormick and Bruce Yandle,

Economic Freedom in America’s 50 States: A 1999 Analysis,

Clemson University, March 1999.

7 However, a regression of average annual growth in

personal income against the index (and some additional

variables) finds that the index does not have a statistically

significant effect.

8 See William Beach and Gerald O’Driscoll Jr.,

“Methodology: Factors of the Index of Economic Freedom,”

in 2001 Index of Economic Freedom, Heritage Foundation,

Washington DC, 2001.

9 Robert Atkinson and Paul Gottlieb, The Metropolitan New

Economy Index, (Progressive Policy Institute and Center

for Regional Economic Issues, 2001), 3.

10Ibid.

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How to Read Index Pages

Index Overall Rank

METRO AREA NAME 6.78 2

Competitive Advantages Competitive Disadvantages

Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index Rank

Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.38 36 Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.38 36

Workers’ compensation collections per employee 4.99 36

State bond rating 3.11 46 Security subindex 5.01 25 Security subindex 5.01 25 Thefts per 100,000 inhabitants 5.88 11 Crime index change 1999-2000, % 3.37 49 Murders per 100,000 inhabitants 5.54 16 Infrastructure subindex 4.78 27 Infrastructure subindex 4.78 27 Mass transit availability 6.59 3 Travel time to work 3.69 46 % of households with computers 6.03 7 Median household gross rent 1.23 50 % of adults online 7.07 1 Human resources subindex 6.19 8 Human resources subindex 6.19 8 % of population that graduated from high school 5.36 20 % of population without health insurance 3.94 41 Unemployment rate 6.01 9 % of labor force represented by unions 4.33 34 Enrollment in degree-granting institutions per capita 5.92 7

% of adults in the labor force 5.64 13 % of population born abroad 7.12 3 Nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 5.08 11 Technology subindex 6.66 4 Technology subindex 6.66 4 Academic R&D funding relative to employment 5.00 15 Science & engineering grad. students per capita 5.20 17 Scientists and engineers in the labor force 5.35 17 High tech payroll as % of total payroll 7.81 1 Finance and cost subindex 8.31 1 Finance and cost subindex 8.31 1 Bank deposits per capita 5.71 11 Cost of living 3.66 43 Venture capital as % of GMP 10.00 1 Openness subindex 6.99 3 Openness subindex 6.99 3 Exports per capita 7.50 2 Air passengers per capita 5.19 16 Domestic competition subindex 7.42 1 Domestic competition subindex 7.42 1 Net firm creation per 100,000 inhabitants 5.66 14 New publicly traded companies 9.70 1 Environmental policy subindex 5.48 14 Environmental policy subindex 5.48 14 Toxic release, pounds per capita 5.24 9 Electricity prices, $ per mbtu 3.64 42 Pollution standards index 6.18 6 Serious pollution days p.a. 5.85 8

In this box on each page, you will find a summary of the high and low points of the

competitive index information to be found in detail in the table below.

A subindex combines one or more variables that explain certain social or economic characteristics. For example, the security subindex is composed of other variables such as thefts, percentage change in crime, and murders committed in the metro area.

Variables are the elements that make up each subindex. Variables that rank between 1 and 20 are considered advantages to a metro area, while variables that rank between 30 and 50 are considered disadvantages.

The index value ranks from 0 to 10, with a mean of 5 and a standard deviation of 1. Each metro area’s index is ordered to create the overall rank among the 50 metro areas.

In this column, you will find variables where the metro area is competitive.

In this column, you will find variables where the metro area is not competitive.

Each metro area’s overall rank is based on its total index from 1 (highest) to 50 (lowest).

How

to read the index pagesHow to read the index pages

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State Indices

State Indexes

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ALABAMA Index Overall Rank3.66 47

COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.29 16 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.29 16State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 5.75 7 Workers' compensation premium rates 4.36 40

Budget surplus, % of GSP 5.90 6 Full-time-equivalent state and local government 4.52 40Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 6.69 1

Security subindex 4.11 46 Security subindex 4.11 46Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.51 34Crime index change 2001-2002, % 4.17 42Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.20 39The BGA Integrity Index 3.57 47

Infrastructure subindex 4.87 33 Infrastructure subindex 4.87 33Electricity prices per million BTU 5.71 12 Households with installed phones, % 3.71 43Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 5.95 5 High-speed lines by state per 1,000 residents 4.67 33

Air passengers per capita 4.27 45

Human resources subindex 4.07 46 Human resources subindex 4.07 46Percent of population that graduated from high school, persons 25 years and older

3.38 47

Percent of adults who are in the labor force 3.88 43Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 3.39 47Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.16 42

Percentage of students at or above Proficient in 3.16 48

Technology subindex 4.83 31 Technology subindex 4.83 31Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.40 17 Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 4.15 43NIH support to institutions per capita 5.16 14 S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 4.65 34

Scientists and engineers/labor force 4.58 32

Business incubation subindex 4.74 39 Business incubation subindex 4.74 39Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 5.63 18 Total deposits (commercial banks and savings 4.69 36Minimum wage 5.52 1 institutions) per capita

Venture capital investment per capita 4.51 34Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 3.89 46IPO 4.20 34

Openness subindex 4.60 38 Openness subindex 4.60 38Percent of population born abroad 4.09 44

Environmental policy subindex 4.73 34 Environmental policy subindex 4.73 34Toxic release inventory, on-site and off-site, total (new and original industries), pounds/1,000 sq. miles

4.45 40

Greenhouse Gas Emissions (metric tons of carbon equivalent per 1,000 sq. miles)

5.01 31

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State IndexALASKA Index Overall Rank

5.01 27


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 4.47 45 Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.47 45State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 8.31 1 Workers' compensation premium rates 4.48 36Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 6.06 7 Budget surplus, % of GSP 1.25 50

Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 1.80 49

Security subindex 4.74 35 Security subindex 4.74 35Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.66 31Crime index change 2001-2002, % 4.33 41

Infrastructure subindex 5.27 11 Infrastructure subindex 5.27 11Households with installed phones, % 5.88 9 Electricity prices per million BTU 3.54 42High-speed lines by state per 1,000 residents 5.97 9 Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 3.21 46Air passengers per capita 7.03 3Average travel time to work 6.00 8

Human resources subindex 4.58 39 Human resources subindex 4.58 39Percent of population that graduated from high school, 6.22 5 Percent of population without health insurance 3.83 44persons 25 years and older Unemployment rate 2.72 49Percent of adults who are in the labor force 5.75 12 Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 4.27 39

Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.15 43

Percentage of students at or above Proficient in mathematics, grade 4 public schools

4.78 34

Technology subindex 4.46 38 Technology subindex 4.46 38Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.75 13 NIH support to institutions per capita 4.20 44Scientists and engineers/labor force 5.68 12 Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 3.99 48

Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 3.88 46

S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 3.24 49Percentage of total wage and salary jobs in high technology industries

4.49 31

Business incubation subindex 4.04 50 Business incubation subindex 4.04 50Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 5.75 11 Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions) per

capita4.39 50

Venture capital investment per capita 4.37 49IPO 4.20 34Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 2.92 48Minimum wage 2.60 49

Openness subindex 7.25 1 Openness subindex 7.25 1Exports per capita, dollars 7.03 4Incoming FDI per capita, dollars 10.00 1

Environmental policy subindex 5.76 11 Environmental policy subindex 5.76 11Greenhouse Gas Emissions (metric tons of carbon equivalent per 1,000 sq. miles)

5.99 1

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ARIZONA Index Overall Rank4.60 32


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.41 10 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.41 10Workers' compensation premium rates 6.11 6Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 5.77 15

Full-time-equivalent state and local government 6.21 4

Security subindex 3.78 50 Security subindex 3.78 50The BGA Integrity Index 5.26 20 Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 2.57 50

Crime index change 2001-2002, % 3.22 47Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.07 42

Infrastructure subindex 4.98 26 Infrastructure subindex 4.98 26High-speed lines by state per 1,000 residents 5.39 19 Households with installed phones, % 4.53 39Air passengers per capita 5.65 7 Average travel time to work 4.68 33

Electricity prices per million BTU 5.00 35Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 4.66 36

Human resources subindex 4.65 35 Human resources subindex 4.65 35Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting 5.44 14 Percent of population without health insurance 4.34 35institutions per 1,000 residents Percent of population that graduated from high school,

persons 25 years and older4.41 37

Percent of adults who are in the labor force 4.54 35Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.32 37Percentage of students at or above Proficient in mathematics, grade 4 public schools

4.04 39

Technology subindex 4.80 32 Technology subindex 4.80 32Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 5.02 19 NIH support to institutions per capita 3.93 50Scientists and engineers/labor force 5.31 19 Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 4.57 33

Percentage of total wage and salary jobs in high technology industries

5.84 12 S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 4.07 42

Business incubation subindex 5.06 22 Business incubation subindex 5.06 22IPO 5.12 18 Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions) 4.48 47Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 6.19 4 per capita

Minimum wage 5.52 1 Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.30 36

Openness subindex 5.31 10 Openness subindex 5.31 10Exports per capita, dollars 5.34 14 Incoming FDI per capita, dollars 4.55 47Percent of population born abroad 6.04 8


5.70 14 Toxic release inventory, on-site and off-site, total (new and original industries), pounds/1,000 sq. miles

4.18 42

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State IndexARKANSAS Index Overall Rank

3.69 45


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.48 6 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.48 6Workers' compensation premium rates 6.12 5Budget surplus, % of GSP 5.91 1Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 5.80 13

Security subindex 4.74 34 Security subindex 4.74 34Crime index change 2001-2002, % 4.77 36Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.77 31The BGA Integrity Index 4.61 31

Infrastructure subindex 4.60 45 Infrastructure subindex 4.60 45Average travel time to work 5.70 13 Households with installed phones, % 2.31 50Electricity prices per million BTU 5.52 18 High-speed lines by state per 1,000 residents 3.87 43Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 5.94 6 Air passengers per capita 4.29 44

Human resources subindex 3.95 48 Human resources subindex 3.95 48Percent of population without health insurance 4.23 39Percent of population that graduated from high school, persons 25 years and older

3.64 45

Unemployment rate 4.44 36Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting institutions per 1,000 residents

3.40 50



4.19 38

Technology subindex 3.87 49 Technology subindex 3.87 49Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 3.89 42NIH support to institutions per capita 4.25 42Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 3.99 49Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 3.83 47

S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 3.54 48Scientists and engineers/labor force 3.50 49Percentage of total wage and salary jobs in high technology industries

4.10 40

Business incubation subindex 4.95 26 Business incubation subindex 4.95 26Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 6.28 3 Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions) 4.72 31

Minimum wage 5.52 1 per capitaVenture capital investment per capita 4.39 42IPO 4.20 34

Openness subindex 4.32 46 Openness subindex 4.32 46Exports per capita, dollars 4.14 43Incoming FDI per capita, dollars 4.59 43Percent of population born abroad 4.21 39


5.62 20


5.53 18

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CALIFORNIA Index Overall Rank5.14 22


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 3.87 48 Government and fiscal policy subindex 3.87 48Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees 5.82 7 Workers' compensation premium rates 1.37 50

per 100 residents Bond rating: composite 2.05 50Budget surplus, % of GSP 4.66 41

Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 4.43 37

Security subindex 4.99 24 Security subindex 4.99 24The BGA Integrity Index 6.35 5 Crime index change 2001-2002, % 4.42 38

Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.17 40

Infrastructure subindex 4.55 47 Infrastructure subindex 4.55 47Households with installed phones, % 5.74 14 Average travel time to work 3.78 46High-speed lines by state per 1,000 residents 6.24 5 Electricity prices per million BTU 2.99 49Air passengers per capita 5.01 17 Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 3.54 43

Human resources subindex 4.80 33 Human resources subindex 4.80 33Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting institutions 7.13 2 Percent of population without health insurance 3.96 42

per 1,000 residents Percent of population that graduated from high school, 3.69 42

Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 6.11 5 persons 25 years and olderUnemployment rate 3.96 43Percent of adults who are in the labor force 4.54 35Percentage of students at or above Proficient in mathematics, grade 4 public schools

4.04 39

Technology subindex 5.69 7 Technology subindex 5.69 7NIH support to institutions per capita 5.56 10Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 6.37 5Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 5.32 16


6.50 5

Business incubation subindex 5.49 6 Business incubation subindex 5.49 6Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions) 4.95 18 Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 4.03 43

per capita Minimum wage 3.18 43Venture capital investment per capita 8.38 2Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 5.15 17IPO 7.24 3

Openness subindex 6.19 3 Openness subindex 6.19 3Exports per capita, dollars 5.58 10Percent of population born abroad 8.21 1


5.86 11

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State IndexCOLORADO Index Overall Rank

6.27 5



Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees 5.43 19 Bond rating: composite 4.10 37

per 100 residents Budget surplus, % of GSP 5.00 34



Crime index change 2001-2002, % 3.88 45

Infrastructure subindex 5.41 5 Infrastructure subindex 5.41 5Households with installed phones, % 6.27 3 Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 4.61 37Air passengers per capita 5.92 5Electricity prices per million BTU 5.55 15

Human resources subindex 5.28 18 Human resources subindex 5.28 18Percent of population that graduated from high school, 5.71 12 Percent of population without health insurance 4.28 36persons 25 years and older Unemployment rate 4.63 33Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting institutions per 1,000 residents

5.46 13

Percent of adults who are in the labor force 6.05 8Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 5.84 10Percentage of students at or above Proficient in mathematics, grade 4 public schools

5.37 17

Technology subindex 6.12 3 Technology subindex 6.12 3NIH support to institutions per capita 5.14 15Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 5.88 9Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 6.20 5


7.13 2

Business incubation subindex 5.41 8 Business incubation subindex 5.41 8Venture capital investment per capita 6.24 4 Total deposits (commercial banks and savings 4.70 35Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 6.97 3 institutions) per capitaIPO 6.15 4 Minimum wage 2.67 48Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 5.72 15

Openness subindex 4.81 29 Openness subindex 4.81 29Percent of population born abroad 5.34 16 Exports per capita, dollars 4.38 36

Incoming FDI per capita, dollars 4.70 34


5.90 7


5.69 15

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Connecticut

CONNECTICUT Index Overall Rank

5.57 15


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 4.65 42 Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.65 42Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees 5.57 13 State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 4.42 40

per 100 residents Workers' compensation premium rates 4.44 39Budget surplus, % of GSP 5.06 31


Security subindex 5.84 4 Security subindex 5.84 4Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.98 10Crime index change 2001-2002, % 5.71 12Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.87 12The BGA Integrity Index 5.81 13Infrastructure subindex 4.88 31 Infrastructure subindex 4.88 31Households with installed phones, % 6.80 1 Air passengers per capita 4.45 33High-speed lines by state per 1,000 residents 6.65 3 Average travel time to work 4.62 35


Human resources subindex 5.59 10 Human resources subindex 5.59 10Percent of population without health insurance 6.10 6 Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting 4.12 42Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 5.63 16 institutions per 1,000 residentsRate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 6.87 4


6.40 4

Technology subindex 5.83 5 Technology subindex 5.83 5NIH support to institutions per capita 5.98 5Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 5.98 7Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 6.70 3S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 5.12 19Scientists and engineers/labor force 6.12 6Percentage of total wage and salary jobs in high technology industries

6.15 8

Business incubation subindex 5.09 18 Business incubation subindex 5.09 18Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions) 5.12 9 Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.35 35per capita Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 4.57 33Venture capital investment per capita 5.25 12IPO 5.69 9Minimum wage 5.52 1

Openness subindex 5.27 13 Openness subindex 5.27 13Exports per capita, dollars 5.29 15Incoming FDI per capita, dollars 4.89 15Percent of population born abroad 5.63 12Environmental policy subindex 3.99 43 Environmental policy subindex 3.99 43

Toxic release inventory, on-site and off-site, total (new and original industries), pounds/1,000 sq. miles

4.70 32


3.28 49

BH

I


State IndexDELAWARE Index Overall Rank

5.43 18



Bond rating: composite 6.57 1 Full-time-equivalent state and local government 4.79 35Budget surplus, % of GSP 5.62 13 employees per 100 residents

Security subindex 5.07 23 Security subindex 5.07 23Crime index change 2001-2002, % 5.38 19 The BGA Integrity Index 4.31 38

Infrastructure subindex 4.88 32 Infrastructure subindex 4.88 32Households with installed phones, % 5.83 12 Air passengers per capita 4.02 50


Human resources subindex 5.04 25 Human resources subindex 5.04 25Percent of population without health insurance 5.91 14 Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 2.51 50Percent of population that graduated from high school, 5.71 12persons 25 years and olderUnemployment rate 6.17 7


Technology subindex 5.15 20 Technology subindex 5.15 20Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 5.66 10 Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 3.79 45Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 5.65 12 NIH support to institutions per capita 4.52 33S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 5.87 8Scientists and engineers/labor force 5.37 16Percentage of total wage and salary jobs in high technology industries

5.21 19

Business incubation subindex 5.82 2 Business incubation subindex 5.82 2Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions) 10.00 1 IPO 4.20 34

per capita Minimum wage 4.06 40Venture capital investment per capita 5.36 9Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 6.22 8



2.91 48


3.36 48

BH

I


Stat

e In

dex

Florida

FLORIDA Index Overall Rank

4.81 29



Bond rating: composite 5.34 18Budget surplus, % of GSP 5.91 1

Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

6.29 3



Infrastructure subindex 5.06 20 Infrastructure subindex 5.06 20High-speed lines by state per 1,000 residents 6.21 6 Households with installed phones, % 4.67 35Air passengers per capita 5.51 8 Average travel time to work 4.27 41


Human resources subindex 4.70 34 Human resources subindex 4.70 34Unemployment rate 5.50 15 Percent of population without health insurance 4.02 41

Percent of population that graduated from high school, persons 25 years and older

4.65 35

Percent of adults who are in the labor force 3.84 44

Technology subindex 4.24 44 Technology subindex 4.24 44Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 3.85 44NIH support to institutions per capita 4.25 43Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 4.35 38S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 3.63 47Scientists and engineers/labor force 4.48 33

Business incubation subindex 5.31 9 Business incubation subindex 5.31 9Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 6.10 9IPO 4.96 19Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 5.83 13

Minimum wage 5.52 1




4.53 36


4.54 40

BH

I


State Index

g

GEORGIA Index Overall Rank5.08 25


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.51 4 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.51 4Bond rating: composite 6.57 1Budget surplus, % of GSP 5.50 17Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 5.85 12

Security subindex 4.67 37 Security subindex 4.67 37Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.46 36Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.07 41

Infrastructure subindex 5.12 17 Infrastructure subindex 5.12 17High-speed lines by state per 1,000 residents 5.81 13 Households with installed phones, % 3.90 42Air passengers per capita 6.09 4 Average travel time to work 3.89 45Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 5.64 16

Human resources subindex 4.64 36 Human resources subindex 4.64 36Unemployment rate 5.88 12 Percent of population without health insurance 4.50 33Percent of adults who are in the labor force 5.49 16 Percent of population that graduated from high school,


Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting institutions per 1,000 residents

4.00 46

Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 3.93 43Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.26 39Percentage of students at or above Proficient in mathematics, grade 4 public schools

4.33 37

Technology subindex 4.64 35 Technology subindex 4.64 35Percentage of total wage and salary jobs in high 5.13 20 Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 4.47 31technology industries Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 4.27 41

S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 4.05 43

Business incubation subindex 5.29 11 Business incubation subindex 5.29 11Venture capital investment per capita 5.43 7IPO 5.43 15Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 5.90 12

Minimum wage 5.52 1



4.64 33


4.87 35

BH

I


Stat

e In

dex

Hawaii

HAWAII Index Overall Rank3.67 46


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 4.24 47 Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.24 47

State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 3.66 47Workers' compensation premium rates 3.67 48Bond rating: composite 4.10 37

Budget surplus, % of GSP 4.93 36Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 4.12 41

Security subindex 4.29 44 Security subindex 4.29 44Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 6.03 7 Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 2.92 49The BGA Integrity Index 6.37 4 Crime index change 2001-2002, % 1.84 50

Infrastructure subindex 4.81 35 Infrastructure subindex 4.81 35Households with installed phones, % 5.45 18 Average travel time to work 4.36 38Air passengers per capita 9.64 1 Electricity prices per million BTU 1.98 50

Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 2.48 49

Human resources subindex 5.39 15 Human resources subindex 5.39 15Percent of population without health insurance 6.18 3 Percentage of students at or above Proficient in 3.74 43Percent of population that graduated from high school, persons 25 years and older

5.66 17 mathematics, grade 4 public schools


5.34 16

Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 5.56 18Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 5.54 9

Technology subindex 4.49 36 Technology subindex 4.49 36Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.32 19 Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 4.04 47

Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 4.45 35Scientists and engineers/labor force 4.38 35Percentage of total wage and salary jobs in high technology industries

3.76 47

Business incubation subindex 4.19 49 Business incubation subindex 4.19 49Total deposits (commercial banks and savings 4.92 19 Venture capital investment per capita 4.39 44institutions) per capita IPO 4.20 34

Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 2.89 49Minimum wage 3.91 41

Openness subindex 5.16 18 Openness subindex 5.16 18Incoming FDI per capita, dollars 5.48 4 Exports per capita, dollars 3.41 50Percent of population born abroad 6.59 6


5.87 10

BH

I


State IndexIDAHO Index Overall Rank

5.58 14


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 4.86 36 Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.86 36Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 5.79 14 State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 4.61 38

Bond rating: composite 4.10 37Budget surplus, % of GSP 4.72 40Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

4.79 35

Security subindex 4.98 26 Security subindex 4.98 26Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.81 14 Crime index change 2001-2002, % 4.42 39Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.75 13 The BGA Integrity Index 3.96 42

Infrastructure subindex 5.35 8 Infrastructure subindex 5.35 8Households with installed phones, % 6.17 6 High-speed lines by state per 1,000 residents 3.90 42Average travel time to work 5.82 11Electricity prices per million BTU 6.05 3Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 5.54 19

Human resources subindex 4.95 29 Human resources subindex 4.95 29Percent of population that graduated from high 5.58 19 Percent of population without health insurance 3.91 43school, persons 25 years and older Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 3.53 50


5.58 11

Percent of adults who are in the labor force 5.29 18Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 5.56 18

Technology subindex 5.44 12 Technology subindex 5.44 12Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 9.50 1 Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.05 40Scientists and engineers/labor force 5.75 10 NIH support to institutions per capita 4.06 49Percentage of total wage and salary jobs in high 5.80 14 Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 4.44 36technology industries S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 4.49 37

Business incubation subindex 5.15 15 Business incubation subindex 5.15 15Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 6.41 6 Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions) 4.42 48Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 5.79 14 per capitaMinimum wage 5.52 1 IPO 4.20 34



5.93 3

BH

I


Stat

e In

dex

ILLINOIS Index Overall Rank4.22 39


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 4.86 35 Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.86 35Budget surplus, % of GSP 5.79 8 Workers' compensation premium rates 4.66 32Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

5.74 8 Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 3.36 47

Security subindex 4.55 41 Security subindex 4.55 41Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 3.90 45The BGA Integrity Index 4.04 41

Infrastructure subindex 4.67 43 Infrastructure subindex 4.67 43Air passengers per capita 5.48 9 Households with installed phones, % 3.08 49Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 5.69 14 Average travel time to work 3.63 47

Human resources subindex 4.90 30 Human resources subindex 4.90 30Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting institutions per 1,000 residents

5.65 9 Percent of population that graduated from high school, persons 25 years and older

4.97 31

Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 5.39 11 Unemployment rate 3.96 43Percent of adults who are in the labor force 4.56 33Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 4.54 36

Technology subindex 4.98 25 Technology subindex 4.98 25Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 5.05 17 Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.47 35Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 6.06 6

Business incubation subindex 4.85 34 Business incubation subindex 4.85 34Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions) 5.27 7 Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.19 39

per capita Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 4.00 44IPO 6.02 5 Minimum wage 5.01 39


Toxic release inventory, on-site and off-site, total (new and original industries), pounds/1,000 sq. miles

4.59 34


4.52 41

BH

I


State Index

Indiana

INDIANA Index Overall Rank4.12 42


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.53 3 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.53 3Workers' compensation premium rates 6.45 2 State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 4.70 35Bond rating: composite 5.75 10Budget surplus, % of GSP 5.48 18


5.49 16

Security subindex 4.89 28 Security subindex 4.89 28Crime index change 2001-2002, % 5.38 20 Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.53 35

The BGA Integrity Index 4.44 34

Infrastructure subindex 4.80 36 Infrastructure subindex 4.80 36Average travel time to work 5.32 17 Households with installed phones, % 3.51 46Electricity prices per million BTU 5.87 7 High-speed lines by state per 1,000 residents 4.25 39Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 5.52 20 Air passengers per capita 4.34 40

Human resources subindex 5.00 27 Human resources subindex 5.00 27Unemployment rate 5.50 15 Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting 4.44 35Percent of adults who are in the labor force 5.29 18 institutions per 1,000 residentsPercentage of students at or above Proficient in 5.51 15 Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 4.68 34mathematics, grade 4 public schools Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.32 36

Technology subindex 4.67 34 Technology subindex 4.67 34NIH support to institutions per capita 4.44 36Scientists and engineers/labor force 4.22 38Percentage of total wage and salary jobs in high technology industries

4.41 32

Business incubation subindex 4.79 38 Business incubation subindex 4.79 38IPO 4.96 19 Total deposits (commercial banks and savings 4.67 38Minimum wage 5.52 1 institutions) per capita

Venture capital investment per capita 4.47 35Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.07 43

Openness subindex 4.96 21 Openness subindex 4.96 21Exports per capita, dollars 5.58 11 Percent of population born abroad 4.32 33Incoming FDI per capita, dollars 4.98 11


2.17 50


3.59 46

BH

I


Stat

e In

dex

IOWA Index Overall Rank5.57 17


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.41 11 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.41 11Workers' compensation premium rates 5.96 9 Full-time-equivalent state and local government 4.56 39Bond rating: composite 5.75 10 employees per 100 residentsBudget surplus, % of GSP 5.76 11



Infrastructure subindex 5.20 15 Infrastructure subindex 5.20 15Households with installed phones, % 5.40 19 High-speed lines by state per 1,000 residents 4.14 40Average travel time to work 6.23 7 Air passengers per capita 4.24 46Electricity prices per million BTU 5.50 20Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 5.66 15

Human resources subindex 5.59 9 Human resources subindex 5.59 9Percent of population without health insurance 5.86 15 Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.19 41Percent of population that graduated from high school, persons 25 years and older

5.98 7

Unemployment rate 6.07 9Percent of adults who are in the labor force 5.97 10Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 5.97 8Percentage of students at or above Proficient in mathematics, grade 4 public schools

5.66 10

Technology subindex 5.04 23 Technology subindex 5.04 23Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 6.50 4 Scientists and engineers/labor force 4.02 42NIH support to institutions per capita 5.11 16 Percentage of total wage and salary jobs in high 4.14 39Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 5.37 14 technology industriesS&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 5.40 16

Business incubation subindex 4.84 36 Business incubation subindex 4.84 36Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions) 4.97 13 Venture capital investment per capita 4.39 43

per capita Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 3.76 49IPO 5.61 11 Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 4.75 31Minimum wage 5.52 1

Openness subindex 4.56 40 Openness subindex 4.56 40Incoming FDI per capita, dollars 4.64 40Percent of population born abroad 4.25 38


5.65 19

BH

I


State IndexKANSAS Index Overall Rank

6.05 10


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 4.98 28 Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.98 28Workers' compensation premium rates 5.83 11 Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 4.41 38Bond rating: composite 5.75 10 Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees

per 100 residents3.89 47

Security subindex 5.47 14 Security subindex 5.47 14Crime index change 2001-2002, % 6.12 3Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.67 17

Infrastructure subindex 5.39 7 Infrastructure subindex 5.39 7High-speed lines by state per 1,000 residents 5.73 15 Air passengers per capita 4.13 48Average travel time to work 6.41 5Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 5.80 12

Human resources subindex 5.64 8 Human resources subindex 5.64 8Percent of population without health insurance 5.94 12 Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 4.75 31Percent of population that graduated from high school, persons 25 years and older

5.69 15 Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.53 31


6.92 3

Percent of adults who are in the labor force 5.68 14Percentage of students at or above Proficient in mathematics, grade 4 public schools

6.40 4

Technology subindex 5.40 14 Technology subindex 5.40 14Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 6.77 2 NIH support to institutions per capita 4.42 38S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 5.49 13Scientists and engineers/labor force 5.13 20Percentage of total wage and salary jobs in high technology industries

6.66 4

Business incubation subindex 4.87 32 Business incubation subindex 4.87 32Minimum wage 5.52 1 Venture capital investment per capita 4.41 37

IPO 4.20 34

Openness subindex 4.62 36 Openness subindex 4.62 36Incoming FDI per capita, dollars 4.56 46


5.80 15


5.67 16

BH

I


Stat

e In

dex

y

KENTUCKY Index Overall Rank4.31 38


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 4.92 30 Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.92 30Budget surplus, % of GSP 5.42 19 Workers' compensation premium rates 4.48 36

Security subindex 5.73 7 Security subindex 5.73 7Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 6.08 9The BGA Integrity Index 6.61 3

Infrastructure subindex 4.99 25 Infrastructure subindex 4.99 25Air passengers per capita 5.41 12 Households with installed phones, % 3.27 47Electricity prices per million BTU 6.34 1 High-speed lines by state per 1,000 residents 3.90 41Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 5.96 3

Human resources subindex 4.47 40 Human resources subindex 4.47 40Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 5.77 13 Percent of population that graduated from high school, persons

25 years and older4.15 38


4.46 34

Percent of adults who are in the labor force 3.74 46Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.44 33


3.60 46

Technology subindex 4.15 45 Technology subindex 4.15 45Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.27 38NIH support to institutions per capita 4.44 37Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 4.23 41Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 4.34 39S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 3.96 45Scientists and engineers/labor force 3.86 46Percentage of total wage and salary jobs in high technology industries

3.99 42

Business incubation subindex 4.66 41 Business incubation subindex 4.66 41Minimum wage 5.52 1 Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions) per

capita4.71 32




4.56 35


4.69 37

BH

I


State IndexLOUISIANA Index Overall Rank

3.16 49


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 4.67 41 Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.67 41Budget surplus, % of GSP 5.75 12 Workers' compensation premium rates 4.06 44Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 5.90 9 Bond rating: composite 3.28 49

Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees 4.14 44

Security subindex 3.81 49 Security subindex 3.81 49Crime index change 2001-2002, % 5.99 6 Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 3.87 44

Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 1.73 50The BGA Integrity Index 3.64 46

Infrastructure subindex 4.71 41 Infrastructure subindex 4.71 41Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 5.88 8 Households with installed phones, % 3.13 48

Air passengers per capita 4.59 31Average travel time to work 4.71 31Electricity prices per million BTU 5.12 32

Human resources subindex 3.88 49 Human resources subindex 3.88 49Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting 5.27 18 Percent of population without health insurance 3.37 48institutions per 1,000 residents Percent of population that graduated from high school, 3.35 48Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 5.03 18 persons 25 years and olderinhabitants Unemployment rate 4.06 42


3.45 47

Technology subindex 4.32 40 Technology subindex 4.32 40Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.68 33NIH support to institutions per capita 4.53 32Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 4.13 45S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 4.30 38Scientists and engineers/labor force 3.86 45Percentage of total wage and salary jobs in high technology industries

3.75 48

Business incubation subindex 4.92 29 Business incubation subindex 4.92 29Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 5.92 10 Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions) 4.58 43

Minimum wage 5.52 1 Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 3.96 45



4.50 38


4.58 39

BH

I


Stat

e In

dex

Maine

MAINE Index Overall Rank

4.36 36



State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 2.61 49Budget surplus, % of GSP 4.84 37Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 4.75 34


4.89 32

Security subindex 5.75 6 Security subindex 5.75 6Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 6.33 6Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 6.36 3

Infrastructure subindex 4.70 42 Infrastructure subindex 4.70 42Households with installed phones, % 6.07 8 High-speed lines by state per 1,000 residents 4.58 35

Air passengers per capita 4.34 41Electricity prices per million BTU 3.47 43Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 4.82 34

Human resources subindex 5.25 19 Human resources subindex 5.25 19Percent of population without health insurance 6.10 6 Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting institutions 3.76 49Unemployment rate 5.50 15 per 1,000 residentsInfant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 5.63 16Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 5.53 10Percentage of students at or above Proficient in mathematics, grade 4 public schools

5.37 17

Technology subindex 4.09 47 Technology subindex 4.09 47Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 3.65 47Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 4.25 40Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 2.89 50


4.34 34

Business incubation subindex 4.62 42 Business incubation subindex 4.62 42Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 5.04 19 Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions) per

capita4.62 40

Venture capital investment per capita 4.52 32Minimum wage 3.91 41

Openness subindex 4.59 39 Openness subindex 4.59 39Incoming FDI per capita, dollars 4.88 16 Percent of population born abroad 4.20 41


5.88 9


5.81 8

BH

I


State Index

y

MARYLAND Index Overall Rank5.29 19


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.46 7 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.46 7Workers' compensation premium rates 5.83 11 Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 4.83 32Bond rating: composite 6.57 1Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 5.56 14



Infrastructure subindex 4.64 44 Infrastructure subindex 4.64 44High-speed lines by state per 1,000 residents 5.74 14 Average travel time to work 2.70 49


Human resources subindex 5.64 7 Human resources subindex 5.64 7Unemployment rate 6.07 9 Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 4.27 39Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting institutions per 1,000 residents

6.41 4


Technology subindex 6.41 2 Technology subindex 6.41 2Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 7.56 1NIH support to institutions per capita 7.95 2Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 5.87 8


5.93 10

Business incubation subindex 5.29 10 Business incubation subindex 5.29 10Venture capital investment per capita 5.56 6 Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 4.38 37Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 5.74 12IPO 5.82 7Minimum wage 5.52 1




3.74 43


3.44 47

BH

I


Stat

e In

dex

MASSACHUSETTS Index Overall Rank7.29 1


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 4.77 39 Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.77 39State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 5.27 17 Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 2.07 50

Workers' compensation premium rates 5.65 15Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 5.74 8

Security subindex 5.56 11 Security subindex 5.56 11Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.89 12 Crime index change 2001-2002, % 4.91 35Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.74 14The BGA Integrity Index 5.69 15

Infrastructure subindex 4.75 38 Infrastructure subindex 4.75 38Households with installed phones, % 6.17 6 Average travel time to work 3.92 44High-speed lines by state per 1,000 residents 7.26 1 Electricity prices per million BTU 3.12 47


Human resources subindex 5.92 4 Human resources subindex 5.92 4Percent of population without health insurance 6.02 8Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting institutions per 1,000 residents

5.35 15

Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 6.38 3Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 7.99 1Percentage of students at or above Proficient in mathematics, grade 4 public schools

6.40 4



7.00 3

Business incubation subindex 5.98 1 Business incubation subindex 5.98 1Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions) 5.56 4 Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 4.38 37per capita Minimum wage 3.18 43Venture capital investment per capita 9.69 1IPO 8.19 2



3.62 45

BH

I


State IndexMICHIGAN Index Overall Rank

5.08 24


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.30 15 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.30 15Bond rating: composite 5.75 10 State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 4.70 35Budget surplus, % of GSP 5.39 20 Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 4.81 33Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 5.83 6

Security subindex 4.98 25 Security subindex 4.98 25Crime index change 2001-2002, % 6.08 4 Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.20 38

The BGA Integrity Index 4.56 32

Infrastructure subindex 5.02 22 Infrastructure subindex 5.02 22Electricity prices per million BTU 5.13 31

Human resources subindex 4.99 28 Human resources subindex 4.99 28Percent of population without health insurance 5.97 9 Unemployment rate 3.39 47Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting institutions 5.74 7 Percent of adults who are in the labor force 4.35 38

per 1,000 residents Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 4.34 38Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 5.38 12Percentage of students at or above Proficient in mathematics, grade 4 public schools

5.37 17

Technology subindex 5.22 18 Technology subindex 5.22 18Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.19 20Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 5.50 12Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 5.33 15Scientists and engineers/labor force 5.86 9


capita4.71 33

Venture capital investment per capita 4.51 33Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.09 42IPO 4.43 32Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 3.19 47


Environmental policy subindex 5.20 27 Environmental policy subindex 5.20 27

BH

I


Stat

e In

dex

MINNESOTA Index Overall Rank6.45 4


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 4.58 43 Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.58 43Bond rating: composite 6.16 8 State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 4.32 41

Workers' compensation premium rates 4.83 31Budget surplus, % of GSP 3.44 47


Security subindex 5.51 12 Security subindex 5.51 12Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.44 18 Crime index change 2001-2002, % 5.15 31Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.92 11The BGA Integrity Index 5.54 17

Infrastructure subindex 5.62 1 Infrastructure subindex 5.62 1Households with installed phones, % 6.61 2High-speed lines by state per 1,000 residents 5.38 20Air passengers per capita 5.46 11Average travel time to work 5.18 19Electricity prices per million BTU 5.54 16Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 5.55 18Human resources subindex 6.09 2 Human resources subindex 6.09 2Percent of population without health insurance 6.55 1Percent of population that graduated from high school, persons 25 years and older

6.48 2


5.24 19

Percent of adults who are in the labor force 6.92 1Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 6.18 4Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 5.20 14Percentage of students at or above Proficient in mathematics, grade 4 public schools

6.54 2

Technology subindex 5.32 15 Technology subindex 5.32 15NIH support to institutions per capita 5.30 12 Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.29 37Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 6.47 4Scientists and engineers/labor force 5.74 11Percentage of total wage and salary jobs in high technology industries

5.36 18

Business incubation subindex 5.06 23 Business incubation subindex 5.06 23Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions) per capita

5.07 10 Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 4.09 41

Venture capital investment per capita 5.32 10IPO 5.52 13Minimum wage 5.52 1

Openness subindex 4.86 26 Openness subindex 4.86 26Exports per capita, dollars 5.19 17 Incoming FDI per capita, dollars 4.66 39


5.83 14


5.58 17

BH

I


State Index

pp

MISSISSIPPI Index Overall Rank

2.93 50


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.06 26 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.06 26Workers' compensation premium rates 5.34 19 Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per

100 residents3.91 46


Security subindex 4.40 42 Security subindex 4.40 42Crime index change 2001-2002, % 5.09 32Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 3.27 48The BGA Integrity Index 4.45 33

Infrastructure subindex 4.60 46 Infrastructure subindex 4.60 46Average travel time to work 5.21 18 Households with installed phones, % 3.66 44Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 5.93 7 High-speed lines by state per 1,000 residents 3.16 49



3.72 41


4.57 32

Percent of adults who are in the labor force 3.57 47Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 2.64 49Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 3.65 49Percentage of students at or above Proficient in mathematics, grade 4 public schools

2.86 49

Technology subindex 4.06 48 Technology subindex 4.06 48Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.34 18 NIH support to institutions per capita 4.14 46

Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 3.98 50Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 3.97 45


3.72 49

Business incubation subindex 4.80 37 Business incubation subindex 4.80 37Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 6.15 6 Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions) per 4.57 44

Minimum wage 5.52 1 Venture capital investment per capita 4.37 48Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 3.98 44IPO 4.20 34



5.49 20

BH

I


Stat

e In

dex

Missouri

MISSOURI Index Overall Rank5.21 20


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.41 12 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.41 12State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 5.46 13 Budget surplus, % of GSP 4.62 42

Bond rating: composite 6.57 1Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 5.52 18



Infrastructure subindex 5.18 16 Infrastructure subindex 5.18 16Air passengers per capita 5.46 10 Households with installed phones, % 4.77 32Electricity prices per million BTU 5.55 14 High-speed lines by state per 1,000 residents 4.62 34Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 5.98 2 Average travel time to work 4.71 31


5.61 18 Percentage of students at or above Proficient in mathematics, grade 4 public schools

4.78 34


Technology subindex 4.88 28 Technology subindex 4.88 28Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.46 16 Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 4.42 35NIH support to institutions per capita 5.48 11 Scientists and engineers/labor force 4.47 34

Business incubation subindex 5.07 19 Business incubation subindex 5.07 19IPO 5.68 10Minimum wage 5.52 1



BH

I


State IndexMONTANA Index Overall Rank

4.92 28



Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 5.93 8 Bond rating: composite 4.10 37


Security subindex 5.35 16 Security subindex 5.35 16Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.46 17 The BGA Integrity Index 3.83 45Crime index change 2001-2002, % 6.02 5Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 6.10 6

Infrastructure subindex 4.96 27 Infrastructure subindex 4.96 27Average travel time to work 6.58 4 Households with installed phones, % 4.62 36

High-speed lines by state per 1,000 residents 3.25 48

Human resources subindex 4.88 31 Human resources subindex 4.88 31Percent of population that graduated from high school, 6.09 6 Percent of population without health insurance 3.70 46persons 25 years and older Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting institutions 3.82 48Unemployment rate 5.88 12 per 1,000 residents


Technology subindex 4.88 29 Technology subindex 4.88 29Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 6.43 6 NIH support to institutions per capita 4.55 31S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 5.69 10 Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 4.29 39

Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 4.67 31Scientists and engineers/labor force 4.65 31Percentage of total wage and salary jobs in high technology industries

3.89 45

Business incubation subindex 5.07 20 Business incubation subindex 5.07 20Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 7.01 2 Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions) 4.62 42Minimum wage 5.52 1 per capita

Venture capital investment per capita 4.38 45IPO 4.20 34Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 4.66 32



5.91 6


5.93 4

BH

I


Stat

e In

dex

NEBRASKA Index Overall Rank

6.22 6


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.15 22 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.15 22Workers' compensation premium rates 5.71 13 State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 4.61 38Bond rating: composite 5.75 10 Full-time-equivalent state and local government 3.62 48Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 6.07 6 employees per 100 residents

Security subindex 5.50 13 Security subindex 5.50 13Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.71 15The BGA Integrity Index 6.35 5

Infrastructure subindex 5.61 2 Infrastructure subindex 5.61 2High-speed lines by state per 1,000 residents 5.53 17 Air passengers per capita 4.54 32Average travel time to work 6.70 3Electricity prices per million BTU 5.84 8Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 5.82 11


6.27 4

Unemployment rate 6.55 2Percent of adults who are in the labor force 6.87 2Percentage of students at or above Proficient in mathematics, grade 4 public schools

5.37 17

Technology subindex 4.99 24 Technology subindex 4.99 24Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.94 8 Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 4.30 38Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 5.13 20


Business incubation subindex 4.89 30 Business incubation subindex 4.89 30Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions) 5.00 12 Venture capital investment per capita 4.40 39per capita Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.40 34Minimum wage 5.52 1



5.76 17


5.80 9

BH

I


State IndexNEVADA Index Overall Rank

4.33 37


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.28 17 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.28 17State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 5.18 18 Workers' compensation premium rates 4.28 41Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

6.94 1

Security subindex 3.94 48 Security subindex 3.94 48Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.47 35Crime index change 2001-2002, % 3.04 48Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 3.60 47

Infrastructure subindex 5.46 4 Infrastructure subindex 5.46 4High-speed lines by state per 1,000 residents 5.96 10 Households with installed phones, % 4.72 33Air passengers per capita 8.00 2 Electricity prices per million BTU 4.73 39Average travel time to work 5.15 20 Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 4.20 42

Human resources subindex 4.64 37 Human resources subindex 4.64 37Unemployment rate 5.40 18 Percent of population without health insurance 3.83 44Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 5.90 9 Percent of population that graduated from high school, persons



4.36 37



3.74 43

Technology subindex 3.70 50 Technology subindex 3.70 50Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 3.31 49NIH support to institutions per capita 4.09 47Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 3.50 49S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 2.96 50Scientists and engineers/labor force 3.62 48Percentage of total wage and salary jobs in high technology industries

3.82 46

Business incubation subindex 5.01 24 Business incubation subindex 5.01 24Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 6.37 7 Venture capital investment per capita 4.45 36Minimum wage 5.52 1 Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 4.50 34

Openness subindex 5.15 19 Openness subindex 5.15 19Incoming FDI per capita, dollars 4.85 20 Exports per capita, dollars 3.98 44Percent of population born abroad 6.62 5



3.10 47

BH

I


Stat

e In

dex

p

NEW HAMPSHIRE Index Overall Rank

6.11 7




5.65 10 Budget surplus, % of GSP 3.02 48





Human resources subindex 6.09 1 Human resources subindex 6.09 1Percent of population without health insurance 6.13 5 Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting 4.52 33Percent of population that graduated from high school, persons 25 years and older

6.62 1 institutions per 1,000 residents

Unemployment rate 6.26 5Percent of adults who are in the labor force 6.24 6Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 7.19 1Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 5.08 17


6.69 1

Technology subindex 5.62 9 Technology subindex 5.62 9Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.87 9 Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 4.28 40NIH support to institutions per capita 5.24 13Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 6.14 6S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 6.47 5Percentage of total wage and salary jobs in high technology industries

6.22 7


5.32 5

Venture capital investment per capita 7.04 3Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 5.59 13Minimum wage 5.52 1

Openness subindex 4.66 35 Openness subindex 4.66 35Incoming FDI per capita, dollars 4.91 13 Exports per capita, dollars 4.52 32


5.75 18

BH

I


State Index

y

NEW JERSEY Index Overall Rank

3.84 44



State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 4.70 35

Bond rating: composite 4.10 37Budget surplus, % of GSP 1.31 49


Security subindex 5.84 5 Security subindex 5.84 5Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.96 11Crime index change 2001-2002, % 6.21 2The BGA Integrity Index 5.91 12

Infrastructure subindex 4.50 49 Infrastructure subindex 4.50 49Households with installed phones, % 5.83 12 Average travel time to work 3.19 48High-speed lines by state per 1,000 residents 6.66 2 Electricity prices per million BTU 4.05 40


Human resources subindex 5.25 20 Human resources subindex 5.25 20Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 6.31 7 Unemployment rate 4.73 32Percentage of students at or above Proficient in mathematics, grade 4 public schools

6.10 8 Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting institutions per 1,000 residents

4.58 31

Percent of adults who are in the labor force 4.71 31

Technology subindex 4.97 26 Technology subindex 4.97 26Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 5.65 11 Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 3.51 48Scientists and engineers/labor force 5.66 13 NIH support to institutions per capita 4.45 34Percentage of total wage and salary jobs in high technology industries




Venture capital investment per capita 5.41 8Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 5.35 15IPO 5.45 14Minimum wage 5.52 1



4.33 41


0.49 50

BH

I


Stat

e In

dex

NEW MEXICO Index Overall Rank4.50 33


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.23 18 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.23 18State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 5.18 18 Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees 3.94 45Workers' compensation premium rates 5.61 16Bond rating: composite 5.75 10

Budget surplus, % of GSP 5.77 9



Infrastructure subindex 4.73 40 Infrastructure subindex 4.73 40Average travel time to work 5.85 10 Households with installed phones, % 3.66 44Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 5.59 17 High-speed lines by state per 1,000 residents 3.50 47

Electricity prices per million BTU 5.04 34


per 1,000 residents Percent of population that graduated from high school, 3.85 39Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 5.43 20 persons 25 years and older

Unemployment rate 4.25 40Percent of adults who are in the labor force 4.15 41Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.47 32


2.86 49

Technology subindex 5.43 13 Technology subindex 5.43 13Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 6.61 3 S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 4.24 39Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 6.01 7Scientists and engineers/labor force 5.94 8Percentage of total wage and salary jobs in high technology industries

5.83 13

Business incubation subindex 4.94 27 Business incubation subindex 4.94 27Venture capital investment per capita 5.02 17 Total deposits (commercial banks and savings 4.40 49Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 5.63 18 institutions) per capitaMinimum wage 5.52 1 IPO 4.20 34




5.98 2


5.82 7

BH

I


State IndexNEW YORK Index Overall Rank

4.43 34



State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 2.23 50Workers' compensation premium rates 4.13 43Bond rating: composite 3.69 48

Budget surplus, % of GSP 5.05 32Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 3.84 44Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

4.17 43






4.52 36

Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 5.84 10 Unemployment rate 4.35 38Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 7.41 2 Percent of adults who are in the labor force 3.84 44

Technology subindex 5.29 17 Technology subindex 5.29 17NIH support to institutions per capita 5.61 9Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 5.25 15Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 6.26 4S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 5.70 9

Business incubation subindex 4.88 31 Business incubation subindex 4.88 31Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions) 5.79 3 Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 2.74 50per capitaVenture capital investment per capita 4.97 19Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 5.11 18IPO 5.15 17Minimum wage 5.52 1Openness subindex 5.69 5 Openness subindex 5.69 5Percent of population born abroad 7.24 2


4.58 38

BH

I


Stat

e In

dex

North Carolina

NORTH CAROLINA Index Overall Rank5.06 26


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.19 20 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.19 20Workers' compensation premium rates 5.40 18 Budget surplus, % of GSP 4.21 44Bond rating: composite 6.16 8 Full-time-equivalent state and local government 4.91 31Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 5.38 20 employees per 100 residents



Infrastructure subindex 5.11 18 Infrastructure subindex 5.11 18High-speed lines by state per 1,000 residents 5.55 16 Households with installed phones, % 4.62 36Air passengers per capita 5.00 18

Human resources subindex 4.63 38 Human resources subindex 4.63 38Percentage of students at or above Proficient in 6.40 4 Percent of population without health insurance 4.26 38mathematics, grade 4 public schools Percent of population that graduated from high school,


Unemployment rate 4.16 41Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 4.00 42

Technology subindex 5.11 21 Technology subindex 5.11 21Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.83 10NIH support to institutions per capita 5.83 7


4.96 16

Venture capital investment per capita 5.29 11Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 6.65 1Minimum wage 5.52 1



4.52 37


4.94 34

BH

I


State Index

North Dakota

NORTH DAKOTA Index Overall Rank

5.86 11


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.36 14 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.36 14State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 5.18 18 Bond rating: composite 4.10 37

Workers' compensation premium rates 6.62 1 Full-time-equivalent state and local government 4.31 42Budget surplus, % of GSP 5.81 7 employees per 100 residents


Security subindex 5.62 10 Security subindex 5.62 10Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 6.58 3 The BGA Integrity Index 4.25 39Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 6.47 1

Infrastructure subindex 5.28 10 Infrastructure subindex 5.28 10Average travel time to work 7.02 2 High-speed lines by state per 1,000 residents 3.54 45Electricity prices per million BTU 5.79 10 Air passengers per capita 4.42 37Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 5.85 9


5.98 7


5.29 17


5.37 17

Technology subindex 4.88 30 Technology subindex 4.88 30Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 6.13 7 NIH support to institutions per capita 4.34 39Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 5.66 11 Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 4.13 44S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 5.58 12 Scientists and engineers/labor force 4.10 41

Percentage of total wage and salary jobs in high technology industries

4.21 36


per capita IPO 4.20 34Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 5.72 15Minimum wage 5.52 1



5.83 13


5.73 12

BH

I


Stat

e In

dex

Ohio

OHIO Index Overall Rank3.92 43



Full-time-equivalent state and local government 5.42 20 Workers' compensation premium rates 4.45 38employees per 100 residents Budget surplus, % of GSP 4.47 43


Security subindex 5.24 19 Security subindex 5.24 19The BGA Integrity Index 5.75 14

Infrastructure subindex 5.00 23 Infrastructure subindex 5.00 23Air passengers per capita 4.43 34

Human resources subindex 5.08 24 Human resources subindex 5.08 24Percent of population without health insurance 5.64 18 Unemployment rate 4.54 34Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 5.35 13 Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 4.54 36


5.66 10

Technology subindex 4.74 33 Technology subindex 4.74 33Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 5.17 16 Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.45 36

S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 4.53 35Percentage of total wage and salary jobs in high technology industries

4.33 35

Business incubation subindex 4.56 44 Business incubation subindex 4.56 44Total deposits (commercial banks and savings 5.02 11 Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 3.83 48institutions) per capita IPO 4.27 33Minimum wage 5.52 1 Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 4.09 41

Openness subindex 4.84 27 Openness subindex 4.84 27Exports per capita, dollars 5.54 13 Percent of population born abroad 4.26 35


2.45 49


3.78 44

BH

I


State IndexOKLAHOMA Index Overall Rank

4.42 35



Budget surplus, % of GSP 5.04 33Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 4.68 37


Infrastructure subindex 5.23 13 Infrastructure subindex 5.23 13Average travel time to work 5.94 9 Households with installed phones, % 4.72 33Electricity prices per million BTU 5.51 19 Air passengers per capita 4.42 36Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 5.98 1


4.92 32


4.31 39


3.74 43

Technology subindex 4.47 37 Technology subindex 4.47 37Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.50 34NIH support to institutions per capita 4.32 40Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 4.40 36Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 4.48 34Scientists and engineers/labor force 4.32 36Percentage of total wage and salary jobs in high technology industries

4.35 33

Business incubation subindex 5.14 16 Business incubation subindex 5.14 16IPO 5.79 8 Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions) 4.64 39Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 5.92 10 per capita

Minimum wage 5.52 1 Venture capital investment per capita 4.52 31Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.42 33



5.78 16

BH

I


Stat

e In

dex

OREGON Index Overall Rank

5.57 16


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 4.97 29 Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.97 29State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 5.37 14 Bond rating: composite 4.10 37Workers' compensation premium rates 5.54 17 Budget surplus, % of GSP 4.74 38Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 5.59 12 Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 4.50 36

Security subindex 5.23 20 Security subindex 5.23 20Crime index change 2001-2002, % 5.54 14 Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.10 41Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.99 9The BGA Integrity Index 5.29 19

Infrastructure subindex 5.41 6 Infrastructure subindex 5.41 6Households with installed phones, % 5.54 16 Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 5.00 32High-speed lines by state per 1,000 residents 5.82 12Air passengers per capita 4.88 19Average travel time to work 5.38 16Electricity prices per million BTU 5.82 9

Human resources subindex 4.81 32 Human resources subindex 4.81 32Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting 5.64 10 Percent of population without health insurance 4.28 36institutions per 1,000 residents Unemployment rate 2.53 50Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 6.11 5 Percent of adults who are in the labor force 4.56 33

Technology subindex 5.19 19 Technology subindex 5.19 19NIH support to institutions per capita 5.11 17 Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 4.35 37Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 5.96 8Scientists and engineers/labor force 5.63 15Percentage of total wage and salary jobs in high technology industries

5.56 17

Business incubation subindex 4.55 45 Business incubation subindex 4.55 45Venture capital investment per capita 5.02 16 Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions) 4.50 46

Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 5.88 10 per capitaPercent of labor force that is represented by unions 4.39 36Minimum wage 2.74 47



5.89 8


5.84 6

BH

I


State Index

y

PENNSYLVANIA Index Overall Rank4.79 30



Budget surplus, % of GSP 5.57 14Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 6.61 2

Security subindex 5.25 18 Security subindex 5.25 18Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 6.14 8 The BGA Integrity Index 4.14 40Crime index change 2001-2002, % 5.89 7

Infrastructure subindex 4.99 24 Infrastructure subindex 4.99 24Households with installed phones, % 5.88 9 High-speed lines by state per 1,000 residents 4.68 32Air passengers per capita 4.85 20 Average travel time to work 4.57 37


Human resources subindex 5.12 23 Human resources subindex 5.12 23Percent of population without health insurance 5.83 17 Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting 4.00 45Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 6.30 8 institutions per 1,000 residents


5.66 10 Percent of adults who are in the labor force 4.25 40

Technology subindex 5.29 16 Technology subindex 5.29 16Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.83 10NIH support to institutions per capita 5.79 8Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 5.38 13



per capita Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 4.45 35Venture capital investment per capita 4.85 20IPO 5.61 12Minimum wage 5.52 1



3.72 44


3.98 43

BH

I


Stat

e In

dex

Rhode Isalnd

RHODE ISLAND Index Overall Rank

4.72 31


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 4.24 46 Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.24 46Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees 6.03 5 State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 3.75 45

per 100 residents Workers' compensation premium rates 3.92 45Bond rating: composite 4.10 37


Security subindex 5.71 8 Security subindex 5.71 8Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.39 20Crime index change 2001-2002, % 5.42 18The BGA Integrity Index 6.74 2

Infrastructure subindex 4.79 37 Infrastructure subindex 4.79 37Households with installed phones, % 5.54 16 Electricity prices per million BTU 3.44 44High-speed lines by state per 1,000 residents 6.09 8 Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 3.33 44Air passengers per capita 5.16 14Average travel time to work 5.15 20

Human resources subindex 5.35 17 Human resources subindex 5.35 17Percent of population without health insurance 6.15 4 Percent of population that graduated from high school, 3.67 43Unemployment rate 5.30 19 persons 25 years and olderPercent of students enrolled in degree-granting institutions per 1,000 residents

6.09 5 Percentage of students at or above Proficient in mathematics, grade 4 public schools

4.48 36


Technology subindex 5.46 10 Technology subindex 5.46 10Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.58 15NIH support to institutions per capita 6.01 4Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 5.00 20Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 5.26 19S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 6.70 3

Business incubation subindex 4.47 47 Business incubation subindex 4.47 47Venture capital investment per capita 5.18 14 IPO 4.20 34Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 5.18 16 Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 4.20 40

Minimum wage 3.18 43



5.91 5 Greenhouse Gas Emissions (metric tons of carbon equivalent per 1,000 sq. miles)

4.97 32

BH

I


State IndexSOUTH CAROLINA Index Overall Rank

4.15 40


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.67 1 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.67 1State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 5.75 7 Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees 4.66 38Workers' compensation premium rates 5.86 10 per 100 residentsBond rating: composite 6.57 1




Infrastructure subindex 4.96 28 Infrastructure subindex 4.96 28Electricity prices per million BTU 5.67 13 High-speed lines by state per 1,000 residents 4.54 36



3.62 46


4.21 40


Technology subindex 4.29 42 Technology subindex 4.29 42NIH support to institutions per capita 4.45 35Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 4.38 37Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 3.67 48S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 4.50 36Scientists and engineers/labor force 4.18 39Percentage of total wage and salary jobs in high technology industries

3.95 43

Business incubation subindex 4.92 28 Business incubation subindex 4.92 28Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 6.38 2 Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions) 4.53 45Minimum wage 5.52 1 per capita



Environmental policy subindex 4.74 33Toxic release inventory, on-site and off-site, total (new and original industries), pounds/1,000 sq. miles

4.45 39

BH

I


Stat

e In

dex

South Dakota

SOUTH DAKOTA Index Overall Rank5.13 23


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.50 5 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.50 5State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 5.75 7 Bond rating: composite 4.10 37




Infrastructure subindex 4.94 29 Infrastructure subindex 4.94 29Average travel time to work 7.08 1 Households with installed phones, % 4.29 40

High-speed lines by state per 1,000 residents 3.04 50Air passengers per capita 4.35 39

Human resources subindex 5.43 13 Human resources subindex 5.43 13Percent of population without health insurance 5.62 19 Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting 4.01 44Percent of population that graduated from high school, 5.71 12 institutions per 1,000 residentspersons 25 years and older Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 4.75 31Unemployment rate 6.93 1 Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.20 40Percent of adults who are in the labor force 6.87 2Percentage of students at or above Proficient in mathematics, grade 4 public schools

5.37 17

Technology subindex 4.32 41 Technology subindex 4.32 41S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 5.93 7 Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 3.19 50

NIH support to institutions per capita 4.27 41Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 4.21 42Scientists and engineers/labor force 3.67 47Percentage of total wage and salary jobs in high technology industries

4.19 37

Business incubation subindex 4.85 35 Business incubation subindex 4.85 35Total deposits (commercial banks and savings 5.16 8 Venture capital investment per capita 4.39 41institutions) per capita Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 3.63 50Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 6.19 4 IPO 4.20 34Minimum wage 5.52 1



5.96 3


5.94 2

BH

I


State IndexTENNESSEE Index Overall Rank

4.13 41







Infrastructure subindex 5.10 19 Infrastructure subindex 5.10 19Electricity prices per million BTU 5.73 11 Households with installed phones, % 4.62 36Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 5.96 4 High-speed lines by state per 1,000 residents 4.77 31

Average travel time to work 4.68 33


3.67 43


3.98 47


3.89 41

Technology subindex 4.26 43 Technology subindex 4.26 43NIH support to institutions per capita 5.11 18 Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.12 39

Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 4.42 34Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 4.23 42


4.02 41

Business incubation subindex 5.06 21 Business incubation subindex 5.06 21Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.98 20Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 5.68 17

Minimum wage 5.52 1

Openness subindex 4.72 33 Openness subindex 4.72 33Exports per capita, dollars 5.13 18 Percent of population born abroad 4.21 39


3.68 45


4.85 36

BH

I


Stat

e In

dex

Texas

TEXAS Index Overall Rank5.21 21



Bond rating: composite 5.34 18 Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 4.51 35Budget surplus, % of GSP 5.91 1 Full-time-equivalent state and local government 4.85 33



Infrastructure subindex 4.93 30 Infrastructure subindex 4.93 30Air passengers per capita 5.23 13 Households with installed phones, % 4.09 41Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 5.70 13 Average travel time to work 4.59 36


Human resources subindex 4.18 45 Human resources subindex 4.18 45Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 5.77 13 Percent of population without health insurance 2.31 50


2.66 50


4.34 38


Technology subindex 4.94 27 Technology subindex 4.94 27Scientists and engineers/labor force 5.34 17 Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.71 32Percentage of total wage and salary jobs in high technology industries


Business incubation subindex 5.16 14 Business incubation subindex 5.16 14Venture capital investment per capita 5.11 15 Total deposits (commercial banks and savings 4.70 34IPO 5.23 16 institutions) per capitaPercent of labor force that is represented by unions 6.11 7 Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.29 37

Minimum wage 5.52 1


BH

I


State Index

Utah

UTAH Index Overall Rank

6.94 2


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.39 13 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.39 13Workers' compensation premium rates 6.05 8 State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 4.04 44Bond rating: composite 6.57 1Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 5.42 20

Security subindex 4.71 36 Security subindex 4.71 36 Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.99 8 Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.52 33

Crime index change 2001-2002, % 3.44 46

Infrastructure subindex 5.53 3 Infrastructure subindex 5.53 3Households with installed phones, % 6.27 3 High-speed lines by state per 1,000 residents 4.31 38Air passengers per capita 5.80 6 Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 5.12 31Average travel time to work 5.76 12Electricity prices per million BTU 5.90 5

Human resources subindex 5.89 5 Human resources subindex 5.89 5Percent of population without health insurance 5.48 20 Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.13 44


5.90 9


9.17 1

Percent of adults who are in the labor force 5.95 11Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 6.52 2



5.90 11


6.17 2

Venture capital investment per capita 4.99 18Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 6.56 5Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 6.11 7

Minimum wage 5.52 1




4.73 31

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Stat

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Vermont

VERMONT Index Overall Rank

6.10 8




4.52 40


Infrastructure subindex 4.75 39 Infrastructure subindex 4.75 39Households with installed phones, % 6.22 5 High-speed lines by state per 1,000 residents 4.43 37Average travel time to work 5.59 14 Air passengers per capita 4.42 35


Human resources subindex 5.93 3 Human resources subindex 5.93 3Percent of population without health insurance 6.34 2 Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting institutions 4.14 41Percent of population that graduated from high school, persons 25 years and older

5.77 11 per 1,000 residents

Unemployment rate 5.97 11Percent of adults who are in the labor force 6.05 8Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 6.04 7Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 6.63 6Percentage of students at or above Proficient in mathematics, grade 4 public schools

6.54 2

Technology subindex 5.93 4 Technology subindex 5.93 4Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.72 14 Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 4.05 44NIH support to institutions per capita 5.86 6Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 6.92 2S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 7.92 1Scientists and engineers/labor force 5.33 18Percentage of total wage and salary jobs in high technology industries

5.73 15

Business incubation subindex 4.53 46 Business incubation subindex 4.53 46Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 5.40 14 Venture capital investment per capita 4.40 38

IPO 4.20 34Minimum wage 3.18 43



6.03 1


5.74 11

BH

I


State Index

Virginia

VIRGINIA Index Overall Rank

6.06 9



Workers' compensation premium rates 6.28 3Bond rating: composite 6.57 1

Security subindex 5.08 22 Security subindex 5.08 22Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.84 13 Crime index change 2001-2002, % 4.99 33


Infrastructure subindex 5.06 21 Infrastructure subindex 5.06 21High-speed lines by state per 1,000 residents 5.42 18 Average travel time to work 3.98 43Air passengers per capita 5.12 16


5.48 20 Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 4.61 35


5.66 8


5.66 10

Technology subindex 5.45 11 Technology subindex 5.45 11Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 5.69 10 Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.05 40

S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 5.59 11 Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 4.43 32Scientists and engineers/labor force 7.18 2Percentage of total wage and salary jobs in high technology industries

6.34 6


4.96 14

Venture capital investment per capita 5.20 13IPO 5.92 6Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 5.95 9Minimum wage 5.52 1




4.96 33

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Stat

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Washington

WASHINGTON Index Overall Rank

6.81 3


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.09 23 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.09 23Workers' compensation premium rates 6.08 7 Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 3.02 48Bond rating: composite 5.34 18Budget surplus, % of GSP 5.76 10


5.53 15

Security subindex 5.11 21 Security subindex 5.11 21Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.61 19 Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 3.86 45The BGA Integrity Index 6.01 11 Crime index change 2001-2002, % 4.95 34

Infrastructure subindex 5.22 14 Infrastructure subindex 5.22 14Households with installed phones, % 5.35 20 Average travel time to work 4.27 41High-speed lines by state per 1,000 residents 5.93 11 Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 4.74 35Air passengers per capita 5.13 15Electricity prices per million BTU 5.89 6

Human resources subindex 5.01 26 Human resources subindex 5.01 26Percent of population that graduated from high school, 5.82 10 Percent of population without health insurance 4.74 31persons 25 years and older Unemployment rate 3.20 48Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting institutions per 1,000 residents

5.17 20 Percent of adults who are in the labor force 4.61 32

Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 5.84 10



5.66 10

Technology subindex 5.66 8 Technology subindex 5.66 8NIH support to institutions per capita 6.07 3 Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 4.18 43

Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 5.47 13 S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 4.67 33Scientists and engineers/labor force 7.21 1Percentage of total wage and salary jobs in high technology industries

7.14 1

Business incubation subindex 5.57 5 Business incubation subindex 5.57 5Venture capital investment per capita 5.82 5 Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions) 4.69 37Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 8.00 1 per capitaIPO 8.74 1 Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 3.59 45

Minimum wage 2.58 50



5.86 12


5.52 19

BH

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State Index

West Virginia

WEST VIRGINIA Index Overall Rank3.58 48


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.08 25 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.08 25Budget surplus, % of GSP 5.91 1 State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 4.32 41


Full-time-equivalent state and local government 5.65 10

Security subindex 5.88 2 Security subindex 5.88 2Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 6.47 4Crime index change 2001-2002, % 5.45 15Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.56 20The BGA Integrity Index 6.04 8Infrastructure subindex 4.86 34 Infrastructure subindex 4.86 34Electricity prices per million BTU 5.97 4 High-speed lines by state per 1,000 residents 3.77 44Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 5.83 10 Air passengers per capita 4.11 49

Average travel time to work 4.30 40


3.06 49


4.01 43


3.89 41



3.94 44


capita4.62 41



Percent of population born abroad 3.94 50


3.60 46


4.22 42

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Wisconsin

WISCONSIN Index Overall Rank

5.66 13


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 4.73 40 Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.73 40Workers' compensation premium rates 5.33 20 State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 3.66 47


Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 5.46 18 Budget surplus, % of GSP 4.18 45

Security subindex 5.98 1 Security subindex 5.98 1Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.73 15Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.69 16The BGA Integrity Index 7.14 1

Infrastructure subindex 5.33 9 Infrastructure subindex 5.33 9Households with installed phones, % 5.88 9 Air passengers per capita 4.39 38Average travel time to work 5.56 15Electricity prices per million BTU 5.52 17


5.69 15


5.51 15

Technology subindex 5.07 22 Technology subindex 5.07 22Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.81 12 Percentage of total wage and salary jobs in high 4.15 38NIH support to institutions per capita 5.10 19 technology industriesPatents per 100,000 inhabitants 5.34 14Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 5.29 18


per capita Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 4.32 39Minimum wage 5.52 1

Openness subindex 4.73 32 Openness subindex 4.73 32Exports per capita, dollars 5.08 19 Incoming FDI per capita, dollars 4.70 33



BH

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State Index

y g

WYOMING Index Overall Rank5.69 12


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 4.90 34 Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.90 34State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 5.75 7 Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees 1.26 50




Infrastructure subindex 5.26 12 Infrastructure subindex 5.26 12Households with installed phones, % 5.69 15 High-speed lines by state per 1,000 residents 3.52 46Average travel time to work 6.41 5 Air passengers per capita 4.32 42Electricity prices per million BTU 6.24 2

Human resources subindex 5.43 14 Human resources subindex 5.43 14Percent of population that graduated from high school, 6.30 3 Percent of population without health insurance 4.63 32persons 25 years and older Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting 4.39 36Unemployment rate 6.17 7 institutions per 1,000 residentsPercent of adults who are in the labor force 6.31 4 Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 3.77 48Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 5.77 13Percentage of students at or above Proficient in mathematics, grade 4 public schools

6.10 8

Technology subindex 4.41 39 Technology subindex 4.41 39Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 5.31 17 Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 3.86 43

S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 5.36 17 NIH support to institutions per capita 4.19 45Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 4.43 33Scientists and engineers/labor force 4.25 37Percentage of total wage and salary jobs in high technology industries

3.45 50

Business incubation subindex 5.23 13 Business incubation subindex 5.23 13Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 6.87 4 Venture capital investment per capita 4.37 49Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 5.58 20 IPO 4.20 34Minimum wage 5.52 1




5.94 4


5.76 10

BH

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Metro Area Indices

Metro Area Indexes

BH

I


Metro A

rea Index

y

ALBANY Index Overall Rank4.90 24



Workers' compensation premium rates 4.74 35Bond rating: S&P/Moody's composite 3.93 40Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 3.94 40State bond rating 3.97 43State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 2.25 48

Security subindex 6.10 2 Security subindex 6.10 2Thefts per 100,000 inhabitants 6.48 4Crime index change 2001-2002, % 6.08 6Violent crimes per 100,000 inhabitants 6.08 7Murders per 100,000 inhabitants 5.76 10Infrastructure subindex 5.27 11 Infrastructure subindex 5.27 11High-speed broadband lines per 1,000 residents 6.12 5 Air passengers per capita 4.21 42Travel time to work 7.31 1 Electricity prices per million BTU 3.15 44Average 2 bedroom rent 5.58 16


5.81 9

Non-federal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 7.27 2Percent of adults in the labor force 6.41 4Unemployment rate 6.19 6Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 5.88 10Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting institutions per 1,000 residents

5.38 12

Technology Subindex 4.78 32 Technology Subindex 4.78 32Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 6.32 4 New patents issued per 100,000 inhabitants 4.57 34inhabitants Percentage of computer and engineering jobs 3.35 50

Business incubation subindex 4.67 36 Business incubation subindex 4.67 36New publicly traded companies 5.00 14 Total deposits (commercial banks and savings 4.58 35Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 5.20 16 institutions) per capitaForbes Cost of Doing Business Index 5.33 20 Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 2.92 48


Environmental policy subindex 4.60 38 Environmental policy subindex 4.60 38Toxic release, pounds per sq. mile 5.36 4 High ozone days 3.33 50Pollution standards index 5.67 10

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Atlanta

ATLANTA Index Overall Rank

5.79 11


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 6.09 9 Government and fiscal policy subindex 6.09 9State bond rating 6.38 4 State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 4.91 32

Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 6.43 4Workers' compensation premium rates 5.52 19

Security subindex 5.04 26 Security subindex 5.04 26Crime index change 2001-2002, % 5.41 16

Infrastructure subindex 5.26 12 Infrastructure subindex 5.26 12Air passengers per capita 7.14 3 Travel time to work 3.12 47Electricity prices per million BTU 5.58 18High-speed broadband lines per 1,000 residents 5.48 19

Human resources subindex 4.77 38 Human resources subindex 4.77 38Unemployment rate 6.08 9 Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 3.54 47Percent of adults in the labor force 5.31 18 Non-federal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 3.99 47Percent of population that graduated from high school, persons 25 years and older


3.80 48

Technology Subindex 5.06 18 Technology Subindex 5.06 18IT employment 6.55 7 NIH support to institutions per capita 4.69 32Percentage of computer and engineering jobs 5.46 14 New patents issued per 100,000 inhabitants 4.51 38Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.26 15 Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 3.88 46

Business incubation subindex 5.23 12 Business incubation subindex 5.23 12Entrepreneurial Activity Index 6.49 2 Forbes Cost of Doing Business Index 4.28 38New publicly traded companies 5.29 7Venture capital investment per capita 5.09 9Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 5.91 11

Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions) per capita

4.82 20

Openness subindex 4.78 21 Openness subindex 4.78 21Percent of population born abroad 5.01 20 Exports per capita 4.55 34

Environmental policy subindex 5.16 20 Environmental policy subindex 5.16 20Pollution standards index 5.67 10 Toxic release, pounds per sq. mile 5.00 40

BH

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Metro A

rea IndexAUSTIN Index Overall Rank

6.21 7



Bond rating: S&P/Moody's composite 5.63 14State bond rating 5.35 17

Security subindex 5.44 14 Security subindex 5.44 14Murders per 100,000 inhabitants 5.93 6Violent crimes per 100,000 inhabitants 5.97 9

Infrastructure subindex 4.60 43 Infrastructure subindex 4.60 43High-speed broadband lines per 1,000 residents 4.38 32Air passengers per capita 4.49 32Average 2 bedroom rent 4.10 44

Human resources subindex 4.96 28 Human resources subindex 4.96 28Percent of adults in the labor force 6.27 6 Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting 4.14 40Percent of population that graduated from high school, 5.59 13 institutions per 1,000 residentspersons 25 years and older Non-federal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.02 43Unemployment rate 5.66 15 Percent of population without health insurance 3.21 47Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 5.80 15

Technology Subindex 5.87 4 Technology Subindex 5.87 4New patents issued per 100,000 inhabitants 9.05 2 Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 4.69 31Percentage of computer and engineering jobs 6.93 4 inhabitantsIT employment 5.21 14 NIH support to institutions per capita 4.56 35

Business incubation subindex 4.93 24 Business incubation subindex 4.93 24Entrepreneurial Activity Index 6.38 4 Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 4.66 32New publicly traded companies 5.95 4 Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.28 37Venture capital investment per capita 4.83 20 Forbes Cost of Doing Business Index 4.30 37


4.11 46

Openness subindex 6.15 7 Openness subindex 6.15 7Exports per capita 7.05 2Percent of population born abroad 5.25 14Environmental policy subindex 5.29 17 Environmental policy subindex 5.29 17Toxic release, pounds per sq. mile 5.36 3Pollution standards index 5.83 3

BH

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Met

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Inde

xBOSTON Index Overall Rank

6.77 4


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 4.52 37 Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.52 37State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 5.71 12 State bond rating 4.72 34Workers' compensation premium rates 5.71 10 Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 2.22 50

Security subindex 5.93 3 Security subindex 5.93 3Thefts per 100,000 inhabitants 6.71 2Murders per 100,000 inhabitants 6.04 4Violent crimes per 100,000 inhabitants 5.86 10

Infrastructure subindex 4.53 45 Infrastructure subindex 4.53 45High-speed broadband lines per 1,000 residents 7.26 1 Travel time to work 4.14 42

Electricity prices per million BTU 3.25 43Average 2 bedroom rent 3.44 47

Human resources subindex 5.93 4 Human resources subindex 5.93 4Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 6.72 1Non-federal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 7.35 1Percent of population without health insurance 5.99 6Percent of population that graduated from high school, persons 25 years and older

5.84 8

Unemployment rate 5.56 16

Technology Subindex 6.82 1 Technology Subindex 6.82 1Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 7.83 1 New patents issued per 100,000 inhabitants 4.57 33Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 8.72 1

NIH support to institutions per capita 7.55 2Percentage of computer and engineering jobs 6.74 5IT employment 5.48 12

Business incubation subindex 5.79 5 Business incubation subindex 5.79 5Venture capital investment per capita 8.30 1 Entrepreneurial Activity Index 3.52 46Forbes Cost of Doing Business Index 6.80 2New publicly traded companies 6.05 3Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions) per capita

5.73 6

Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 5.09 20

Openness subindex 5.29 14 Openness subindex 5.29 14Exports per capita 5.31 10Percent of population born abroad 5.28 13Environmental policy subindex 4.74 33 Environmental policy subindex 4.74 33Toxic release, pounds per sq. mile 5.32 12 Pollution standards index 4.91 31

BH

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Metro A

rea Index

Buffalo

BUFFALO Index Overall Rank

4.08 43



State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 2.25 48Workers' compensation premium rates 4.74 35Bond rating: S&P/Moody's composite 2.86 50State bond rating 3.97 43Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 3.94 40

Security subindex 5.82 5 Security subindex 5.82 5Crime index change 2001-2002, % 5.82 8Violent crimes per 100,000 inhabitants 5.58 18Thefts per 100,000 inhabitants 6.22 7Murders per 100,000 inhabitants 5.67 12Infrastructure subindex 5.15 20 Infrastructure subindex 5.15 20High-speed broadband lines per 1,000 residents 6.12 5 Air passengers per capita 4.23 41Travel time to work 6.38 3 Electricity prices per million BTU 3.15 44Average 2 bedroom rent 5.89 10

Human resources subindex 5.31 12 Human resources subindex 5.31 12Non-federal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 7.27 2 Unemployment rate 4.40 36Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 5.88 10 Percent of adults in the labor force 4.13 40Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting institutions per 1,000 residents

5.38 12

Technology Subindex 4.88 26 Technology Subindex 4.88 26Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 6.32 4 IT employment 4.23 37

Percentage of computer and engineering jobs 4.18 41

Business incubation subindex 4.40 49 Business incubation subindex 4.40 49Total deposits (commercial banks and savings 5.16 16 New publicly traded companies 4.37 43institutions) per capita Entrepreneurial Activity Index 3.56 45Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 5.20 16 Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 2.36 49Forbes Cost of Doing Business Index 5.43 19



BH

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Met

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Inde

xCHARLOTTE Index Overall Rank

5.18 21


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 6.45 1 Government and fiscal policy subindex 6.45 1Bond rating: S&P/Moody's composite 6.27 1

State bond rating 6.09 6Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 5.96 7Workers' compensation premium rates 5.72 9

Security subindex 4.59 35 Security subindex 4.59 35Thefts per 100,000 inhabitants 4.38 38Violent crimes per 100,000 inhabitants 3.84 43

Infrastructure subindex 5.61 2 Infrastructure subindex 5.61 2Air passengers per capita 7.14 4 Travel time to work 4.81 33Average 2 bedroom rent 5.64 15Electricity prices per million BTU 5.52 19


4.62 32

Percent of population without health insurance 4.70 33Non-federal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.49 38Percent of population that graduated from high school, persons 25 years and older

4.39 39


Technology Subindex 4.86 27 Technology Subindex 4.86 27Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 6.17 9 Percentage of computer and engineering jobs 4.29 36IT employment 5.12 16 Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 4.40 37New patents issued per 100,000 inhabitants 4.83 17 NIH support to institutions per capita 4.31 45

Business incubation subindex 4.66 39 Business incubation subindex 4.66 39Total deposits (commercial banks and savings 7.35 2 Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.61 32institutions) per capita New publicly traded companies 4.53 37Venture capital investment per capita 4.87 18 Forbes Cost of Doing Business Index 3.68 45Entrepreneurial Activity Index 5.47 18 Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 2.07 50

Openness subindex 4.63 31 Openness subindex 4.63 31


BH

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Metro A

rea Index

Chicago

CHICAGO Index Overall Rank3.17 50



State bond rating 4.74 33Bond rating: S&P/Moody's composite 4.57 36Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 3.60 46

Security subindex 3.60 49 Security subindex 3.60 49Crime index change 2001-2002, % 5.28 18 Thefts per 100,000 inhabitants 4.45 36

Violent crimes per 100,000 inhabitants 2.87 48Murders per 100,000 inhabitants 1.81 49

Infrastructure subindex 4.60 41 Infrastructure subindex 4.60 41Air passengers per capita 5.34 13 High-speed broadband lines per 1,000 residents 4.24 38

Travel time to work 3.11 48Average 2 bedroom rent 4.89 31

Human resources subindex 4.69 39 Human resources subindex 4.69 39Non-federal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 5.06 15 Percent of population that graduated from high school, 4.56 38

Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting 5.34 16 persons 25 years and olderinstitutions per 1,000 residents Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 4.32 39

Unemployment rate 3.67 44

Technology Subindex 4.85 29 Technology Subindex 4.85 29Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 5.95 8 Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.52 34

NIH support to institutions per capita 4.70 31New patents issued per 100,000 inhabitants 4.55 37

Business incubation subindex 4.76 33 Business incubation subindex 4.76 33Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions) 5.58 8 Venture capital investment per capita 4.41 37

per capita Entrepreneurial Activity Index 4.14 38Forbes Cost of Doing Business Index 5.69 14 Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 4.34 40New publicly traded companies 4.97 17 Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.16 41


Environmental policy subindex 4.81 32 Environmental policy subindex 4.81 32High ozone days 5.17 16 Pollution standards index 4.68 41

Toxic release, pounds per sq. mile 4.86 45

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Cincinnati

CINCINNATI Index Overall Rank3.96 46


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.28 23 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.28 23Bond rating: S&P/Moody's composite 5.84 10 State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 4.06 43State bond rating 5.50 16

Security subindex 5.23 19 Security subindex 5.23 19Violent crimes per 100,000 inhabitants 5.67 15Thefts per 100,000 inhabitants 5.26 19

Infrastructure subindex 5.32 7 Infrastructure subindex 5.32 7Average 2 bedroom rent 5.92 6 High-speed broadband lines per 1,000 residents 3.98 44Air passengers per capita 5.69 8Electricity prices per million BTU 5.68 14Travel time to work 5.34 20

Human resources subindex 5.06 23 Human resources subindex 5.06 23Percent of population without health insurance 5.84 12 Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 4.58 33Percent of adults in the labor force 5.51 16 Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting 4.39 36Non-federal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.91 18 institutions per 1,000 residentsUnemployment rate 5.24 20

Technology Subindex 4.73 34 Technology Subindex 4.73 34New patents issued per 100,000 inhabitants 5.42 7 Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.39 38NIH support to institutions per capita 4.87 20 IT employment 4.15 39

Business incubation subindex 4.56 44 Business incubation subindex 4.56 44Total deposits (commercial banks and savings 5.30 14 Forbes Cost of Doing Business Index 4.59 31institutions) per capita Entrepreneurial Activity Index 4.06 39

Venture capital investment per capita 4.37 43Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 3.78 48

Openness subindex 4.64 30 Openness subindex 4.64 30Exports per capita 5.26 17 Percent of population born abroad 4.02 49

Environmental policy subindex 1.99 49 Environmental policy subindex 1.99 49Toxic release, pounds per sq. mile 5.01 38Pollution standards index 0.50 50

BH

I


Metro A

rea IndexCLEVELAND Index Overall Rank

4.49 34


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 4.78 33 Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.78 33State bond rating 5.70 11 State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 3.82 44

Workers' compensation premium rates 4.97 31Bond rating: S&P/Moody's composite 4.57 36

Security subindex 6.44 1 Security subindex 6.44 1Crime index change 2001-2002, % 8.10 1Violent crimes per 100,000 inhabitants 5.73 13Thefts per 100,000 inhabitants 6.39 5Murders per 100,000 inhabitants 5.53 16Infrastructure subindex 4.96 34 Infrastructure subindex 4.96 34Travel time to work 5.46 18 Air passengers per capita 4.51 31

High-speed broadband lines per 1,000 residents 4.30 36

Human resources subindex 4.85 32 Human resources subindex 4.85 32Percent of population without health insurance 5.86 9 Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting 4.42 34Non-federal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 5.12 13 institutions per 1,000 residents


Technology Subindex 4.57 40 Technology Subindex 4.57 40NIH support to institutions per capita 5.14 12 New patents issued per 100,000 inhabitants 4.60 31

Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.42 36IT employment 4.15 39Percentage of computer and engineering jobs 4.21 40

Business incubation subindex 4.67 37 Business incubation subindex 4.67 37Total deposits (commercial banks and savings 5.37 12 Venture capital investment per capita 4.41 35institutions) per capita Entrepreneurial Activity Index 4.39 35Forbes Cost of Doing Business Index 5.81 12 Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 4.49 37

New publicly traded companies 4.46 42Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 3.76 49



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Columbus

COLUMBUS Index Overall Rank4.25 38


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.35 19 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.35 19Bond rating: S&P/Moody's composite 6.27 1 State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 3.82 44

State bond rating 5.70 11 Workers' compensation premium rates 4.97 31

Security subindex 4.53 37 Security subindex 4.53 37Crime index change 2001-2002, % 4.58 36Thefts per 100,000 inhabitants 3.50 45

Infrastructure subindex 5.14 22 Infrastructure subindex 5.14 22Average 2 bedroom rent 5.91 7 High-speed broadband lines per 1,000 residents 4.30 36Travel time to work 5.70 12 Air passengers per capita 4.32 37



4.42 34

Percent of adults in the labor force 5.80 10 Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 4.30 40Non-federal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 5.12 13Percent of population without health insurance 5.62 16Unemployment rate 5.45 18

Technology Subindex 5.26 13 Technology Subindex 5.26 13IT employment 7.26 2 Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.42 36NIH support to institutions per capita 5.02 14New patents issued per 100,000 inhabitants 4.93 16

Business incubation subindex 4.64 40 Business incubation subindex 4.64 40Venture capital investment per capita 4.41 35New publicly traded companies 4.52 38Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions) per capita

4.53 39



Environmental policy subindex 3.03 48 Environmental policy subindex 3.03 48Pollution standards index 2.09 49

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Metro A

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Dallas

DALLAS Index Overall Rank

5.37 13


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.69 12 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.69 12Bond rating: S&P/Moody's composite 6.27 1 Workers' compensation premium rates 4.58 39State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 6.08 3

State bond rating 5.35 17

Security subindex 4.44 40 Security subindex 4.44 40Crime index change 2001-2002, % 4.55 37Violent crimes per 100,000 inhabitants 4.34 39Thefts per 100,000 inhabitants 4.06 44Murders per 100,000 inhabitants 4.80 35


Travel time to work 4.31 39

Human resources subindex 4.31 45 Human resources subindex 4.31 45Percent of adults in the labor force 5.73 12 Unemployment rate 3.98 39Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 5.80 15 Percent of population that graduated from high school, persons



4.14 40

Non-federal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.02 43Percent of population without health insurance 2.26 49

Technology Subindex 5.17 15 Technology Subindex 5.17 15Percentage of computer and engineering jobs 6.08 8 Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 4.69 31IT employment 6.28 9 NIH support to institutions per capita 4.53 37

Business incubation subindex 5.02 20 Business incubation subindex 5.02 20Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 6.19 4 Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.28 37

Entrepreneurial Activity Index 6.05 9 Forbes Cost of Doing Business Index 4.06 40Venture capital investment per capita 4.83 20New publicly traded companies 4.92 20

Openness subindex 6.33 5 Openness subindex 6.33 5Exports per capita 7.05 2Percent of population born abroad 5.61 9Environmental policy subindex 4.96 27 Environmental policy subindex 4.96 27Toxic release, pounds per sq. mile 5.31 14 Pollution standards index 4.91 31High ozone days 4.75 20

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Denver

DENVER Index Overall Rank6.59 5


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.09 31 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.09 31Bond rating: S&P/Moody's composite 5.84 10 Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 4.29 38State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 5.69 13 State bond rating 4.31 40

Security subindex 5.16 20 Security subindex 5.16 20Murders per 100,000 inhabitants 5.50 17 Crime index change 2001-2002, % 4.55 37Violent crimes per 100,000 inhabitants 5.81 12

Infrastructure subindex 5.32 6 Infrastructure subindex 5.32 6Air passengers per capita 6.74 5 Travel time to work 4.83 32Electricity prices per million BTU 5.75 9 Average 2 bedroom rent 4.55 38

Human resources subindex 5.29 14 Human resources subindex 5.29 14Percent of population that graduated from high school, 6.09 5 Non-federal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.65 34persons 25 years and older Percent of population without health insurance 4.64 36Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 5.88 10Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting institutions per 1,000 residents

5.27 18

Percent of adults in the labor force 5.29 19Unemployment rate 5.24 20

Technology Subindex 5.53 9 Technology Subindex 5.53 9Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 6.25 7 New patents issued per 100,000 inhabitants 4.55 35Percentage of computer and engineering jobs 6.13 7 NIH support to institutions per capita 4.41 40IT employment 6.55 7Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.25 16

Business incubation subindex 5.69 6 Business incubation subindex 5.69 6Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 7.28 2 Total deposits (commercial banks and savings 4.55 37New publicly traded companies 5.63 5 institutions) per capitaVenture capital investment per capita 5.78 7Entrepreneurial Activity Index 6.09 7Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 5.62 17


Environmental policy subindex 6.06 10 Environmental policy subindex 6.06 10Toxic release, pounds per sq. mile 5.34 9High ozone days 6.25 9

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Metro A

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Detroit

DETROIT Index Overall Rank4.11 42


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 4.91 32 Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.91 32State bond rating 5.70 11 State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 4.81 36Workers' compensation premium rates 5.59 15 Bond rating: S&P/Moody's composite 3.50 44

Security subindex 4.96 29 Security subindex 4.96 29Crime index change 2001-2002, % 5.80 9 Violent crimes per 100,000 inhabitants 4.39 38Thefts per 100,000 inhabitants 5.59 16 Murders per 100,000 inhabitants 4.05 45



Human resources subindex 4.80 36 Human resources subindex 4.80 36Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting 5.55 8 Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 4.05 42institutions per 1,000 residents Unemployment rate 3.24 49Non-federal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 5.15 11Percent of adults in the labor force 5.29 20

Technology Subindex 4.95 24 Technology Subindex 4.95 24Percentage of computer and engineering jobs 6.13 6 NIH support to institutions per capita 4.47 38Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.45 12 IT employment 4.15 39Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants

5.18 16 New patents issued per 100,000 inhabitants 4.30 50

Business incubation subindex 4.66 38 Business incubation subindex 4.66 38Forbes Cost of Doing Business Index 6.05 9 Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions) per

capita4.57 36

New publicly traded companies 4.47 41Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.05 43Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 3.92 45Venture capital investment per capita 4.32 46

Openness subindex 5.24 17 Openness subindex 5.24 17Exports per capita 5.90 8

Environmental policy subindex 4.57 40 Environmental policy subindex 4.57 40Toxic release, pounds per sq. mile 4.64 47

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GRAND RAPIDS Index Overall Rank

5.32 15


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.48 13 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.48 13State bond rating 5.70 11 State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 4.81 36Workers' compensation premium rates 5.59 15

Security subindex 5.65 10 Security subindex 5.65 10Murders per 100,000 inhabitants 6.14 1Thefts per 100,000 inhabitants 5.85 12Violent crimes per 100,000 inhabitants 5.73 14

Infrastructure subindex 5.21 16 Infrastructure subindex 5.21 16Travel time to work 6.52 2 High-speed broadband lines per 1,000 residents 4.22 39Average 2 bedroom rent 5.98 4 Air passengers per capita 4.00 47

Human resources subindex 5.34 11 Human resources subindex 5.34 11Percent of adults in the labor force 7.45 1 Unemployment rate 3.77 42Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting institutions per 1,000 residents


Percent of population without health insurance 5.86 9Non-federal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 5.15 11Percent of population that graduated from high school, persons 25 years and older

5.54 15

Technology Subindex 4.69 36 Technology Subindex 4.69 36New patents issued per 100,000 inhabitants 5.13 10 Percentage of computer and engineering jobs 4.36 33Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.45 12 NIH support to institutions per capita 4.30 48Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 5.18 16 IT employment 3.70 50

Business incubation subindex 4.56 45 Business incubation subindex 4.56 45Forbes Cost of Doing Business Index 5.91 10 Entrepreneurial Activity Index 4.79 31

Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 4.51 36Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.05 43New publicly traded companies 4.37 43Venture capital investment per capita 4.32 46Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions) per capita

3.93 48



BH

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Metro A

rea IndexGREENSBORO Index Overall Rank

5.26 19


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 6.28 5 Government and fiscal policy subindex 6.28 5Bond rating: S&P/Moody's composite 6.06 7State bond rating 6.04 7Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 5.84 8

Workers' compensation premium rates 5.67 12

Security subindex 5.37 16 Security subindex 5.37 16Crime index change 2001-2002, % 6.10 5 Thefts per 100,000 inhabitants 4.72 31Violent crimes per 100,000 inhabitants 5.52 19

Infrastructure subindex 5.36 5 Infrastructure subindex 5.36 5Travel time to work 6.03 7 Air passengers per capita 4.29 38Average 2 bedroom rent 5.88 11High-speed broadband lines per 1,000 residents 5.12 20Electricity prices per million BTU 5.47 20

Human resources subindex 4.46 43 Human resources subindex 4.46 43Percent of population without health insurance 4.81 32Non-federal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.54 36Percent of population that graduated from high school, persons 25 years and older

3.86 44


Technology Subindex 4.69 35 Technology Subindex 4.69 35Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 6.35 5 Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 4.60 35New patents issued per 100,000 inhabitants 5.05 14 NIH support to institutions per capita 4.34 43

IT employment 4.06 44Percentage of computer and engineering jobs 3.75 48

Business incubation subindex 4.69 35 Business incubation subindex 4.69 35Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 6.28 3 Forbes Cost of Doing Business Index 3.51 48Venture capital investment per capita 4.98 12 Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions)

per capita3.68 50



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Hartford

HARTFORD Index Overall Rank

5.20 20


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 4.67 34 Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.67 34Bond rating: S&P/Moody's composite 5.84 10 Workers' compensation premium rates 4.96 33

State bond rating 4.66 35State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 4.51 39


Security subindex 5.80 6 Security subindex 5.80 6Crime index change 2001-2002, % 5.19 19Violent crimes per 100,000 inhabitants 6.16 5Thefts per 100,000 inhabitants 5.99 10Murders per 100,000 inhabitants 5.86 9Infrastructure subindex 5.13 23 Infrastructure subindex 5.13 23High-speed broadband lines per 1,000 residents 6.66 2 Electricity prices per million BTU 4.09 40Travel time to work 5.78 11 Average 2 bedroom rent 4.43 41

Human resources subindex 5.27 15 Human resources subindex 5.27 15Non-federal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 6.71 7 Unemployment rate 4.72 32Percent of population without health insurance 5.97 8 Percent of adults in the labor force 4.66 32Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 5.63 20 Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting institutions per

1,000 residents3.92 46

Technology Subindex 5.40 11 Technology Subindex 5.40 11Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 6.87 2 IT employment 4.06 44

NIH support to institutions per capita 6.23 3Percentage of computer and engineering jobs 5.79 10

Business incubation subindex 4.70 34 Business incubation subindex 4.70 34Forbes Cost of Doing Business Index 6.08 8 Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 4.67 31Venture capital investment per capita 4.94 14 New publicly traded companies 4.66 31Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions) 5.24 15 Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.35 35

per capita Entrepreneurial Activity Index 2.98 50



BH

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Metro A

rea IndexHOUSTON Index Overall Rank

4.53 33





Infrastructure subindex 4.82 40 Infrastructure subindex 4.82 40Air passengers per capita 5.20 16 High-speed broadband lines per 1,000 residents 4.38 32Average 2 bedroom rent 5.53 19 Travel time to work 3.88 43

Human resources subindex 3.94 48 Human resources subindex 3.94 48Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 5.80 15 Percent of adults in the labor force 4.33 37


4.14 40

Unemployment rate 3.77 42Non-federal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.02 43Percent of population that graduated from high school, persons 25 years and older

3.25 47

Percent of population without health insurance 2.26 49

Technology Subindex 4.79 31 Technology Subindex 4.79 31New patents issued per 100,000 inhabitants 5.06 13 Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 4.69 31NIH support to institutions per capita 4.99 15 IT employment 4.06 44Percentage of computer and engineering jobs 5.15 19

Business incubation subindex 5.04 18 Business incubation subindex 5.04 18Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 6.19 4 Forbes Cost of Doing Business Index 4.37 35Entrepreneurial Activity Index 5.84 12 Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.28 37New publicly traded companies 4.98 15Venture capital investment per capita 4.83 20

Openness subindex 6.60 2 Openness subindex 6.60 2Exports per capita 7.05 2Percent of population born abroad 6.15 6Environmental policy subindex 4.73 34 Environmental policy subindex 4.73 34Pollution standards index 5.55 15 Toxic release, pounds per sq. mile 4.67 46

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Indianapolis

INDIANAPOLIS Index Overall Rank4.39 36


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 6.34 3 Government and fiscal policy subindex 6.34 3Workers' compensation premium rates 6.45 1 State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 4.81 36Bond rating: S&P/Moody's composite 6.27 1State bond rating 5.70 11Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 5.76 11

Security subindex 4.52 39 Security subindex 4.52 39Thefts per 100,000 inhabitants 5.39 18 Violent crimes per 100,000 inhabitants 4.90 31

Murders per 100,000 inhabitants 4.82 34Crime index change 2001-2002, % 2.96 49

Infrastructure subindex 5.04 27 Infrastructure subindex 5.04 27Electricity prices per million BTU 6.08 4 Air passengers per capita 4.40 34Average 2 bedroom rent 5.90 8 High-speed broadband lines per 1,000 residents 3.29 49Travel time to work 5.51 14

Human resources subindex 4.88 31 Human resources subindex 4.88 31Percent of adults in the labor force 5.40 17 Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 4.46 36Percent of population that graduated from high school, persons 25 years and older


4.24 38

Unemployment rate 5.35 19 Non-federal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.05 41

Technology Subindex 4.68 37 Technology Subindex 4.68 37New patents issued per 100,000 inhabitants 5.12 12 Percentage of computer and engineering jobs 4.34 34

IT employment 4.15 39

Business incubation subindex 4.44 47 Business incubation subindex 4.44 47Forbes Cost of Doing Business Index 4.52 33New publicly traded companies 4.53 36Entrepreneurial Activity Index 4.03 40Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions) per capita

4.37 41

Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.03 45Venture capital investment per capita 4.29 48



BH

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Metro A

rea Index

J c so v e

JACKSONVILLE Index Overall Rank

4.71 28


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.29 21 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.29 21State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 5.98 7 Workers' compensation premium rates 3.41 43Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 5.70 12Bond rating: S&P/Moody's composite 5.42 17State bond rating 5.35 17


Infrastructure subindex 5.10 24 Infrastructure subindex 5.10 24High-speed broadband lines per 1,000 residents 6.05 12 Electricity prices per million BTU 4.98 33

Travel time to work 4.73 35Air passengers per capita 4.37 36

Human resources subindex 4.80 37 Human resources subindex 4.80 37Unemployment rate 5.24 20 Percent of population without health insurance 4.68 35

Percent of adults in the labor force 4.34 36

Technology Subindex 4.28 46 Technology Subindex 4.28 46Percentage of computer and engineering jobs 4.62 31IT employment 4.50 31Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 3.98 41

NIH support to institutions per capita 4.35 42Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 3.58 46

Business incubation subindex 5.23 13 Business incubation subindex 5.23 13Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 6.30 6 Venture capital investment per capita 4.39 38Entrepreneurial Activity Index 6.09 7 New publicly traded companies 4.37 43Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions) per capita

4.83 19

Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 5.55 19

Openness subindex 4.27 44 Openness subindex 4.27 44Exports per capita 4.16 41Percent of population born abroad 4.38 33

Environmental policy subindex 6.68 2 Environmental policy subindex 6.68 2Pollution standards index 5.95 1 Toxic release, pounds per sq. mile 5.07 32High ozone days 6.90 5

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Kansas City

KANSAS CITY Index Overall Rank5.85 10


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.94 11 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.94 11State bond rating 6.11 5Workers' compensation premium rates 5.67 11


Infrastructure subindex 5.28 10 Infrastructure subindex 5.28 10Travel time to work 5.78 10 High-speed broadband lines per 1,000 residents 4.44 31Average 2 bedroom rent 5.79 13Electricity prices per million BTU 5.71 13

Human resources subindex 5.47 7 Human resources subindex 5.47 7Percent of adults in the labor force 6.81 3 Unemployment rate 4.61 33Percent of population that graduated from high school, 6.12 4 Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 4.55 34persons 25 years and older Non-federal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.63 35Percent of population without health insurance 6.01 5Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting institutions per 1,000 residents

5.58 7

Technology Subindex 5.37 12 Technology Subindex 5.37 12IT employment 7.17 3 NIH support to institutions per capita 4.37 41Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.49 11 New patents issued per 100,000 inhabitants 4.41 46Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 5.43 13


Business incubation subindex 4.77 32 Business incubation subindex 4.77 32New publicly traded companies 4.94 19 Venture capital investment per capita 4.44 33Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 5.34 20 Entrepreneurial Activity Index 4.68 33

Forbes Cost of Doing Business Index 4.42 34


Environmental policy subindex 5.49 12 Environmental policy subindex 5.49 12High ozone days 5.52 12

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Metro A

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Las Vegas

LAS VEGAS Index Overall Rank4.59 29


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.23 27 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.23 27Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 5.53 17 Workers' compensation premium rates 4.85 34

Security subindex 4.34 41 Security subindex 4.34 41Violent crimes per 100,000 inhabitants 4.59 36Murders per 100,000 inhabitants 4.30 44Crime index change 2001-2002, % 3.39 48

Infrastructure subindex 5.79 1 Infrastructure subindex 5.79 1Air passengers per capita 8.33 1 Average 2 bedroom rent 4.57 37High-speed broadband lines per 1,000 residents 5.70 16 Electricity prices per million BTU 4.89 38Travel time to work 5.49 17

Human resources subindex 4.49 42 Human resources subindex 4.49 42Unemployment rate 6.29 5 Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting 4.17 39Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 5.97 9 institutions per 1,000 residents


4.03 43

Percent of population without health insurance 3.54 45Percent of adults in the labor force 3.91 45Non-federal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 3.51 50

Technology Subindex 3.65 50 Technology Subindex 3.65 50Percentage of computer and engineering jobs 3.37 49IT employment 3.79 49Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 2.83 50NIH support to institutions per capita 4.29 50Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 2.94 50

Business incubation subindex 5.15 17 Business incubation subindex 5.15 17Entrepreneurial Activity Index 6.52 1 Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 4.20 43Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 6.60 4 Venture capital investment per capita 4.27 49Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions) per capita

4.98 17


Environmental policy subindex 5.58 11 Environmental policy subindex 5.58 11Toxic release, pounds per sq. mile 5.36 2High ozone days 5.37 14

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Los Angeles

LOS ANGELES Index Overall Rank4.04 44


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 3.45 45 Government and fiscal policy subindex 3.45 45Bond rating: S&P/Moody's composite 5.42 17 Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 4.67 34

Workers' compensation premium rates 2.70 48State bond rating 2.58 48


Murders per 100,000 inhabitants 3.86 46

Infrastructure subindex 4.25 48 Infrastructure subindex 4.25 48High-speed broadband lines per 1,000 residents 6.09 8 Air passengers per capita 4.38 35

Travel time to work 3.80 45Average 2 bedroom rent 3.89 45Electricity prices per million BTU 3.07 48

Human resources subindex 4.62 41 Human resources subindex 4.62 41Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting 6.95 2 Percent of adults in the labor force 4.52 35institutions per 1,000 residents Percent of population without health insurance 4.33 42Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 6.22 4 Unemployment rate 3.24 49


2.30 50

Technology Subindex 5.17 16 Technology Subindex 5.17 16IT employment 6.90 4 NIH support to institutions per capita 4.62 33Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.19 17 New patents issued per 100,000 inhabitants 4.44 43Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 5.17 18

Business incubation subindex 5.49 8 Business incubation subindex 5.49 8Venture capital investment per capita 7.58 2 Total deposits (commercial banks and savings 4.59 34Forbes Cost of Doing Business Index 6.75 4 institutions) per capitaEmployer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 5.25 12 Entrepreneurial Activity Index 4.64 34

Openness subindex 6.48 4 Openness subindex 6.48 4Exports per capita 5.30 11Percent of population born abroad 7.66 2Environmental policy subindex 4.83 30 Environmental policy subindex 4.83 30Toxic release, pounds per sq. mile 5.34 10 Pollution standards index 4.64 42High ozone days 4.77 19

BH

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Metro A

rea IndexLOUISVILLE Index Overall Rank

4.36 37


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.27 25 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.27 25Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 5.79 10 State bond rating 4.86 32


Security subindex 4.80 31 Security subindex 4.80 31Murders per 100,000 inhabitants 5.01 31Crime index change 2001-2002, % 3.86 44

Infrastructure subindex 5.15 21 Infrastructure subindex 5.15 21Average 2 bedroom rent 6.36 1 Air passengers per capita 4.09 44Electricity prices per million BTU 6.48 1 High-speed broadband lines per 1,000 residents 2.90 50Travel time to work 5.90 9

Human resources subindex 5.06 25 Human resources subindex 5.06 25Percent of adults in the labor force 6.40 5 Percent of population that graduated from high school, 4.62 37Percent of population without health insurance 5.39 19 persons 25 years and older


4.26 37

Non-federal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.15 40

Technology Subindex 4.40 44 Technology Subindex 4.40 44New patents issued per 100,000 inhabitants 5.04 15 NIH support to institutions per capita 4.55 36

IT employment 4.23 37Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.32 40Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 4.12 40



4.62 32

New publicly traded companies 4.62 32Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 3.85 47Forbes Cost of Doing Business Index 3.39 49Venture capital investment per capita 4.23 50



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MEMPHIS Index Overall Rank

3.39 48


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 6.23 8 Government and fiscal policy subindex 6.23 8State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 6.19 2 State bond rating 4.95 31

Workers' compensation premium rates 5.59 17Bond rating: S&P/Moody's composite 5.42 17Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 6.54 1

Security subindex 3.21 50 Security subindex 3.21 50Crime index change 2001-2002, % 4.77 32Murders per 100,000 inhabitants 3.11 48Violent crimes per 100,000 inhabitants 1.99 50Thefts per 100,000 inhabitants 2.97 50

Infrastructure subindex 5.22 15 Infrastructure subindex 5.22 15Average 2 bedroom rent 5.95 5 High-speed broadband lines per 1,000 residents 3.62 47Electricity prices per million BTU 5.88 7Air passengers per capita 5.33 14

Human resources subindex 4.26 47 Human resources subindex 4.26 47Non-federal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.47 39Percent of population that graduated from high school, persons 25 years and older

4.20 41

Percent of adults in the labor force 4.13 41Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting institutions per 1,000 residents

3.84 47


Technology Subindex 4.22 48 Technology Subindex 4.22 48NIH support to institutions per capita 4.97 16 Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.20 42

Percentage of computer and engineering jobs 3.91 47IT employment 3.88 47Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 3.77 49

Business incubation subindex 4.85 30 Business incubation subindex 4.85 30Total deposits (commercial banks and savings 5.34 13 New publicly traded companies 4.61 33institutions) per capita Venture capital investment per capita 4.38 42Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 5.62 17 Forbes Cost of Doing Business Index 3.77 44



BH

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Metro A

rea IndexMIAMI Index Overall Rank

4.56 32


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 4.57 35 Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.57 35State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 5.98 7 Workers' compensation premium rates 3.41 43Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 5.70 12 Bond rating: S&P/Moody's composite 3.29 45State bond rating 5.35 17

Security subindex 4.09 48 Security subindex 4.09 48Crime index change 2001-2002, % 5.68 13 Murders per 100,000 inhabitants 4.59 41

Thefts per 100,000 inhabitants 3.23 47Violent crimes per 100,000 inhabitants 2.85 49


Average 2 bedroom rent 4.67 35Travel time to work 3.85 44

Human resources subindex 3.86 50 Human resources subindex 3.86 50Percent of population without health insurance 3.23 46Unemployment rate 3.56 47Percent of adults in the labor force 3.60 47Percent of population that graduated from high school, persons 25 years and older

2.55 49

Technology Subindex 4.22 49 Technology Subindex 4.22 49IT employment 5.04 17 Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 3.58 46

NIH support to institutions per capita 4.32 44New patents issued per 100,000 inhabitants 4.46 42Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 3.98 41


Business incubation subindex 5.52 7 Business incubation subindex 5.52 7Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 6.30 6 Venture capital investment per capita 4.39 38Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions) per capita

5.62 7

Entrepreneurial Activity Index 5.93 11Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 5.91 11New publicly traded companies 5.01 13Forbes Cost of Doing Business Index 5.50 17


Environmental policy subindex 6.55 3 Environmental policy subindex 6.55 3Toxic release, pounds per sq. mile 5.35 8Pollution standards index 5.75 4High ozone days 6.60 8

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xMILWAUKEE Index Overall Rank

4.90 25


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.10 30 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.10 30Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 6.21 6 State bond rating 4.31 40Workers' compensation premium rates 5.62 14 State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 3.73 46Bond rating: S&P/Moody's composite 5.42 17

Security subindex 4.99 28 Security subindex 4.99 28Crime index change 2001-2002, % 4.78 31Murders per 100,000 inhabitants 4.85 33

Infrastructure subindex 5.17 17 Infrastructure subindex 5.17 17Travel time to work 6.05 6 Air passengers per capita 4.26 39Electricity prices per million BTU 5.72 11

Human resources subindex 5.07 22 Human resources subindex 5.07 22Percent of adults in the labor force 5.77 11 Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting 4.54 33Percent of population without health insurance 5.78 14 institutions per 1,000 residentsPercent of population that graduated from high 5.45 18 Non-federal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.66 33school, persons 25 years and older Unemployment rate 4.51 35

Technology Subindex 5.05 19 Technology Subindex 5.05 19Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 6.32 8 New patents issued per 100,000 inhabitants 4.55 36

Business incubation subindex 4.58 43 Business incubation subindex 4.58 43Total deposits (commercial banks and savings 5.52 9 Entrepreneurial Activity Index 4.28 36institutions) per capita New publicly traded companies 4.52 39

Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 4.34 40Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.14 42Venture capital investment per capita 4.35 44


Environmental policy subindex 5.44 13 Environmental policy subindex 5.44 13Pollution standards index 5.67 10 Toxic release, pounds per sq. mile 5.03 37High ozone days 5.09 17

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Metro A

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p

MINNEAPOLIS Index Overall Rank6.53 6


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.15 29 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.15 29Bond rating: S&P/Moody's composite 6.06 7 State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 4.39 40State bond rating 5.99 9 Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 3.75 45

Security subindex 5.67 8 Security subindex 5.67 8Violent crimes per 100,000 inhabitants 6.29 3Murders per 100,000 inhabitants 5.93 6Thefts per 100,000 inhabitants 5.49 17

Infrastructure subindex 5.28 9 Infrastructure subindex 5.28 9Air passengers per capita 5.70 7 Average 2 bedroom rent 4.59 36Electricity prices per million BTU 5.74 10Travel time to work 5.49 15


7.21 1

Percent of adults in the labor force 6.87 2Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 6.25 3Unemployment rate 6.19 6Non-federal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.95 16

Technology Subindex 4.85 28 Technology Subindex 4.85 28Percentage of computer and engineering jobs 5.52 12 Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.27 41New patents issued per 100,000 inhabitants 4.79 20IT employment 4.95 20

Business incubation subindex 4.95 23 Business incubation subindex 4.95 23Venture capital investment per capita 4.98 11 Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 4.63 33New publicly traded companies 4.98 16Forbes Cost of Doing Business Index 5.48 18


Environmental policy subindex 6.39 4 Environmental policy subindex 6.39 4High ozone days 6.75 7Pollution standards index 5.47 18

BH

I


Met

ro A

rea

Inde

xNASHVILLE Index Overall Rank

4.96 23


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 6.31 4 Government and fiscal policy subindex 6.31 4State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 6.47 1Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 6.47 3Bond rating: S&P/Moody's composite 5.42 17Workers' compensation premium rates 5.54 18


Violent crimes per 100,000 inhabitants 3.37 47

Infrastructure subindex 5.10 25 Infrastructure subindex 5.10 25Electricity prices per million BTU 5.93 6 High-speed broadband lines per 1,000 residents 4.03 43Average 2 bedroom rent 5.89 9 Travel time to work 4.90 31

Human resources subindex 4.82 35 Human resources subindex 4.82 35Percent of population without health insurance 5.58 17 Non-federal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.72 31Unemployment rate 6.61 2 Percent of population that graduated from high school, 4.64 36

persons 25 years and olderInfant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 3.46 48Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting institutions per 1,000 residents

3.77 50

Technology Subindex 4.54 41 Technology Subindex 4.54 41NIH support to institutions per capita 5.64 6 New patents issued per 100,000 inhabitants 4.46 41IT employment 5.30 13 Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 3.96 43

Percentage of computer and engineering jobs 4.05 44Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 3.83 47

Business incubation subindex 4.86 29 Business incubation subindex 4.86 29Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 5.75 15 Venture capital investment per capita 4.42 34

Entrepreneurial Activity Index 5.40 20 Forbes Cost of Doing Business Index 3.82 43


Environmental policy subindex 4.98 24 Environmental policy subindex 4.98 24High ozone days 4.84 18

BH

I


Metro A

rea IndexNEW ORLEANS Index Overall Rank

3.37 49


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 4.35 40 Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.35 40Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 6.49 2 Workers' compensation premium rates 4.68 38


Security subindex 4.18 47 Security subindex 4.18 47Crime index change 2001-2002, % 6.84 2 Violent crimes per 100,000 inhabitants 4.26 40

Murders per 100,000 inhabitants 0.90 50

Infrastructure subindex 4.91 36 Infrastructure subindex 4.91 36Air passengers per capita 5.00 19 High-speed broadband lines per 1,000 residents 4.10 41Average 2 bedroom rent 5.51 20 Travel time to work 4.63 37

Human resources subindex 3.88 49 Human resources subindex 3.88 49Non-federal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.79 19 Percent of population without health insurance 3.81 44Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting institutions per 1,000 residents


3.61 45

Percent of adults in the labor force 2.52 50Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 2.55 50

Technology Subindex 4.46 43 Technology Subindex 4.46 43NIH support to institutions per capita 4.88 19 Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.74 33

Percentage of computer and engineering jobs 4.06 43New patents issued per 100,000 inhabitants 4.41 47IT employment 3.88 47

Business incubation subindex 4.40 48 Business incubation subindex 4.40 48Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 5.65 16 Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions)

per capita4.62 33

Forbes Cost of Doing Business Index 3.97 41New publicly traded companies 4.37 43Entrepreneurial Activity Index 3.74 44Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 3.91 46


Environmental policy subindex 5.38 14 Environmental policy subindex 5.38 14High ozone days 5.30 15 Toxic release, pounds per sq. mile 4.92 44Pollution standards index 5.47 18

BH

I


Met

ro A

rea

Inde

xNEW YORK Index Overall Rank

3.72 47



Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 3.56 47Bond rating: S&P/Moody's composite 4.14 38State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 3.24 47




Average 2 bedroom rent 3.20 48Electricity prices per million BTU 3.55 41Travel time to work 2.18 50

Human resources subindex 4.85 33 Human resources subindex 4.85 33Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 5.68 19 Percent of population that graduated from high school, 4.09 42Non-federal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 6.86 6 persons 25 years and older

Unemployment rate 3.67 44Percent of adults in the labor force 3.49 48

Technology Subindex 5.03 20 Technology Subindex 5.03 20IT employment 6.64 6 Percentage of computer and engineering jobs 4.24 38Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 5.80 9 Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.32 39

New patents issued per 100,000 inhabitants 4.43 45

Business incubation subindex 5.19 14 Business incubation subindex 5.19 14Forbes Cost of Doing Business Index 6.82 1 Entrepreneurial Activity Index 4.03 40Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions) per capita


New publicly traded companies 5.13 9Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 5.20 15Venture capital investment per capita 4.84 19


Environmental policy subindex 4.52 42 Environmental policy subindex 4.52 42Toxic release, pounds per sq. mile 5.27 18 Pollution standards index 4.60 43

BH

I


Metro A

rea IndexNORFOLK Index Overall Rank

4.80 27


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 6.24 7 Government and fiscal policy subindex 6.24 7Workers' compensation premium rates 6.31 3State bond rating 6.39 3State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 5.49 18


Security subindex 4.61 34 Security subindex 4.61 34Thefts per 100,000 inhabitants 5.18 20 Crime index change 2001-2002, % 2.70 50

Infrastructure subindex 5.03 29 Infrastructure subindex 5.03 29Electricity prices per million BTU 5.67 16 Air passengers per capita 3.92 49Travel time to work 5.49 16

Human resources subindex 5.00 27 Human resources subindex 5.00 27Unemployment rate 5.98 11 Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 4.37 38Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting institutions per 1,000 residents

5.46 11 Percent of adults in the labor force 3.02 49

Percent of population without health insurance 5.84 12Percent of population that graduated from high school, persons 25 years and older

5.56 14

Technology Subindex 4.64 38 Technology Subindex 4.64 38Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 5.61 12 IT employment 4.32 34Percentage of computer and engineering jobs 5.23 18 NIH support to institutions per capita 4.43 39

Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 3.89 44New patents issued per 100,000 inhabitants 4.38 49

Business incubation subindex 4.87 28 Business incubation subindex 4.87 28Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 6.10 7 Forbes Cost of Doing Business Index 4.33 36Venture capital investment per capita 4.90 15 New publicly traded companies 4.37 43Entrepreneurial Activity Index 5.40 20 Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions)

per capita4.01 47



BH

I


Met

ro A

rea

Inde

x

y

OKLAHOMA CITY Index Overall Rank

4.41 35


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.45 16 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.45 16State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 5.69 13 State bond rating 4.66 35Bond rating: S&P/Moody's composite 5.42 17Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 5.52 19

Security subindex 4.19 46 Security subindex 4.19 46Murders per 100,000 inhabitants 5.55 14 Violent crimes per 100,000 inhabitants 4.18 41

Crime index change 2001-2002, % 3.65 45Thefts per 100,000 inhabitants 3.36 46

Infrastructure subindex 5.23 14 Infrastructure subindex 5.23 14Average 2 bedroom rent 6.19 2 High-speed broadband lines per 1,000 residents 4.08 42Travel time to work 6.12 5 Air passengers per capita 4.07 45Electricity prices per million BTU 5.71 12

Human resources subindex 4.64 40 Human resources subindex 4.64 40Unemployment rate 6.08 9 Percent of adults in the labor force 4.31 39

Percent of population without health insurance 4.33 42Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting institutions per 1,000 residents

4.11 44

Non-federal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 3.77 49

Technology Subindex 4.50 42 Technology Subindex 4.50 42New patents issued per 100,000 inhabitants 4.58 32Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.49 35Percentage of computer and engineering jobs 4.31 35Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 4.14 39

Business incubation subindex 4.60 41 Business incubation subindex 4.60 41New publicly traded companies 5.24 8 Entrepreneurial Activity Index 4.71 32Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 5.76 13 Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.43 34


4.38 40

Venture capital investment per capita 4.33 45Forbes Cost of Doing Business Index 3.32 50


Environmental policy subindex 6.20 7 Environmental policy subindex 6.20 7Pollution standards index 5.75 4Toxic release, pounds per sq. mile 5.35 7High ozone days 5.99 11

BH

I


Metro A

rea IndexORLANDO Index Overall Rank

5.30 16


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.29 21 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.29 21State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 5.98 7 Workers' compensation premium rates 3.41 43Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 5.70 12Bond rating: S&P/Moody's composite 5.42 17State bond rating 5.35 17

Security subindex 5.15 21 Security subindex 5.15 21Crime index change 2001-2002, % 5.78 11 Violent crimes per 100,000 inhabitants 4.89 32Murders per 100,000 inhabitants 5.57 13 Thefts per 100,000 inhabitants 4.35 40

Infrastructure subindex 5.41 4 Infrastructure subindex 5.41 4Air passengers per capita 6.72 6 Travel time to work 4.53 38High-speed broadband lines per 1,000 residents 6.05 12 Average 2 bedroom rent 4.77 33


Human resources subindex 5.06 24 Human resources subindex 5.06 24Percent of adults in the labor force 5.95 8 Percent of population without health insurance 4.48 37Unemployment rate 5.87 13

Technology Subindex 4.35 45 Technology Subindex 4.35 45New patents issued per 100,000 inhabitants 4.80 19 Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 3.98 41

Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 3.58 46NIH support to institutions per capita 4.30 47

Business incubation subindex 5.33 10 Business incubation subindex 5.33 10Entrepreneurial Activity Index 6.45 3 Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions) 4.54 38Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 6.30 6 per capitaPercent of labor force that is represented by unions 5.96 9 Venture capital investment per capita 4.39 38

New publicly traded companies 4.37 43



Toxic release, pounds per sq. mile 5.00 39

BH

I


Met

ro A

rea

Inde

x

p

PHILADELPHIA Index Overall Rank4.03 45



Bond rating: S&P/Moody's composite 3.07 49

Security subindex 5.63 12 Security subindex 5.63 12Crime index change 2001-2002, % 6.51 3 Violent crimes per 100,000 inhabitants 4.88 33Thefts per 100,000 inhabitants 6.34 6 Murders per 100,000 inhabitants 4.80 35

Infrastructure subindex 4.56 44 Infrastructure subindex 4.56 44Electricity prices per million BTU 4.76 39Average 2 bedroom rent 4.43 40Travel time to work 4.18 41

Human resources subindex 4.95 29 Human resources subindex 4.95 29Percent of population without health insurance 6.03 4 Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 4.59 32Non-federal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 6.03 9 Percent of population that graduated from high school,


Percent of adults in the labor force 4.32 38Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting institutions per 1,000 residents

4.05 45

Technology Subindex 5.01 22 Technology Subindex 5.01 22Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.36 14 New patents issued per 100,000 inhabitants 4.47 39NIH support to institutions per capita 5.74 5

Business incubation subindex 5.01 21 Business incubation subindex 5.01 21Total deposits (commercial banks and savings 6.44 4 Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 4.34 40institutions) per capita Entrepreneurial Activity Index 3.45 47Forbes Cost of Doing Business Index 6.13 7New publicly traded companies 5.03 11



BH

I


Metro A

rea Index

Phoenix

PHOENIX Index Overall Rank4.58 30


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.98 10 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.98 10Workers' compensation premium rates 6.20 5 State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 4.90 33Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 6.33 5 State bond rating 4.66 35

Bond rating: S&P/Moody's composite 5.84 10

Security subindex 4.30 44 Security subindex 4.30 44Violent crimes per 100,000 inhabitants 5.84 11 Murders per 100,000 inhabitants 4.70 38


Infrastructure subindex 5.02 31 Infrastructure subindex 5.02 31Air passengers per capita 5.63 10 Average 2 bedroom rent 4.69 34


Human resources subindex 4.82 34 Human resources subindex 4.82 34Unemployment rate 5.77 14 Percent of population that graduated from high school, 4.78 33Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting 5.25 19 persons 25 years and olderinstitutions per 1,000 residents Non-federal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.05 42

Percent of adults in the labor force 3.89 46

Technology Subindex 4.63 39 Technology Subindex 4.63 39IT employment 4.41 33Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 4.25 38

NIH support to institutions per capita 4.30 49

Business incubation subindex 5.04 19 Business incubation subindex 5.04 19Entrepreneurial Activity Index 6.27 5 Venture capital investment per capita 4.54 32Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 5.96 9 Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.29 36


4.35 42

Openness subindex 5.27 16 Openness subindex 5.27 16Percent of population born abroad 5.50 11Exports per capita 5.05 20Environmental policy subindex 4.26 45 Environmental policy subindex 4.26 45

Pollution standards index 4.91 31Toxic release, pounds per sq. mile 4.51 48

BH

I


Met

ro A

rea

Inde

x

g

PITTSBURGH Index Overall Rank4.20 40


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 4.46 38 Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.46 38State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 5.49 16 Bond rating: S&P/Moody's composite 3.71 41


Security subindex 5.65 9 Security subindex 5.65 9Thefts per 100,000 inhabitants 6.69 3 Crime index change 2001-2002, % 4.40 40Violent crimes per 100,000 inhabitants 6.01 8Murders per 100,000 inhabitants 5.48 18

Infrastructure subindex 4.94 35 Infrastructure subindex 4.94 35Average 2 bedroom rent 5.81 12 Electricity prices per million BTU 4.89 37Air passengers per capita 5.09 17 High-speed broadband lines per 1,000 residents 3.91 46

Human resources subindex 5.16 18 Human resources subindex 5.16 18Percent of population without health insurance 6.20 3 Percent of adults in the labor force 4.68 31Non-federal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 6.12 8 Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting 3.80 49Percent of population that graduated from high school, persons 25 years and older

5.67 11 institutions per 1,000 residents

Technology Subindex 5.16 17 Technology Subindex 5.16 17Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 6.35 5 IT employment 4.50 31NIH support to institutions per capita 5.52 8 Percentage of computer and engineering jobs 4.50 32New patents issued per 100,000 inhabitants 4.82 18Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 5.24 15


per capita New publicly traded companies 4.60 34Forbes Cost of Doing Business Index 5.60 16 Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 4.49 37

Entrepreneurial Activity Index 3.02 49



BH

I


Metro A

rea Index

Portland

PORTLAND Index Overall Rank

6.81 3


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.41 17 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.41 17Bond rating: S&P/Moody's composite 6.06 7 State bond rating 4.51 38Workers' compensation premium rates 5.85 8 Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 4.41 37State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 5.38 20

Security subindex 5.64 11 Security subindex 5.64 11Violent crimes per 100,000 inhabitants 6.33 1 Thefts per 100,000 inhabitants 4.51 35Murders per 100,000 inhabitants 6.14 1Crime index change 2001-2002, % 5.58 14

Infrastructure subindex 5.31 8 Infrastructure subindex 5.31 8Electricity prices per million BTU 6.04 5High-speed broadband lines per 1,000 residents 5.53 18

Human resources subindex 5.26 16 Human resources subindex 5.26 16Percent of population that graduated from high school, 5.98 6 Non-federal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.71 32persons 25 years and older Unemployment rate 3.35 48Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 6.15 8Percent of adults in the labor force 5.84 9Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting institutions per 1,000 residents

5.36 15


Technology Subindex 5.01 21 Technology Subindex 5.01 21New patents issued per 100,000 inhabitants 5.82 5 Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 3.95 45

Percentage of computer and engineering jobs 5.62 11NIH support to institutions per capita 4.88 18

Business incubation subindex 4.91 26 Business incubation subindex 4.91 26Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 6.51 5 Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 4.63 33New publicly traded companies 5.05 10 Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions) 4.25 44Venture capital investment per capita 4.88 17 per capitaEntrepreneurial Activity Index 5.44 19 Forbes Cost of Doing Business Index 3.61 46

Openness subindex 5.57 11 Openness subindex 5.57 11Exports per capita 6.04 7Percent of population born abroad 5.10 18Environmental policy subindex 6.21 5 Environmental policy subindex 6.21 5High ozone days 7.07 3 Pollution standards index 4.79 38Toxic release, pounds per sq. mile 5.26 20

BH

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Met

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Inde

x

Providence

PROVIDENCE Index Overall Rank

5.27 18



Bond rating: S&P/Moody's composite 4.14 38State bond rating 4.43 39State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 4.35 41Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 3.29 48

Security subindex 5.52 13 Security subindex 5.52 13Murders per 100,000 inhabitants 5.74 11Thefts per 100,000 inhabitants 5.84 13

Infrastructure subindex 4.82 39 Infrastructure subindex 4.82 39High-speed broadband lines per 1,000 residents 6.43 3 Average 2 bedroom rent 4.38 42Travel time to work 5.68 13 Electricity prices per million BTU 3.43 42


Human resources subindex 5.05 26 Human resources subindex 5.05 26Non-federal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 6.99 5 Unemployment rate 4.30 37Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting institutions 5.66 6 Percent of adults in the labor force 3.95 44

per 1,000 residents Percent of population that graduated from high school, 3.14 48Percent of population without health insurance 5.74 15 persons 25 years and older

Technology Subindex 5.18 14 Technology Subindex 5.18 14Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 6.71 3 IT employment 4.32 34Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 6.66 3 Percentage of computer and engineering jobs 3.95 45

Business incubation subindex 4.92 25 Business incubation subindex 4.92 25Venture capital investment per capita 6.17 6 Entrepreneurial Activity Index 3.30 48Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions) per capita

4.89 18

Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 5.16 19New publicly traded companies 5.03 12



BH

I


Metro A

rea Index

a e g

RALEIGH Index Overall Rank6.91 2


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 6.35 2 Government and fiscal policy subindex 6.35 2Bond rating: S&P/Moody's composite 6.27 1State bond rating 6.04 7Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 5.84 8Workers' compensation premium rates 5.67 12

Security subindex 5.31 18 Security subindex 5.31 18Crime index change 2001-2002, % 5.76 12Violent crimes per 100,000 inhabitants 5.44 20

Infrastructure subindex 5.25 13 Infrastructure subindex 5.25 13Air passengers per capita 5.61 11 Average 2 bedroom rent 4.89 32High-speed broadband lines per 1,000 residents 5.12 20Electricity prices per million BTU 5.47 20

Human resources subindex 4.88 30 Human resources subindex 4.88 30Unemployment rate 6.50 3 Percent of adults in the labor force 4.60 33Percent of population that graduated from high 5.76 10 Non-federal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.54 36school, persons 25 years and older Percent of population without health insurance 4.44 38


Technology Subindex 6.72 2 Technology Subindex 6.72 2NIH support to institutions per capita 10.00 1 Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 4.60 35New patents issued per 100,000 inhabitants 6.68 3Percentage of computer and engineering jobs 7.10 3Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 6.35 5IT employment 5.57 11

Business incubation subindex 4.88 27 Business incubation subindex 4.88 27Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 6.56 1 Forbes Cost of Doing Business Index 3.53 47

Venture capital investment per capita 4.98 12 Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions) 3.90 49

Entrepreneurial Activity Index 5.80 13 per capita



BH

I


Met

ro A

rea

Inde

xRICHMOND Index Overall Rank

5.28 17


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 6.25 6 Government and fiscal policy subindex 6.25 6State bond rating 6.39 1Workers' compensation premium rates 6.32 2State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 5.49 16Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 5.52 20


Infrastructure subindex 5.06 26 Infrastructure subindex 5.06 26Electricity prices per million BTU 5.67 15 Air passengers per capita 3.90 50Travel time to work 5.42 19



Unemployment rate 5.98 11Non-federal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.79 20

Technology Subindex 4.84 30 Technology Subindex 4.84 30New patents issued per 100,000 inhabitants 5.73 6 IT employment 4.15 39Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 5.62 11 Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 3.86 45

Business incubation subindex 5.15 16 Business incubation subindex 5.15 16Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions) 6.26 5 Forbes Cost of Doing Business Index 4.54 32per capita New publicly traded companies 4.37 43Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 6.02 8Venture capital investment per capita 4.90 16



BH

I


Metro A

rea IndexROCHESTER Index Overall Rank

4.90 26




Workers' compensation premium rates 4.74 35Bond rating: S&P/Moody's composite 4.78 35State bond rating 3.97 43Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 3.94 40

Security subindex 5.37 17 Security subindex 5.37 17Thefts per 100,000 inhabitants 5.94 11 Crime index change 2001-2002, % 4.71 34Murders per 100,000 inhabitants 5.55 14

Infrastructure subindex 5.03 30 Infrastructure subindex 5.03 30High-speed broadband lines per 1,000 residents 6.12 5 Electricity prices per million BTU 3.15 44Travel time to work 6.35 4 Air passengers per capita 3.94 48Average 2 bedroom rent 5.57 17

Human resources subindex 5.39 8 Human resources subindex 5.39 8Non-federal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 7.27 2 Unemployment rate 3.67 44Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 5.88 10Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting institutions per 1,000 residents

5.38 12


5.48 17

Technology Subindex 5.99 3 Technology Subindex 5.99 3New patents issued per 100,000 inhabitants 9.50 1Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 6.32 4

NIH support to institutions per capita 5.33 10Percentage of computer and engineering jobs 5.15 20

Business incubation subindex 4.78 31 Business incubation subindex 4.78 31Forbes Cost of Doing Business Index 5.74 13 Entrepreneurial Activity Index 3.96 42Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 5.20 16 Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions) per

capita4.23 45



BH

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Met

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Inde

x

Sacramento

SACRAMENTO Index Overall Rank4.57 31




Security subindex 5.11 23 Security subindex 5.11 23Violent crimes per 100,000 inhabitants 6.24 4 Crime index change 2001-2002, % 3.88 43Murders per 100,000 inhabitants 5.41 19


Average 2 bedroom rent 4.34 43Electricity prices per million BTU 3.11 47

Human resources subindex 5.31 13 Human resources subindex 5.31 13Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting 6.89 5 Percent of adults in the labor force 4.57 34institutions per 1,000 residents Percent of population without health insurance 4.41 39Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 6.21 7Percent of population that graduated from high school, persons 25 years and older

5.54 15

Technology Subindex 4.97 23 Technology Subindex 4.97 23Percentage of computer and engineering jobs 5.52 13 New patents issued per 100,000 inhabitants 4.47 40Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.14 20

Business incubation subindex 5.34 9 Business incubation subindex 5.34 9Venture capital investment per capita 7.51 5 New publicly traded companies 4.50 40Forbes Cost of Doing Business Index 6.63 5 Total deposits (commercial banks and savings 4.31 43Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 5.27 11 institutions) per capitaEntrepreneurial Activity Index 5.65 16 Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 3.49 47

Openness subindex 5.41 13 Openness subindex 5.41 13Exports per capita 5.26 16Percent of population born abroad 5.55 10Environmental policy subindex 5.30 16 Environmental policy subindex 5.30 16Toxic release, pounds per sq. mile 5.36 1Pollution standards index 5.59 13

BH

I


Metro A

rea Index

Salt Lake City

SALT LAKE CITY Index Overall Rank

6.19 8


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.27 24 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.27 24State bond rating 6.39 1 Bond rating: S&P/Moody's composite 3.71 41Workers' compensation premium rates 6.16 7 State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 4.12 42

Security subindex 5.01 27 Security subindex 5.01 27Murders per 100,000 inhabitants 6.09 3 Violent crimes per 100,000 inhabitants 4.67 35Crime index change 2001-2002, % 5.14 20 Thefts per 100,000 inhabitants 4.14 43

Infrastructure subindex 5.49 3 Infrastructure subindex 5.49 3Air passengers per capita 7.45 2 High-speed broadband lines per 1,000 residents 3.39 48Electricity prices per million BTU 6.12 2Average 2 bedroom rent 5.55 18

Human resources subindex 6.03 2 Human resources subindex 6.03 2Percent of population without health insurance 5.35 20 Non-federal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 3.85 48Percent of population that graduated from high school, persons 25 years and older

6.34 3


9.01 1

Percent of adults in the labor force 5.68 13Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 6.72 2

Technology Subindex 5.61 7 Technology Subindex 5.61 7Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 7.23 2NIH support to institutions per capita 5.29 11New patents issued per 100,000 inhabitants 5.13 11Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 5.73 10

Percentage of computer and engineering jobs 5.25 17IT employment 5.04 17Business incubation subindex 5.91 3 Business incubation subindex 5.91 3Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions) per capita

9.79 1 Forbes Cost of Doing Business Index 3.87 42

Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 6.82 3Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 5.76 13




BH

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Met

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Inde

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San Antonio

SAN ANTONIO Index Overall Rank

5.58 12






Infrastructure subindex 5.16 19 Infrastructure subindex 5.16 19Average 2 bedroom rent 6.15 3 High-speed broadband lines per 1,000 residents 4.38 32Travel time to work 5.94 8 Air passengers per capita 4.24 40

Human resources subindex 4.26 46 Human resources subindex 4.26 46Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 5.80 15 Percent of students enrolled in degree-granting institutions per

1,000 residents4.14 40

Percent of adults in the labor force 4.03 43Non-federal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.02 43Percent of population that graduated from high school, persons 25 years and older

3.50 46


Technology Subindex 4.75 33 Technology Subindex 4.75 33IT employment 5.21 14 Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 4.69 31NIH support to institutions per capita 4.91 17 Percentage of computer and engineering jobs 4.23 39

Business incubation subindex 4.96 22 Business incubation subindex 4.96 22Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 6.39 2 Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.28 37

Entrepreneurial Activity Index 5.98 10 Forbes Cost of Doing Business Index 4.13 39Venture capital investment per capita 4.83 20 New publicly traded companies 4.37 43


Environmental policy subindex 6.85 1 Environmental policy subindex 6.85 1Toxic release, pounds per sq. mile 5.31 15Pollution standards index 5.75 4High ozone days 7.15 1

BH

I


Metro A

rea Index

g

SAN DIEGO Index Overall Rank5.35 14




Security subindex 5.73 7 Security subindex 5.73 7Crime index change 2001-2002, % 5.35 17Violent crimes per 100,000 inhabitants 5.60 17Thefts per 100,000 inhabitants 6.03 9Murders per 100,000 inhabitants 5.93 6Infrastructure subindex 4.42 46 Infrastructure subindex 4.42 46High-speed broadband lines per 1,000 residents 6.09 8 Electricity prices per million BTU 3.07 48

Average 2 bedroom rent 3.06 49


per 1,000 residents Percent of adults in the labor force 4.06 42Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 6.22 4Unemployment rate 6.19 6

Technology Subindex 5.42 10 Technology Subindex 5.42 10Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.19 17NIH support to institutions per capita 5.61 7New patents issued per 100,000 inhabitants 6.12 4Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 5.17 18

Percentage of computer and engineering jobs 5.38 15IT employment 5.04 17Business incubation subindex 5.81 4 Business incubation subindex 5.81 4Venture capital investment per capita 7.58 2 Total deposits (commercial banks and savings 4.67 31Forbes Cost of Doing Business Index 6.77 3 institutions) per capitaNew publicly traded companies 5.53 6Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 5.25 12Entrepreneurial Activity Index 5.80 13

Openness subindex 5.87 9 Openness subindex 5.87 9Exports per capita 5.30 11Percent of population born abroad 6.45 5Environmental policy subindex 4.69 36 Environmental policy subindex 4.69 36Toxic release, pounds per sq. mile 5.36 5 Pollution standards index 4.79 38

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Met

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xSAN FRANCISCO Index Overall Rank

6.03 9



Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 4.67 34Workers' compensation premium rates 2.70 48State bond rating 2.58 48

Security subindex 5.44 15 Security subindex 5.44 15Violent crimes per 100,000 inhabitants 6.09 6 Crime index change 2001-2002, % 4.45 39Thefts per 100,000 inhabitants 5.81 14Murders per 100,000 inhabitants 5.41 19

Infrastructure subindex 4.00 49 Infrastructure subindex 4.00 49High-speed broadband lines per 1,000 residents 6.09 8 Electricity prices per million BTU 3.07 48Air passengers per capita 5.01 18 Average 2 bedroom rent 0.83 50


6.95 2 Percent of population without health insurance 4.41 39

Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 6.22 4Percent of adults in the labor force 5.60 14Unemployment rate 5.56 16

Technology Subindex 5.60 8 Technology Subindex 5.60 8Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.19 17NIH support to institutions per capita 5.11 13New patents issued per 100,000 inhabitants 5.36 8Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 5.17 18Percentage of computer and engineering jobs 6.03 9IT employment 6.73 5Business incubation subindex 6.18 2 Business incubation subindex 6.18 2New publicly traded companies 9.81 1 Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 4.63 33Venture capital investment per capita 7.58 2 Entrepreneurial Activity Index 4.24 37Forbes Cost of Doing Business Index 6.32 6Total deposits (commercial banks and savings institutions) per capita

5.41 10


Openness subindex 6.23 6 Openness subindex 6.23 6Exports per capita 5.30 11Percent of population born abroad 7.16 3Environmental policy subindex 6.10 9 Environmental policy subindex 6.10 9Toxic release, pounds per sq. mile 5.31 16Pollution standards index 5.59 13High ozone days 6.03 10

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Metro A

rea Index

Seatt e

SEATTLE Index Overall Rank7.80 1


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.21 28 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.21 28Bond rating: S&P/Moody's composite 6.27 1 State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 4.90 33Workers' compensation premium rates 6.18 6 Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 2.93 49State bond rating 5.35 17

Security subindex 5.14 22 Security subindex 5.14 22Murders per 100,000 inhabitants 5.95 5 Violent crimes per 100,000 inhabitants 4.75 34Crime index change 2001-2002, % 5.50 15 Thefts per 100,000 inhabitants 4.37 39

Infrastructure subindex 5.04 28 Infrastructure subindex 5.04 28Electricity prices per million BTU 6.10 3 Average 2 bedroom rent 4.51 39Air passengers per capita 5.29 15 Travel time to work 3.62 46High-speed broadband lines per 1,000 residents 5.65 17


6.90 2 Unemployment rate 4.09 38

Percent of population without health insurance 5.86 9Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 5.88 10

Technology Subindex 5.79 5 Technology Subindex 5.79 5IT employment 7.44 1 Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 3.77 48Percentage of computer and engineering jobs 7.36 2NIH support to institutions per capita 5.92 4New patents issued per 100,000 inhabitants 5.15 9

Business incubation subindex 6.26 1 Business incubation subindex 6.26 1Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 8.43 1 Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 4.20 43New publicly traded companies 9.10 2Entrepreneurial Activity Index 6.12 6Venture capital investment per capita 5.43 8Forbes Cost of Doing Business Index 5.86 11

Openness subindex 6.66 1 Openness subindex 6.66 1Exports per capita 8.12 1Percent of population born abroad 5.19 17Environmental policy subindex 6.21 6 Environmental policy subindex 6.21 6High ozone days 7.02 4 Pollution standards index 4.75 40Toxic release, pounds per sq. mile 5.33 11

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Met

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St Louis

ST. LOUIS Index Overall Rank4.19 41


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.31 20 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.31 20State bond rating 5.97 10 Bond rating: S&P/Moody's composite 3.71 41State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 5.49 15Workers' compensation premium rates 5.38 20

Security subindex 4.53 38 Security subindex 4.53 38Thefts per 100,000 inhabitants 4.56 33Murders per 100,000 inhabitants 4.75 37Violent crimes per 100,000 inhabitants 3.93 42

Infrastructure subindex 5.01 32 Infrastructure subindex 5.01 32Air passengers per capita 5.47 12 High-speed broadband lines per 1,000 residents 3.94 45Average 2 bedroom rent 5.76 14 Travel time to work 4.24 40Electricity prices per million BTU 5.65 17

Human resources subindex 5.10 20 Human resources subindex 5.10 20Percent of population without health insurance 5.99 6 Unemployment rate 4.61 33Percent of adults in the labor force 5.53 15 Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 4.49 35Non-federal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.94 17

Technology Subindex 4.94 25 Technology Subindex 4.94 25Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.50 10 IT employment 4.32 34NIH support to institutions per capita 5.42 9

Business incubation subindex 4.54 46 Business incubation subindex 4.54 46Venture capital investment per capita 4.55 31Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.62 31Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 4.49 37Entrepreneurial Activity Index 3.88 43



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Metro A

rea Index

p

TAMPA Index Overall Rank

4.21 39


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 4.57 35 Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.57 35State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 5.98 7 Workers' compensation premium rates 3.41 43Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 5.70 12 Bond rating: S&P/Moody's composite 3.29 45State bond rating 5.35 17



Human resources subindex 5.16 19 Human resources subindex 5.16 19Unemployment rate 6.40 4 Percent of population without health insurance 4.70 33Percent of adults in the labor force 6.25 7 Percent of population that graduated from high school, persons


Technology Subindex 4.25 47 Technology Subindex 4.25 47IT employment 4.95 20 Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 3.58 46

NIH support to institutions per capita 4.31 46New patents issued per 100,000 inhabitants 4.40 48Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 3.98 41Percentage of computer and engineering jobs 4.28 37

Business incubation subindex 5.31 11 Business incubation subindex 5.31 11Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 6.30 6 New publicly traded companies 4.60 34Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 6.16 6 Venture capital investment per capita 4.39 38



Environmental policy subindex 3.77 47 Environmental policy subindex 3.77 47High ozone days 5.41 13 Toxic release, pounds per sq. mile 5.05 35

Pollution standards index 2.45 48

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Met

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Inde

x

g

WASHINGTON Index Overall Rank5.05 22


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.40 18 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.40 18Workers' compensation premium rates 6.21 4 Bond rating: S&P/Moody's composite 3.29 45State and local taxes per capita/income per capita (cur $) 5.88 11



Crime index change 2001-2002, % 4.32 41Murders per 100,000 inhabitants 4.35 43

Infrastructure subindex 4.40 47 Infrastructure subindex 4.40 47Electricity prices per million BTU 5.75 8 Average 2 bedroom rent 3.57 46


Human resources subindex 5.68 5 Human resources subindex 5.68 5Unemployment rate 7.03 1 Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1,000 live births 4.60 31Percent of population without health insurance 6.30 2Non-federal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 5.83 10Percent of population that graduated from high school, persons 25 years and older

5.62 12


5.34 17

Technology Subindex 5.76 6 Technology Subindex 5.76 6Percentage of computer and engineering jobs 7.62 1 NIH support to institutions per capita 4.59 34Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 6.68 4 New patents issued per 100,000 inhabitants 4.44 44IT employment 5.84 10Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants 5.41 14

Business incubation subindex 5.18 15 Business incubation subindex 5.18 15Venture capital investment per capita 5.03 10Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 5.30 10Forbes Cost of Doing Business Index 5.67 15New publicly traded companies 4.96 18Percent of labor force that is represented by unions 5.34 20



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About the Beacon Hill Institute

Founded in 1991, BHI is an independent, nonpartisan economic research organization, lo-cated within Suffolk University in Boston, that applies a market-clearing approach to theanalysis of tax, fiscal and regulatory issues. In addition to analyzing tax policy, we studyissues including education spending, charitable tax incentives, universal health care, tortreform and economic competitiveness. BHI develops innovative solutions and applies eco-nomic analysis to public-policy issues affecting the states and the nation.

About the Authors

Jonathan Haughton is Senior Economist at the Beacon Hill Institute and Assistant Profes-sor of Economics at Suffolk University. He holds a doctorate in economics from HarvardUniversity and has published widely in refereed journals on economic development andtaxation.

Cagdas Sirin is a Research Assistant at the Beacon Hill Institute. He holds a bachelor ofscience in Statistics from Metu University, Ankara, Turkey. He is currently enrolled in thePhD program in Economics at Suffolk University.

Acknowledgements

The Beacon Hill Institute would like to gratefully acknowledge the assistance of BHI StaffJohn Barrett , Christopher Boyd and Rebecca Moryl for coordination; Frank Conte for printand web design; Sorin Codreanu for web programming; and researchers Ceren Altincekic,Tim Arimtage and Christine Donehue.

© 2004 by the Beacon Hill Institute for Public Policy Research at Suffolk UniversityISBN 1-866320-26-8

Beacon Hill Institute at Suffolk University8 Ashburton PlaceBoston, MA 02108

Phone: 617-573-8750; Fax: 617-720-4272; e-mail: [email protected]; web:www.beaconhill.org

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The Beacon Hill Institute for Public Policy ResearchSuffolk University

8 Ashburton Place

Boston, MA 02108

Phone: 617-573-8750 Fax: 617-720-4272

[email protected]

http://www.beaconhill.org

ISBN 1-886320-26-8$25.00

metro area and state competitiveness report 2004metro area and state competitiveness report / page 4...

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