Introduction

Ash, volatile matter, moisture are key parameters to be determined for estimating the quality of solid fuel

materials such as coke materials. The ash result is used in the calculation of ash load and material balance

purposes in industrial boiler systems and in the ultimate analysis calculation of oxygen by difference

(D3176), while the volatile matter represents the coke yield on the carbonization process to provide more

data on combustion properties of the materials and provides a basis for selling and procuring solid fuel

materials. The moisture result is used in the calculation of the dry basis results. Fixed carbon is a value

obtained by abstracting the sum of ash, moisture and volatile mater from 100 where all values are on the

same moisture reference base.

Method Equation Parameters

Equation Name Equation Text

Moisture (([Initial Mass]-[Moisture Mass])/[Initial Mass])*100

Volatile (([Moisture Mass]-[Volatile Mass])/[Initial Mass])*100

Ash ([Ash Mass]/[Initial Mass])*100

Fixed Carbon 100-([Moisture]+[Volatile]+[Ash])

Volatile Dry [Volatile]*(100/(100-[Moisture]))

Ash Dry [Ash]*(100/(100-[Moisture]))

Fixed Carbon Dry

100-([Volatile Dry]+[Ash Dry])

You get only fixed carbon and not graphite carbon. We need to take FC lump and crush it in agate and

ignite in muffle furnace at 500 oC for 12hrs to see how much organic FC in it. Total FC - Organic FC gives

the Graphite carbon%