meters simple meter: simple meter: duple, triple, quadruple compound meters: compound meters:...
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MetersMeters
• Simple meter:Simple meter:• Duple, Triple, Quadruple
• Compound meters:Compound meters:• Sextuple = Compound Duple Sextuple = Compound Duple • 6 beats BUT with accents on 1 & 4 6 beats BUT with accents on 1 & 4 • Compound Triple Compound Triple • 9 beats BUT with accents on 1 & 4 & 79 beats BUT with accents on 1 & 4 & 7
HarmonyHarmony
• simultaneous happenings in musicsimultaneous happenings in music• Vertical space (depth) Vertical space (depth) • What happens underneath the melodyWhat happens underneath the melody• like the illusion of perspective or depth in like the illusion of perspective or depth in
paintingpainting• AKA: movement and relationship of AKA: movement and relationship of
intervals and chordsintervals and chords
HarmonyHarmony
• Intervals,Intervals, distance between any two tones distance between any two tones • Horizontal--melodic• Vertical--harmonic
• ScaleScale, collection of intervals , collection of intervals • Do-re-mi-fa-sol-la-ti-do
• ChordChord, combination of 3 or more tones , combination of 3 or more tones (usually from the scale)(usually from the scale)• Do/mi/sol or 1/3/5 = major chord
Harmonic behaviorHarmonic behavior
• TonicTonic, “do” of the scale , “do” of the scale • the chord built with “do” as the root
• ““Aka” “keynote”Aka” “keynote”• greatest gravitational pull• Chords exhibit in a hierarchy, with the tonic at the top • Major tonality (tonic is a major chord)
• Minor tonality (tonic is a minor chord) Minor tonality (tonic is a minor chord) • dissonance,dissonance, chords that sound unstable chords that sound unstable
• Create motion (often toward tonic)
• consonance,consonance, stable, at rest stable, at rest
FORMFORM
• Form is defined by repetition and Form is defined by repetition and contrastcontrast
• Repetition (A A)Repetition (A A)
• Contrast (A B A)Contrast (A B A)
• Variation (A A1 A2 ...)Variation (A A1 A2 ...)
FORMFORM
• What is the form of “Twinkle, Twinkle What is the form of “Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star?Little Star?
• ABBAABBA• What is the form of “Goodbye, Old What is the form of “Goodbye, Old
paint?”paint?”• ABAABA
NAMESNAMES OF BASIC FORMSOF BASIC FORMS
• BINARY ( A vs. B)BINARY ( A vs. B)• Greensleeves (variation & binary)• A (a a1) A1 (a a1) B (b b1)
• TERNARY (A B A)TERNARY (A B A)• Goodbye Old Paint• A B A
• STROPHIC (many verses sung to STROPHIC (many verses sung to the same music) the same music)
• “Yesterday” (Beatles)• “Yesterday all my troubles … (A)• “Suddenly there’s a shadow … (A)
Building Blocks of FormBuilding Blocks of Form
• ThemeTheme• A melodic idea used as a building block of
form.• Thematic development: elaborating or
varying a musical idea • Example of thematic development:
Beethoven’s fifth symphony
TextureTexture
• the interaction of musical lines (musical fabric)the interaction of musical lines (musical fabric)• 1. Monophony/monophonic single line1. Monophony/monophonic single line
• Gregorian chant• Native American traditional music
• 2. polyphony -more than one melody together2. polyphony -more than one melody together• Imitation: a common form of polyphony
• Canon & round (“Row, row, row your boat”)• Rimsky Korsakov Capriccio Espagnol
• 3. homophony- one melody with supporting harmony3. homophony- one melody with supporting harmony• Shall We Gather at the River• Pictures at an Exhibition
TextureTexture
• What texture are these examples?What texture are these examples?• Stravinsky• Mozart Piano Concerto• Hungarian traditional song• Billings, “Chester”
DYNAMICSDYNAMICS
• Relative Quietness or LoudnessRelative Quietness or Loudness
Piano Piano Forte Forte pp f f (quiet)(quiet) (loud) (loud)
DYNAMICSDYNAMICS
• The relative gradation scale:The relative gradation scale:
Pianissimo Pianissimo Piano mezzo-piano mezzo-forte forte fortissimo Piano mezzo-piano mezzo-forte forte fortissimo
pppp pp mp mf f ff mp mf f ff
(quieter) (louder)• decrescendo-getting quieter • crescendo-getting louder
TEMPOTEMPO
• Speed of the pulse Speed of the pulse • SLOW SLOW Fast Fast
adagioadagio presto presto
TIMBRETIMBRE
• PitchPitch• DurationDuration• VolumeVolume• TimbreTimbre
Properties of SoundProperties of Sound
GENREGENRE
• The category or type of musicThe category or type of music• Often related to performing forcesOften related to performing forces