meteorology clouds
DESCRIPTION
Meteorology Clouds. Reference. From the Ground Up Chapter 6.2: Clouds Pages 124 - 127. Introduction. Clouds can form in different ways and, as a result, come in many different types. Pilots should know the properties of different types of clouds, and what weather conditions come with them. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Sep 2012
Lesson 4.2
Meteorology
Clouds
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Reference
From the Ground UpChapter 6.2:CloudsPages 124 - 127
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Introduction• Clouds can form in different ways and,
as a result, come in many different types.
• Pilots should know the properties of different types of clouds, and what weather conditions come with them.
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Outline• Classifications• Sky Condition• Cloud Formation
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Classifications• By formation:
– Cumulus – Vertical clouds, formed by rising air, indicates Unstable Air
– Stratus – Horizontal layers, indicates Stable Air
• By height (families):– Low (Strato) Surface – 6 500 ft– Middle (Alto) 6 500 ft – 23 000 ft– High (Cirro) 16 500 ft – 45 000 ft– Vertical Development 1 500 ft and up
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High Clouds• Cirrus (Ci)
– Thin wavy, delicate wisps
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High Clouds• Cirrocumulus (Cc)
– Thin cotton ball or flake-like
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High Clouds• Cirrostratus (Cs)
– Very thin, high sheets– Makes sky white, halo around sun or moon
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Middle Clouds• Altocumulus (Ac)
– Layer or patches of rounded masses
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Middle Clouds• Altocumulus Castellanus (Acc)
– Altocumulus with turrets
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Middle Clouds• Altostratus (As)
– Thick grey layer– Sometimes light rain/snow
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Low Clouds• Stratus (St)
– Uniform layer like fog, but not on ground,Sometimes has drizzle
– When broken, called Stratus Fractus (Sf)
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Low Clouds• Statocumulus (Sc)
– Thin layer or patches of rounded masses
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Low Clouds• Nimbostratos (Ns)
– Uniform thick, dark, grey layer– Continuous rain/snow
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Vertical Development• Cumulus (Cu)
– Thick, rounded or lumpy individual clouds– When fragmented, called Cumulus Fractus (Cf)
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Vertical Development• Towering Cumulus (TCu)
– Very high towering masses– Rough air underneath
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Vertical Development• Cumulonimbus (Cb)
– High, heavy masses going above freezing level– Usually hail inside cloud, heavy rain/snow beneath– Very turbulent
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Sky Condition• Cloud cover broken down into oktas (8ths):
– Clear 0– Few 1 - 2– Scattered 3 - 4– Broken 5 - 7– Overcast 8
• Broken and Overcast considered a Ceiling
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Cloud Formation• Clouds form from condensation or sublimation
(water vapour to water droplets or ice). This requires:– High relative humidity– Condensation nuclei– Cooling air
• Formed in two ways:– Air cools to saturation point (most common, by
expansion)– Air absorbs water vapour to reach saturation point
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Lifting Processes• Clouds created when air rises, expands,
cools, condenses. Following processes force air up:– Orographic Lift – Air forced up by hills/mountains– Convection – Sun heats ground, warm air rises– Frontal Lift – Warm air forced up over cold front– Turbulence – Wind blowing over rough ground
creates eddies, forcing up and down currents– Convergence – Air inside a low pressure area is
forced upwards
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Next Lesson
4.3 – MeteorologyPressure
From the Ground UpChapter 6.3:PressurePages 127 - 130